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1、第七章体检(头颈部)Physicalexamination(headandneck)1、头颅cranium,skull 头颅变形deformingskull) 头形（三）headcontour(circumference) 小颅(尖颅,巨颅)microcephalism(acrocephalia,largeskull) 长(短)dolichocephalia(brachycephalism) 方(塔)颅squared(lower)skull 落日现象sittingsunphenomenon 颅缝cranialsuture 前(后)ll11anterior(posterior)fontanel
2、囱门膨出(塌陷)bulging(edpressed)fontanel 因门晚(早)Pfldelayded(earlier)closureofthefontanel2、眼球eyeball 眼球浮动ocularbobbing 眼球破裂eyeballrupture 眼球穿孔伤ocular-perforatinginjury 眼球内异物intralcularforeignbody 眼距增宽(变窄)ocularhypertelorism(hypotelorism) 眼球萎缩atrophyofeyeball 眼球突出(凹陷)exophthalmos(enophthalmos) 眼球震颤nystagmus
3、眼球固定eyeballfixation(stare) 眼球活动受限Uimitationofeyemovement 假眼ocularprosthesis 眼外肌运动extraocularmovements3、眼险eyelids 睑内(外)entropion(ectropion) 流泪lacrimation 上暗下垂ptosis 眼睑痉挛(松驰)blepharospasm(blepharo-chalasis) 眼睑水肿(红肿)edema(rednessandswelling)oftheeyelids 瞬目过少nictitationdiminulion(lidlag) 瞬三过多frequentnic
4、titation(blinking) 眼裂缩小(增宽)blepharophimosis(blepharodiastasis) 眼睑充血blepharalhyperemial 泪囊lacrimalsac 睫毛反射IeyelaShreflexes 压眶反射reactiontopressureonthesupraocularnotch 皱眉(皱额，闭耳)raiseeyebrows(wrinkleforehead,forceeyelidsclosing)4、结膜conjunctive 结膜反射conjunctivalreflexes jf11.congestion 红(白)redness(pallor
5、) 球结膜水肿chemosis 结膜滤泡(滤泡增生)conjunctivalfollicle(folliculosis) 沙眼trachoma 禽肉pterygium 水样(脓性)分泌物watery(purulent)discharge5、角膜和巩膜ICorneaandsclerae,角膜反射cornealreflexes 角膜混浊corneaopacity 透明(不透明)的transparent(opaque) 异物foreignbody 老年环arcussenilis 溃疡(穿孔)ulcer(perferation) 黄染(无黄染)stainedyellow(anicteric)6、瞳孔p
6、upil 右眼OD(oculusdextet) 左眼OS(oculussinister) 2mm大小2mminsize 等大等园beequalandround 瞳孑L大小不一unevennessofpupils(anisocoria) 固定fixed 瞳孔缩小contractionofpupils(miosis) 瞳孔散大dilationofpupils(platycoria) 瞳孔畸形(闭锁)deformity(seclusion)ofpupils 直接(间接)对光反射direct(consensual)responsetolight 瞳孔对光反射(佳)(差)good(poor)lightr
7、eflexofpupils 对光反射存在retainlightreflexes 调节反射accommodationreflex 辐辕反射IConVergenCereflex7、视力和视野VisionandVisualfields 视力模糊(减退,差)blurred(impaired,poor)Vision 弱视amblyopia 复视doublevision(diplopia) 斜视strabismus 麻痹性斜视paralyticsquint 偏盲hemiscotosis 失明amaurosis(blindness) 夜盲nightblindness 色盲colorblindness 全色盲
8、achromatopsia 绿(蓝)feWachromatopsiagreen(blue)blindness 红绿色盲Ijred-greenblindness 色弱colorweakness SJ.far-sightedness(far-sighted,hyeropia) 近视shortsightedness(short-sighted,nearsightedness,myopia) 右(左)眼200度20Odegree,OD(OS) 左(右)眼视力OS(OD)vision 视野完整full(intact)visualfields 象限视野缺损tetarfanopia 单侧(双颗侧)unila
9、teral(bitemporal)defect 视野缺损visualfielddefect 视野缩小contractionofvisualfield8、眼底和眼压fundusandintraocularpressure) 眼底镜检查fundoscopy(ophthalmoscopy) 眼底清晰fundiareclear 小动脉(小静脉)arteriole(venule) 小动脉狭窄narrowarteriole 小动脉硬化arteriolosclerosis微动脉瘤ImiCrOaneUrySm,动静脉压迹A-Vnicking 点状(头焰样)出血punctate(flame)hemorrhage
10、 视乳头色素沉着pigmentationofdisc(retina) 视神经乳头(视神经)水肿papilledema(papilloedema) 视乳头凹陷(苍白)excavation(pallor)ofopticdisc 视网膜出血(水肿，渗出)retinalhemorrhage(edema,exudation) 视网膜色素变性pigmentarydegenerationofretina 视网膜剥离retinodialysis 视网膜变性(损伤)retinaldegeneration(injury) 测眼压intraocularpressuremeasurement 眼压升高(降低)incr
11、ease(decrease)ofintraocularpressure9、耳廓和外耳道pinnaandexternalcanal 红(肿、痛，压痛)Iredness(swelling,pain,tenderness) 糜烂(渗出物，脓性分泌物)erosion(exudate,purulentdischarge) 疱疹(瘦管，小水疱,)herpes(fistula,visicle,bloodblisters) 狭窄(闭锁)stenosis(clausura) MTJt(盯H宁栓塞，盯耳宁过多)Cerumen(Ceruminalimpactioneeruminosis) 耳癌furuncleofe
12、ar 耳化脓(溢脓)otopyosis(otopyorrhea) 耳廓假性囊肿pseudocystofauricle 外耳道异物foreignbodyofexternalauditorycanal 盯月宁钩(钳)cerumenhook(forceps)10鼓膜tympanicmembrane(drum) 光反射lightreflex 红色(粉红色,苍白)bered(pink,pale) 鼓膜内陷otopiesis(indrawingofdrum) 鼓膜膨出umbo(bulgeofdrum) 鼓膜穿孔(粘连)perforation(adherence)ofdrum 中央(周围)性穿孔centra
13、l(marginal)perforation 鼓膜破裂ImyringorUPtUre 鼓膜增厚(充血，疤痕，疱疹，肉芽)hypertrophy(congestation,scar,herpes,granulation)ofdrum 鼓室积水(血)hydrotympanum(hematotympanum)11、听力audition(hearing) 听觉过敏(减退)hyperacusis(hypoacusis) 听觉不良(迟钝，障碍)dysacousis(bradyacusia,dysacusis) 听觉域auditorysensationarea 听力正常normalhearing! 听力(觉
14、)迟钝auditusdepression(amblyacousia) 听力障碍dysaudia 听力丧失hearingloss(disability) 传导性(神经性，感音神经性)耳聋conductive(neural,sensorineural)deafness 老年性耳聋presbycusis,音叉试验tuningforktest 秒表(耳语)听力检查slopwatch(whisper)audiometry 韦伯氏试验(骨导偏向试验)Weber，SteSu 任内氏试验(气骨导听力比较试验)Rinnestest 施瓦巴赫氏试验(骨导对比试验)Schwabach,stest12、鼻nose 酒
15、渣鼻rosacea 鞍(蛙状)saddle(frog)nose 畸形(肿胀，溃疡)deformity(swelling,ulcer) 鼻翼扇动flaring(movement)ofalaenasi(nasalalaflap) 鼻骨骨折fractureofnasalbone 鼻拜InaSaIfuruncle 鼻道狭窄rhinostenosis(stenosisofnasalcanal) 流涕TUnningnose鼻粘膜干燥(苍白,红)dry(pale,red)mucosa 鼻腔异物nasalforeignbody 鼻粘膜萎缩(肥厚，肿胀)nasalmucosaatrophy(hypertroph
16、y,swelling) 鼻孔(甲)naris(turbinates) 上(中、下)鼻甲superior(middle,inferior)turbinates #Snasalobstruction 鼻中隔偏移(穿孔，肿胀，血肿，溃疡)deviation(perforation,swelling,hematoma,ulcer)ofnasalseptum 鼻(副鼻)窦nasal(paranasal)sinus 额(上颌，蝶，筛)窦frontal(maxillary,sphenoid,ethmoid)sinus 鼻窦压痛tendernessoversinuses 鼻镜检查rhinoscopy13、嗅觉
17、smell(scent) 嗅觉减退(敏锐)hyposmia(oxyosmia) 嗅觉异常helerosmia 嗅觉测定measurementofolfaction 嗅觉倒错(嗅幻觉)Iparaosmia(olfactoryhallucination 嗅觉缺失anosmia14口腔粘膜与唇mucosaofmouthandlips 口腔(唇)oralcavity(lips) 口瘢痕挛缩cicatricialcontractureofmouth 疮aphtha 口角angleofmouth 唇(口角)干裂cheilosis(angularcheilosis) 皱裂ehagades 口裂oralfis
18、sure 干燥(湿润)dry(moist) 口唇干燥xerocheilia(desiccationfissure) 臭halitosis(ozostomia) 口唇(腔)疱疹herpesIabialis(ofmouth) 口唇肥厚lipsachynsis 口角糜烂perleche 口腔坏疽oralgangrene 柯泼力克氏斑Kopliklspots 口腔白斑(溃疡形成)oralleukoplakia(ulceration) 口水(口涎增多)saliva(ptyalism)周苍白(雀斑)circum-oralpallor(freckle) 闭口困难IOPenbite(closurelipsir
19、reducible) 张口受阻(E)limitation(difficulty)ofmouthopening15、牙齿tooth 牙表面toothsurface 牙不齐odontoloxy(alignmentdisorder,malalignment)牙发育不全(异常)metodontiasis(dysplasiadentalis) 牙根折断denialrootfracture 牙齿缺失anodontia(absenceofthetooth)J 牙脱落odontoptOSiS(IOSeatooth) 缺齿missingteeth 残根residualroot 牙松动odontoseisis(l
20、ooseningofthetooth) 牙垫bite-block 牙磨损toothabrasion 牙骨质增生hypercementosis 牙冠破裂crackingofcrown 牙石IOdontolith(tartar,dentalcalculus) 牙列拥挤crowdeddentition 牙缝宽wideinterdentalspace 牙萌出过迟(早)delayed(premature)eruptionoftooth 牙线dentalfloss 牙髓腔(炎)pulpcavity(pulpitis) 拔牙extract(pullout,drawout,putout)atooth 假牙fa
21、lse(artificialtooth) 假牙prosthesis 镶牙inserttooth 齿decayedteeth(dentalcaries) 一洞cariouscavity 牙面色素沉着pigmentationoftoothsurface 牙关紧闭trismus(lockjaw) 牙触(叩击)toothtenderness(percussionpain) 牙周囊肿(感染，萎缩)periodontalcyst(infection,atrophy)16牙龈gum(gingiva) 牙龈出血(囊肿，坏疽，W)gingivalbleeding(cyst,gangrene,laceration
22、)牙龈充血(肿胀，糜烂)gingivalengorgement(swelling,erosion) 牙龈萎缩(增生)gingivalatropy(hyperplasia) 牙龈(牙周)溢脓gingivalpyorrhea(peripyema) 牙龈脓肿gumboil17、tongue 舌背静脉dorsallingualveins 舌颤动tremuloustongue(lingualtremor) 舌淀粉样变性amyloiddegenerationoftongue) 舌后坠glossocoma 舌尖麻木tonguetipnumbness 舌裂splittongue 舌脓肿(溃疡)tongueab
23、scess(ulcer) 舌乳头(体，背)papillae(body,dorsum)oftongue 舌苔coated(furred)tongue 地图(草莓，镜面)geographic(strawberry,marrorface)tongue 裂纹(牛肉)wrinkled(beefy)tongue 毛舌hairytongue 舌光滑(粗糙)smooth(rough)tongue 舌滤泡lingualfollicles 舌干燥sausarism 舌肌萎缩(肥厚)atrophy(hypertrophy)oftonguemuscle 舌系带过短tonguetie(ankyloglossia) 舌下
24、囊肿(溃疡,脓肿，sublingnalcyst(ulcer,abscess,tumor) 伸舌困难(偏斜)difficulty(deviation)oftongueextenisonmovement18、咽和扁桃体pharynxandtonsil 鼻(口)11Snasal(oral)pharynx 扁桃体不肿大noenlargementoftonsil 无充血和渗出noinjection(congestion)andexudate 脓点(滤泡，白色小点)beadsofpus(follicle,whiteparticle) 扁桃体出血(感染，肥大，)hemorrhage(infection,hy
25、pertrophy,ulcer)oftonsil 扁桃体肿大swellingoftonsil 扁桃体(后,周围)脓肿tonsillar(retrotonsilla,peritonsillar)abscess 扁桃体缺如tonsildeletion 扁桃体隐窝(窝)tonsillarcrypts(fossa) 咽部异物(溃疡，分泌物)pharynealforeignbody(ulcer,secretion) 咽后壁淋巴滤泡增生IretroPharynealfolliculosis 咽部干燥(疱疹，充血，水肿)dryness(herpes,congestion,swelling)ofthroat
26、咽反射pharynxreflex 咽下不能dysphagia 腮腺肿大enlargemenlofparotidgland19喉Uarynx 白喉(喉白斑)diphtheriticcroup(leukoplakiaoflarynx) 喉闭锁atretolemia 喉梗阻UaryngemPhraXiS(laryngealobstruction) 喉痉挛(狭窄)Iaryngealspasm(Iaryngostenosis) 喉头痉挛Iaryngospasm 喉反射laryngealreflex 喉坏死(钙化)necrosis(calcification)oflarynx 喉掇(囊肿，脓肿，息肉，血肿
27、，异物)laryngealfistula(cyst,abscess,polyp,hematoma,foreignbody) 喉膨出Iaryngocele 喉缺失absenceofIargnx 喉头水肿laryngealedema 声嘶(哑)hoarseness(dumbness) 变(失)声mutation(loss)ofvoice 失音aphonia 发音(构音)障碍pararthria(dysarthria) 喉部感觉缺失laryngealanesthesia啥厌发育不全(擦伤,裂,囊肿，脓肿)agenesis(abrasion,fissure,cyst,abscess)ofepiglot
28、tis 会厌分叉(结节)bifidepigloltis(epiglottictubercle) 声带月匕厚IhyPertrOPhyofvocalcords 声带麻痹vocalcordparalysis 声带小结vocalnodule 声带息肉polypofvocalcord 声门痉挛glottisspasm 声门下狭窄subglotticstenosis20、颈部neck 颈部创伤necktrauma 颈部淋巴结(囊肿)cervicallymphnode(cyst) 颈动脉窦按摩carotidsinusmassage 颈强直neckrigidity(stiff-neckrigidity,sti
29、ffneck) 颈软softneck(supple) 斜颈torticollis 角弓反张opisthotonus 颈静脉搏动(曲张)Uugularpulse(Varicosity) 颈静脉怒张UUgUlarveindistention(JVD) 颈静脉充盈(怒张)IjUgUlarveinisfull(distentionandprominence) 库斯毛氏征Kussmaulssign 肝颈反流hepatojugularreflex 收缩期(舒张期)囊颤systolic(diastolic)thrill 颈动脉搏动异常(增强、减弱、消失)abnormalcarotidpulsation(in
30、crease,decrease,disappearance)21、甲状腺thyroid 弥漫(局灶，结节)性甲状腺肿大diffuse(local,nodular)thyroidenlargement 甲状腺震颤thyroidtremor 震颤thrill 甲状腺血管杂音thyroidvascularmurmur 甲状腺峡部isthmusofthyroidgland 甲状旁腺parathyroidgland 甲状腺囊肿(滤泡、肿块，lIlL)thyroidcyst(follicle,tumor,hemorrhage)22、气管trachea 气管插管IendOtraChealintubation 气管痉挛tracheospasm 气管囊肿(息肉、狭窄、移位)trachealcyst(polyp,stenosis,displacement) 气管(向右)偏移IdiSPlaCementoftrachea(trachealdeviationtotheright) 气管居中tracheaisinthemidline气管内异物intratrachealforeignbody
