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1、美-爱Beauty.Love.-团结-家人Unity.-Family.-接纳-包容和自♥由♥Acceptance.Inclusionandfreedom.这面旗帜令人感到恐惧Thisflagbringsfear.-憎恨-愤怒Hate.-Anger.种族灭绝-残暴Genocide.-Barbarism.政♥治♥宣传Propaganda.骄傲Asenseofpride.梦想和对幸福的追求-让我觉得安全Dreamandpursuitofhappiness.-Itmakesmefeelsafe.-分♥裂♥-压抑Divi
2、sion.-Oppression.有时我会感到困惑和失望Attimes,Ifeelconfusedanddisappointed.旗帜能给我们带来恐惧和隔阂Flagscanterrorizeanddivideus,但也能带来团结buttheycanalsouniteus.旗帜能传达出我们的身份和诉求Theycanarticulatewhoweareandwhatwewant.旗帜对于不同的人有不同的定义Flagscanmeancompletelydifferentthingstodifferentpeople,旗帜能成为世界上最有力量的工具andNtheycanbeoneofthemostpo
3、werful,也能成为最危险的JL具andsometimesdangerous,toolsintheworld.一块布究竟为什么既能团结我们又能分♥裂♥我们？Howcanapieceofclothbothunifyanddivideus?为什么它拥有这么大的力量？Andwhydoesitholdsomuchpower?我向国旗宣誓效忠1pledgeallegiancetotheflag.他在向全世界传达自己的理想Displayingtotheworldhisideal.国旗象征着他的爱国精神asymbolofhispatriotism.旗帜能从每人心中引起温馨回应F
4、lagsstrikeawarmresponseineveryheart.我们为那面旗帜而奋斗Wefoughtforthatflag.如果旗帜会说话那它可以写书了Iftheflagcouldtalk,itcouldwriteabook.对我来说那面旗帜是憎恨的象征Thatflaghasalwaysrepresentedhatetome.改变旗帜意味着改变♥态♥度Changingtheflagsignalsachangeofattitude.与民众的自♥由♥和公义不可分割Indivisible,withlibertyandjusticefor
5、all.片名:旗帜归属感是人类最基本的需求之一Oneofourmostbasichumanneedsistobelong.因此人类建造部落、宗族和宗教It,swhyweformedtribes,clans,andreligions.当我们所属的群体成功了我们自己也体验到成功Andwhenourgroupsucceeds,weexperiencethatsuccessasourown.我们支持的队伍赢r我们欢呼Whenourteamwins,wecheer.我们支持的队伍输了我们心里会感受到创伤Whenourteamloses,wepersonallyfeelatrauma即便体验失败的不是我们
6、本人thatwasntreallyourownexperiencetobeginwith.我们将自我身份认同跟另一个更大的整体融为一体Wemergeourownpersonalidentityintoalargerwhole.而旗帜就代表这个整体Andthatwholeisrepresentedbytheflag.旗帜是人类资源文化中Theflagisoneofthestrongestideologicalmarkers最强大的意识形态标签inourculturalrepertoire.但很久以前旗帜只是一种工具Butbeforethat,flagswerejusttools.早期社会利用旗帜
7、给远处的人打信♥号♥♥Earlysocietiesusedthemtosignalacrossdistances借此宣告统治者或敌人的到来thatarulerwascoming,oraninvader.船舰利用旗帜来传达信息Shipsusedthemtosendmessagesbackandforth.旗帜也在战争中扮演着举足轻重的角色Andtheywerecriticalinbattle.我们总得知道同伴和敌人的位置Youhavetoknowwhereyourfriendsareandwhereyourenemiesare.于是用旗帜发出信&hear
8、ts;号♥♥Andthisissignaledbytheflag.古时候的旗帜采用各种物质制成从动物毛发到金属不等Earlyflagsweremadeofeverythingfromanimalhairtometal.直到大约六千年前Butthen,around6,000yearsago,中国发明了丝绸Chinainventedsilk.丝绸通过丝绸之路这条商道Itspreadrapidlyalonganetworkoftradingroutes迅速传遍各地knownastheSilkRoad.古时候人们采用丝绸来制♥造♥最尊贵的旗帜Si
9、lkwasusedtomakethemostprestigiousflags,例如帝王和国家统领的旗帜theflagsofthemonarchsandtheflagsoftheheadsofstate.后来这些古代帝国开始没落Butthenthesekingdomsstartedtofall.19世纪发生两大革命Inthe19thcentury,tworevolutionshappened.多亏了科技People,thankstotechnology,人们变得更容易掌握国家趋势、becamemoreawareofwhatwashappeningallaroundthecountry.与此同时王
10、权和专♥政♥被取代Andatthesametime,theytookoverpowerfromthekingsandtherulers.进而催生出一种全新的政体Whatemergedoutofthatwasanewtypeofpoliticalentity也就是“国家”calledthenationstate.皇室陨落后国家需要一个新的身份来团结全民Withoutamonarch,thesenationsneededanewidentitytounitethem.为了培养全国人♥民♥对国家的归属感Inordertofosterafeeli
11、ngOfbelongingtogetherasanationstate,适当的品牌规划是有利的做法abitOfbrandingwasausefulexercise.我们需要一个共同的信仰Weneededasharedbeliefsystem,旗帜在这方面帮了一大忙andtheflaghelpeddothat.德国传奇作家歌♥德说过AsthelegendaryGermanwriterGoethesaid,“先有国名和国旗Acountrystartsoutfromanameandaflag,后有国家anditthenbecomesthem,正如人必须完成使命”justasamanfu
12、lfillshisdestiny.我服膺这样的理想Ihavecherishedtheideal一个自♥由♥、民♥主♥的社会ofademocraticandfreesociety.如果有必要我愿意为之牺牲,ItisanidealforwhichIampreparedtodie.纳尔逊曼德拉说出这句名言时WhenNelsonMandelaspokethosewords,南非国旗是由四面国旗组成theSouthAfricanflagwasfourflagsinone.联合旗、两面荷属殖民地旗TheUnionJackandtwoDutchcolo
13、nyflags,三面旗帜并列在荷兰旧国旗上allatoptheformerDutchflag.这些旗帜都是南非殖民政♥府♥的象征Theyrepresentedthecountryscolonizers.这是以黑人人♥权♥作为代价所得到的团结ItwasaunityattheexpenseoftheBlackpeople.以前法律规定Iwasforcedbythelawtoattendschools我只能到为黑人建设的学校求学specificallydesignedforBlackpeople.我不能踏入白人居住的城镇Icouldnotgoi
14、ntothetownwherewhitepeoplelive.（只限欧洲人）我记得小时候被分获那面旗帜的情景Irememberbeinggiventhatflagasayoungchild.后来我才明白当时我其实是被逼举起一个WhenIlaterunderstoodthatIwasforcedtowave压♥迫♥黑人的象征asymbolofmyownoppression,当时我觉得这个做法itwasreallysomethingthatwas.很可恶repulsive.接着我们开始意识到不能再这样下去了Youstartrealizingthatsomethingha
15、stochangehere.当时南非非洲人国民大会党简称“非国大党”TheAfricanNationalCongress,orANC,正在争取改变wasfightingforthatchange.但在1960年的一次抗♥议♥活动中Butatoneprotestin1960,警方开火了thepoliceopenedfire,导致69名手无寸铁的示♥威&hearts渚命丧枪下killing69unarmeddemonstrators,这起事故后来被称为沙佩维尔屠♥杀♥inwhatcametobeknownastheSharpev
16、illemassacre.事后殖民政♥府♥禁止了非洲大党的活动Intheaftermath,thegovernmentbannedtheANC.几年后该党其中一名领袖纳尔逊曼德拉Afewyearslater,theysentencedoneofitsleaders,NelsonMandela,被判终身监禁tolifeinprison.党旗也被殖民政♥府♥列为禁旗TheyalsobannedtheANCsflag.这面党旗的设计渊源可追溯到世界的另一端Thedesignofthatflagisastorythatstraveledthewo
17、rldandback.始于埃塞俄比亚唯一一个从未被殖民过的非洲国家StartinginEthiopia,theonlyAfricancountrythatwasnevercolonized也是第一个成立国旗的非洲国家andthefirsttoadoptanationalflag.接着几年内随着政♥权♥转移Overtheyears,theirflagchanged,该国国旗也出现变化aspowershiftedhandsfromonemonarchtoanother,从王室转为共&hearts产♥政体tocommunistrule,再到共和政体toare
18、public.但在埃塞俄比亚之外这面国旗象征着非洲解放事业ButoutsideEthiopia,theflagrepresentedAfricanliberation.随着非洲国家纷纷从殖民政♥府♥统治中解放出来AsAfricancountriesbrokefreefromcolonialism并开始设计国旗时andcreatedtheirownflags,大部分新政♥府♥都以埃塞俄比亚国旗作为参考manyofthemlookedtoEthiopia,s.埃塞俄比亚也启发了另一面旗帜AndEthiopiainspiredanotherfl
19、ag,too.1920年代在世界的另一端Inthe1920s,ontheothersideoftheworld,有一首流行曲thiswasapopularsong.每个民族都有一面旗帜黑人除外JEveryracehasaflagbutthecoonJ牙买♥♥加社运领袖马库斯加维听到这首歌♥后WhenJamaicanactivistMarcusGarveyheardit,对其带有种族歧视的歌♥词感到非常愤怒enragedbytheracistlyric,他决定设计一面旗帜hedecidedtocreateaflag,于是向埃塞俄比亚国旗寻求
20、灵感andheturnedtoEthiopiasforinspiration,将黄色的部分改为黑色代表因黑奴贸易swappingtheyellowforblacktorepresenttheAfricanpeople而流落世界各地的非洲人whotheslavetradehaddisplacedaroundtheworld.HecalleditthePan-Africanflag.并称之为“泛非国旗”并称之为“泛非国旗”他说:“告诉我有哪个国家没有国旗Showmetheraceorthenationwithoutaflag,hesaid,我就告诉你哪个民族没有尊严”andIwillshowyou
21、araceofpeoplewithoutanypride.*几年后非国大党向加维设计的国旗取经Afewyearslater,GarveysflaginspiredtheANC设计出该党党旗whentheydesignedtheirown.1990年遭监禁27年后曼德拉从监狱里被释放出来In1990,Mandelawasfreedafter27yearsinprison.人♥民♥与政♥府♥开始就种族隔离制度进行谈判Negotiationsbegantoendapartheid,并成功举办了南非历史上第一次公正严明的选举andthecount
22、ryhelditsfirstfairandfreeelection.选举当天Onthedayoftheelection,我投下了人生中第一张选票Iwasabletocastavoteforthefirsttimeinmylife.那是一个充满感触、近乎奇妙的体验Itwasanemotionalandnear-magicalexperience.我们获得投票权的那一天Onthedaythatwewereallowedtovote,这面旗帜也在空中扬起thisflagwasalsoflown.新的南非国旗ThenewSouthAfricanflagwasacombinationoftheoldfl
23、ag是旧国旗和非国大党党旗的结合体andtheANCflag.这面国旗是团结的符号♥Itwasasymbolofunity.让我能对我的祖国Itgavemetheopportunity产生归属感toidentifywithmyowncountry.旗帜具有能够团结人心和激发忠心的特殊力量Flagshaveauniquepowertounifyandstirloyalty,对政♥府♥而言是个非常有力的工具andforgovernments,thatsapowerfultool.有些国家规定学校必须升挂国旗背后是有目的的Theresareasonsomec
24、ountriesmandateflagsinschools.全球有超过60个国家规定亵渎国旗者Andinmorethan60countries,ifyoudesecrateyournationalflag,将被判罚款或监禁youcanfacefinesorevenprisontime.大部分国家制定了一套齐全的升旗法规Manyalsohaveelaborateflagcodes,仔细阐明处理国旗的正确方式carefullydetailinghowtheflagshouldbehandled,要以操办宗教圣礼般的严谨态度对待国旗treatingthemwithareverenceusuallyr
25、eservedforreligioussacraments.这其实是一种政♥治♥宣传Itsatypeofpropaganda,在传宣某种愿景inthatyourepromotingavisionofsomething.最理解这个道理的人莫过于阿道夫希♥特♥勒♥AndnooneunderstoodthatbetterthanAdolfHitler.还有这位德国暴君AndtheGermanFuhrer.阿道夫希♥特♥勒♥意识到第一次世界大战后AdolfHitlerrecognizedaf
26、tertheFirstWorldWar德国人对未来的愿景幻灭了andthedisillusionmentoftheGermanpeople他需要通过一个符号♥thatasymbolcouldbeused将某个群体聚在一起togetagrouptocoalescearound,许他们一个更美好的未来愿景thatgavethemavisionofabetterfuture.希♥特♥勒♥掌握政♥权♥之前Beforecomingtopower.Hitlerworkedfortheeducation在军队的教&heart
27、s;育♥部♥和宣传部效力andpropagandadepartmentofthemilitary,也因此学习到煽动民众的艺术wherehelearnedtheartOfinfluencingthemasses.在希♥特♥勒♥的自传我的奋斗中InhisautobiographyMeinKampt他写道丁一个有力量的象征Hitlerwrotethat,Astrikingemblem能成为第一个掀起变革的元素”maybethefirstcauseofawakeninginterestinamovement.纳粹党旗能激起恐惧The
28、Naziflaghadthepowertoinspirefear,但也具有振奋人心的力量butitalsohadthepowertoinspireexhilaration.希♥特♥勒♥甚至打造了一本Hitlerevencreatedabrandguide超过500页的品牌设计指南thatranover500pages.当上德国总理后希♥特♥勒♥制定的第一条法令AndoneofhisfirstdecreesasChancellor就是将旧党旗列为禁旗而后创立了纳粹党旗wasbanningtheoldflagand
29、institutingtheNazione.并禁止犹太人升挂旗帜ThenhebannedJewsfromflyingit.旗帜能造就团结Whileflagscreateanus,也能制♥造♥分♥裂♥theycanalsocreateathem.在历史中旗帜就是扮演着这种角色Andtheyveplayedthatrolethroughouthistory.俗话说：国家制♥造♥战争Asthesayinggoes,thestatesmadewar,战争造就国家”andwarmadethestate.世界各地的政&he
30、arts;府♥利用国旗来号♥召民众参军入伍Flagswereusedtorallycitizenstoenlistaroundtheworld.后来国旗也成为向殉国士兵致敬的象征Andtheybecameasolemnemblemofthesoldier,ssacrifice.对于美国国旗来说这点是无庸置疑的AndthatscertainlytrueoftheAmericanflag.人们对美国国旗产生迷信是在十九世纪开始ThecultoftheAmericanflagaroseinthe19thcentury当时美国国旗是催生爱国情操的工具toencouragea
31、cultureofpatriotism.美国是第一个对国旗宣誓效忠Itwasthefirstcountrytohaveapledgetotheflag,也是第一个拥有国旗日和国旗周的国家aflagday,aflagweek.但越战成了一个转振点ButtheVietnamwarmarkedaturningpoint.随着反战运动越来越炽烈国旗也被政♥治♥化Astheanti-warmovementgrew,theflagbecamepoliticized,象征着美国两个不同立场的愿景representingtwodifferentvisionsofAmerica.双方
32、穿戴国旗的方式也不同Andeachsideworeitdifferently.反战社运人士艾比霍夫曼将印着美国国旗的衣服穿在身上Theanti-waractivistAbbieHoffmanworeanAmericanflagshirt后来在刚通过的国旗保护♥法♥下被控侮辱国旗罪andwaschargedwithdesecrationunderanewflagprotectionlaw.美国总统尼克松宣布延长越战期间WhilePresidentNixon,whoprolongedtheVietnamwar,也开始将国旗戴在身上alsostartedwearingth
33、eflag.只是他把国旗化为别针Asapin.虽然该法令已被否决但分♥裂♥仍旧存在Andthoughthatlawwasstruckdown,thedividestayed美国也迎来了新的敌人asAmericaturnedtonewthreats.菲德尔卡斯特罗将革命传入我们的后院FidelCastroisexportingrevolutionsinourownbackyard.我们想要的是有根有据的爱国主义精神Aninformedpatriotismiswhatwewant.让我们从基本做起吧1.etsstartwithsomebasics.更加关注美国历史Mor
34、eattentiontoAmericanhistory提升文明意识andagreateremphasisoncivicritual.雷根呼吁人♥民♥要爱国突然之间Suddenly,withReagansayingeverybodyhadtobepatriotic大家必须支持美国必须踊跃响应美国参与的战争andpro-American,beenthusiasticaboutthewarsitwasgoingtofight,要不支持要不反对我选择了反对youeithergotwiththatoryoudidntAndIdidnt.我在芝加哥南部一个中产黑人家庭长大Igr
35、ewupamiddle-classBlackkidontheSouthSideofChicago.芝加哥是个种族分♥裂&heartsJW况非常严重的城市Chicago1Saverysegregatedcity.小时候国家就跟你说你不属这个地方Fromyourearliestage,whenthecountryistellingyouyoudonotbelonghere,国父建国时从没把你当成是人♥民♥看待thefoundingfathersneverthoughtofyouasbeingacitizenofthiscountry,我们对美国没有归属感我
36、也是youdontfeellikeyourepartofit,andsoIneverdid.1988年我办一场艺术展In1988,1madetheinstallation主题是如何正确地展示美国国旗?WhatIstheProperWayToDisplayaUSFlag?我在地上放了一面三乘五尺的国旗Theresathree-by-flve-footflagontheground.国旗上有本笔记簿让参观者在上面留言Andabovetheflagwasanotebook,wherevisitorscouldleavecomments.你可以站在国旗旁或站在国旗上Youcouldstandeithe
37、rnexttoitoronit.“你把国旗放在地上简直侮辱了所有美国人”YouredisgracingeveryoneinAmericabyplacingtheflagonthefloor.“这是最极致的爱国情操”Thisistheultimateformofpatriotism.“你犯下了叛国罪应该被处置”Youshouldbeexecutedforhightreason.还有其他留言Thereareacoupleothers.“我是个德国女人如果我们德国人像你们这样敬仰国旗maGermangirl.IfweGermanswouldadmireourflagasyoualldo,就会再次被当
38、成是纳粹”wewouldbecalledNazisagain.“我觉得你们对国旗的态度很有问题”1thinkyoudohavetoomuchtroubleaboutthisflag.上千人聚在斯考特的展览会场外抗♥议♥ThousandsprotestedinfrontofScottsexhibit参议院也做出回应了TheSenaterespondedtoo,就把国旗放在地上是否妥当进行投票表决votingtobanthedisplayoftheflagontheground.同一年美国国会通过了一项新的国旗保护♥法♥1.aterthaty
39、ear,CongresspassedanewFlagProtectionAct,再次将侮辱国旗列为违法行为makingthedesecrationoftheflagacrimeinAmericaonceagain.支持第一修正案SupportfortheFirstAmendmentneednotextend并不意味着可以公然侮辱国旗toNdesecrationoftheAmericanflag.国旗是象征国家团结的符号♥Thatisanationalsymbolofunity.这个国家需要团结Weneedunityinthiscountry.象征是很重要的Symbolsareim
40、portant.有意焚烧美国国旗的美国人AmericanswhowanttoburntheAmericanflag或许可以考虑搬到伊朗、中国和古巴shouldconsidermovingtoIran,China,orCuba,在这些国家焚烧美国国旗不但是合法的还备受鼓舞whereburningtheAmericanflagisnotonlylegal,butencouraged.我们觉得这种情况就像是一个陨落的国家Wefeltthatherewasthissortofdyingempire拼命依附着它的象征thatwasdesperatelyclutchingatitssymbols,试图压制
41、言论自&hearts油♥和异见tryingtosuppressfreespeechanddissent.国旗保护♥法♥生效后的那个星期一TheMondayafterthelawwentintoeffect,德雷特和三名友人结伴到美国国会大厦台阶前DreadandthreefriendswenttothestepsoftheUSCapitol,拿出国旗将其点燃tookoutflagsandsetthemonfire.我们立刻被逮捕被控上最高法♥院♥Wewereinstantlyarrested,andthenitwenttot
42、heSupremeCourt.此举足以引起暴♥动♥Thepotentialisforcausingariot.焚烧国旗能引起民众的反感Wheneversomebodydoessomethinglikethistotheflag,peoplegetmad.斯卡利亚法官表示一旦民众被迫要尊敬某种政♥治♥象征JusticeScalia,oncepeoplearecompelledtorespectapoliticalsymbol,那对国旗表达敬意就失去了意义theirrespectfortheflagisquitemeaningless.这是一
43、个划时代的决定Itwasalandmarkdecision.今天美国最高法♥院♥裁定焚烧国旗之举Today,theUSSupremeCourtruledthatburningtheflag.受到第一修正案保护.isarightprotectedbytheFirstAmendment.言论H♥由♥的宪法权利五个法官赞同四个法官反对.constitutionalrighttofreespeech.Therulingwasfivetofour.焚烧国旗的影响力很大Flagburningiseffective,毕竟无论口操什么语言inpartbe
44、cause,regardlessofwhatlanguagepeoplespeak,无论是在南韩还是在中国whethertheyreinSouthKorea,whethertheyreinChina,人们都知道此举是在表达政♥治♥异见theycanunderstandthatthisispoliticaldissent.自国旗保护♥法♥被推♥翻♥后Sincethatlawwasoverturned,美国国旗变得更无所不在theUSflaghasonlybecomemoreomnipresent.一项调杳显示十个
45、美国人中就有六个Inonesurvey,sixintenAmericanssaid抑或在家抑或在办公室theydisplayedtheflageitherathome,attheiroffice,抑或在车上展示国旗orontheircar.爰国主义情怀Acultureofpatriotism能作为抵抗canbeashieldofprotection潜在或既有外敌的保护罩againstaperceivedorveryrealenemy.911事件过后发生了三件大事After9/11,threethingshappened.人们开始去教堂Peoplewenttochurch,去捐血、去买&hear
46、ts;♥国旗theygaveblood,andtheyboughtaflag.沃尔玛百货公♥司♥在911当天总共卖♥♥出了11.6万面国旗Walmartreportedlysold116,000flagsonSeptemberIlth隔天卖♥♥出了25万面国旗and250,000thenextday,销量是往年同一时期的20倍以上morethan20timestheamountsoldonthosedaystheyearbefore.乔治沃克布♥什♥与其助手也都纷纷戴上
47、国旅别针AndGeorgeW.Bushandhisaidesdonnedflagpins.911事件发生过后美国国旗飘扬的次数多了Whileourflagwavinggoesupafter9/11,美国的行动thecountrymighthavetakenactions似乎违背了固有认知中thatwerecontrarytotheperceivedvalues国旗所象征的价值观ofwhattheflagrepresented.在2001年对穆&hearts撕&hearts淋♥的仇恨犯罪案HatecrimesagainstMuslimsspikedin2001,比往年增加了16倍16time
