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1、ICS43.140CCSY14GroupStandardTCHINABICYCLEXX202XCarbonfootprintofproducts一Productcategoryrule-Electricbicycle产品碳足迹产品种类规则电动自行车(EnglishTranslation)ISSUe date: 202X-0X-XXImDlementatiOndate:202X-0X-XXIssuedbyChinaBicycleAssociationForewordChinaBicycleAssociationisinchargeofthisEnglishtranslation.Incaseof
2、anydoubtaboutthecontentsofEnglishtranslation,theChineseoriginalshallbeconsideredauthoritative.ThisdocumentisdraftedinaccordancewiththerulesgivenintheGB/T1.12020DirectivesforstandardizationPart1:Rulesforthestructureanddraftingofstandardizingdocuments.Attentionisdrawntothepossibilitythatsomeoftheeleme
3、ntsofthisdocumentmaybethesubjectofpatentrights.Theissuingorganizationofthisdocumentshallnotbeheldresponsibleforidentifyinganyorallsuchpatentrights.ThisdocumentwasproposedandpreparedbyChinaBicycleAssociation.Carbonfootprintofproducts-Productcategoryrule-Electricbicycle1 ScopeThisdocumentspecifiestheb
4、asicrulesandrequirementsforquantificationandinformationexchangeofthegreenhousegasemissionsandremovalsofelectricbicyclesattheproductlevel,includingrequirementsandguidelinesforsystemboundaries,lifecyclestages,datacollectionandinformationexchangeforproducts.Thisdocumentisapplicabletothescopeofcarbonfoo
5、tprintevaluationofelectricbicycleproducts.2 NormativereferencesTherearenonormativereferencesinthisdocument.3 TermsanddefinitionsForthepurposesofthisdocument,thefollowingtermsanddefinitionsapply.3.1greenhousegasGHGgaseousconstituentoftheatmosphere,bothnaturalandanthropogenic,thatabsorbsandemitsradiat
6、ionatspecificwavelengthswithinthespectrumofinfraredradiationemittedbytheearthssurface,theatmosphereandclouds.Note:Unlessotherwisespecified,greenhousegasesinthisdocumentincludecarbondioxide(CO2),methane(CH4),nitrousoxide(N2O),hydrofluorocarbons(HFCs),perfluorocarbons(PFCs),sulfurhexafluoride(SFe)1and
7、nitrogentrifluoride(NF3).Source:GB/T321502015,3.13.2electricbicyclebicycle,equippedwithanon-boardbatteryasanauxiliaryenergysource,capableofpedalriding,electricassistedorelectricdrivenSource:GB177612018,3.13.3lifecycleconsecutiveandinterlinkedstagesrelatedtoaproductsystem,fromrawmaterialacquisitionor
8、generationfromnaturalresourcestofinaldisposalSource:GB/T240402008,3.13.4lifecycleassessment1.CAcompilationandevaluationoftheinputs,outputsandthepotentialenvironmentalimpactsofaproductsystemthroughoutitslifecycleSource:GB/T240402008,3.23.5carbonfootprintofaproductvariousGHGemissionsofaproductthrougho
9、utitslifecycle,i.e.,thesumofGHGemissionsandremovalsatallstagesfromrawmaterialacquisition,manufacturing,distribution,use,anddisposal/recycling3.6assessmentofcarbonfootprintofaproducttheprocessofcalculatingandevaluatingthecarbonfootprintofaproductaccordingtoagreedevaluationguidelinesanddocumentingit3.
10、7productcategorygroupofproductsthatcanfulfilequivalentfunctionsSource:GB/T240252009,3.123.8carbondioxideequivalentCO2eunitforcomparingtheradiativeforcingofaGHGtothatofcarbondioxideNote:Thecarbondioxideequivalentofagreenhousegasisequaltothemassofagivengasmultipliedbyitsglobalwarmingpotential.Source:G
11、B/T321502015,3.163.9globalwarmingpotentialGWPacoefficientthatrelatestheeffectoftheradiationintensityofaunitmassofagreenhousegasinagiventimeperiodtotheeffectoftheradiationintensityofanequivalentamountofcarbondioxideSource:GB/T321502015,3.153.10emissionfactorafactorthatcharacterizestheamountofgreenhou
12、segasemissionsperunitofproductionorconsumptionactivitySource:GB/T321502015,3.133.11greenhousegasemissiontotalreleaseamountofgreenhousegases(inmassunits)intotheatmosphereinagiventimeperiod3.12functionalunitquantifiedperformanceofaproductsystemforuseasareferenceunitSource:GB/T240402008,3.203.13systemb
13、oundarysetofcriteriaspecifyingwhichunitprocessesarepartofaproductsystemSource:GB/T240402008,3.323.14activitydataatabulatedvalueoftheamountofproductionorconsumptionactivitythatresultsingreenhousegasemissionsNote:Suchastheconsumptionofacertainfossilfuel,theuseofrawmaterials,purchasedelectricity,purcha
14、sedheat,etc.Source:GB/T321502015,3.123.15dataqualitycharacteristicsofdatathatrelatetotheirabilitytosatisfystatedrequirementsSource:GB/T240402008,3.193.16cut-offcriteriaspecificationoftheamountofmaterialorenergyfloworthelevelofenvironmentalsignificanceassociatedwithunitprocessesorproductsystemtobeexc
15、ludedfromastudySource:GB/T240402008,3.183.17allocationpartitioningtheinputoroutputflowsofaprocessoraproductsystembetweentheproductsystemunderstudyandoneormoreotherproductsystemsSource:GB/T240402008,3.173.18verificationconfirmation,throughtheprovisionofobjectiveevidence,thatspecifiedrequirementshaveb
16、eenfulfilledSource:GB/T190002016,3.8.124 PrinciplesandrequirementsItisappropriatetouseLifeCycleAssessment(LCA)techniquesforevaluatingandquantifyingthecarbonfootprintofelectricbicycleproducts.QuantificationandcommunicationofGHGemissionsandremovalsattheproductlevelforelectricbicycle.Thisdocumentshallb
17、eusedinitsentiretyiftheuserclaimstomeettherequirementsofthisdocument.Theevaluationandquantificationofthecarbonfootprintofelectricbicycleproductsshallcoverthewholelifecycleoftheproduct,includingthestagesofrawmaterialacquisition,production,distribution,use,anddisposal.Duringtheevaluationofproductcarbo
18、nfootprint1theprinciplesofrelevance,completeness,consistency,accuracy,andtransparencyshallbeconsidered.Iftheproductcarbonfootprintevaluationandquantificationresultsbasedonthisdocumentareusedforexternalcommunicationtothepublic,theusershallsimultaneouslydiscloseallthespecificinformationoftheproductspe
19、cifiedinthisdocument.5 Productcategoryanddescription5.1 ProductcategoryThecompositionoftheelectricbicycleshallincludemotor,battery,electricalsystem,frameandironpartssystem,steeringsystem,brakingsystem,drivingandtransmissionsystem,appearancesystem,etc.oralternativesWithequalfunction.5.2 Productdescri
20、ptionElectricbicycleproductdescriptionsshallenabletheusertoclearlyidentifytheproduct,includingbutnotlimitedto:a) Productname;b) Productinformation;c) Productionplantandaddress;d) Manufactureandaddress(whenthemanufacturerandproductionplantaredifferentorganizationsorcorporations);e) ProductsCCCcertifi
21、cationnumber;f) ProductsCCCcertificationmark;g) Productschematicdiagram;h) Productsmaintechnicalandperformanceparameters.6 Productfunctionalunit,GHGscategoriesandemissionsources6.1 ProductfunctionalunitTravelserviceprovidedperunitofmileagetraveledduringthelifecycleofanelectricbicycle.Anexampleofdete
22、rminingtheproductfunctionalunitisthetravelserviceprovidedbyanelectricbicycletraveling1km.6.2 GHGscategoriesThecarbonfootprintevaluationofelectricbicycleproductsshallincludethefollowinggreenhousegaseswithinthelifecycle:carbondioxide(CO2),methane(CH4),nitrousoxide(N2O),hydrofluorocarbons(HFCs),perfluo
23、rocarbons(PFCs),sulfurhexafluoride(SF)andnitrogentrifluoride(NF3).6.3 EmissionsourcesTheGHGemissionsourcesinvolvedinthecarbonfootprintevaluationofelectricbicycleproductsasGHGemissionsfromvariousstages,processes,inputsandoutputswithintheproductlifecycle,includingbutnotlimitedto:a) Energyuse;b) Combus
24、tionprocesses;c) Chemicalreactions;d) 1.ossesofrefrigerantandotherfugitivegases;e) Operation;f) Serviceprovisionanddelivery;g) Wastes.7 Systemboundary7.1 ProductlifecycleprocessTheelectricbicycleisaconsumerend-useproduct,andthesystemboundaryisestablishedfortheentirebusiness-consumerlifecycleprocess,
25、i.e.,fromtheacquisitionofrawmaterialstotheendofthelifecycleofproductdisposal,asshowninFigure1.Figure1DiagramofwholelifecyclesystemboundaryofanelectricbicycleNote:Dependingontheactualsituationofthesupplychainordifferentproductionfunctionsettings,eachproductionplantmayhavesomeoralloftheintermediatemat
26、erials,pre-processing,andpartsproductionincludedintherawmaterialacquisitionstage.AnexampleoftheproducingcasesisshowninFigure1.7.2 Productlifecyclestages7.2.1 RawmaterialacquisitionTherawmaterialacquisitionstagebeginswiththeacquisitionofresourcesfromnatureandendswiththearrivalofrawmaterialsattheprodu
27、ctmanufacturingplant.Thisstageincludes：a) Extractionandprocessingoffinalproducts,rawmaterialssuchassteel,plastics,rubber,etc.;b) Pre-treatmentandpre-processingofrawmaterials,transportationofrawmaterialsandpackagingmaterialsfromsupplierstotheproductionsite:c) Processingofpartsandcomponentsoutsidethep
28、roductionplant(ifany);d) Others.7.2.2 ManufacturingThemanufacturingphasebeginswhenrawmaterialsandproductparts(ifany)entertheproductionplantandendswhentheproductsleavetheproductionplantuponcompletionofproduction.Thisstageincludes:a) Theproductionandprocessingofeachrawmaterialandeachproductpartandcomp
29、onent;b) Transportationintheproductionprocess;c) Assemblyandinstallation;d) Inspectionandpackaging;e) Productionprocesswastedisposal;f) Othermanufacturingprocesses.7.2.3 DistributionThedistributionphasebeginswhentheproductleavestheproductionplantandendswhentheconsumeracquiresit.Thisstageincludes:a)
30、Alltypesoftransportationbetweentheproductionplantandthedistributiondestination;b) Transshipmentandstorage;c) Wholesaleandretail;d) Others.7.2.4 UseTheusestagebeginswhentheproductisacquiredbytheconsumerandendswhentheproductisdiscardedandtransportedtoadisposalpoint.Thisstageincludes:a) Electricitycons
31、umedintheusestage;b) Repairandmaintenance;c) Others.7.2.5 WastedisposalThewastedisposalstagebeginswiththetransportationofwasteelectricbicyclestothewastedisposalpointandendswithwastedisposalorreuse.Thisstageincludes:a) Wastecollectiontransportationandmanagement;b) Wastedisassembly,crushingandclassifi
32、cation;c) Transportationofwasteparts;d) Recycling;e) Otherrecyclinganddisposalprocesses.7.3 SystemboundaryexclusionTheproductsystemboundaryshallexcludeProcessesemissionsthatarenotdirectlyrelatedtoassessingtheproduct,including:a) Humanphysicalenergyinputtotheprocessesand/orpre-treatmentprocesses;b) T
33、ransportationofconsumerstoandfromretailpurchaselocations;c) Employeecommutertransportation;d) 1.ivestockfortransportationservices;e) Plantcapitalgoods;f) Groupactivitiesandservices(e.g.,R&D,marketing);g) Auxiliaryoperations(e.g.,facilitylighting,officeairconditioning).Aprocessmaybeexcludedfromthesys
34、temboundaryifallofthefollowingconditionsaremet:a) Datagapsoccurwhenprimaryorsecondarydatacannotbecollected;b) Theextrapolatedandrepresentativedatacannotbeconfirmedandthusthedatagapscannotbefilled;c) Thedataisconfirmedinsignificantbyestimation.8Data8.1CalculationmethodThecarbonfootprintevaluationofel
35、ectricbicycleproductsiscalculatedaccordingtoEquation(1)andEquation(2).e,=3e,(1)where:EtTotalgreenhousegasemissionsoverthelifecycleoftheproduct,inkilogramsofcarbondioxideequivalent(kgCO2e)；EiTotalgreenhousegasemissionsateachstageoftheproductlifecycle,inkilogramsofcarbondioxideequivalent(kgCO2e)；istag
36、eswithintheproductlifecycle,i=1,2,3,&where,Ei=ADljEFtjGWPi)(2)where：ADActivitydataEFEmissionfactorGWPGlobalwarmingpotentialjDataondifferenttypesofactivitiesineachphaseoftheproductlifecycle,j=l,2,3,k8.2DatacollectionrulesDatacollectionincludesprimaryandsecondarydatacollection.Wherein,priorityisgivent
37、oprimarydatacollection,thatisdirectemissionsdataforallprocessesinwhichtheproductmanufacturingplanthasownership,operation,orcontrol,andcontainsdataobtainedfromspecificprocessesandspecificsitesduringthelifecycleoftheevaluatedproduct.Directemissionsdata,processactivitydata,anddataassignedtothecorrespon
38、dingprocessesintheproductarecollectedasprimarydataiftheymeetthisdefinition.Primaryactivitydataarerequirednottobeappliedtodownstreamemissionsources.Primarydataarecollectedasfollows:a) Directlymonitoredorrecorded,e.g.,massofrawmaterialsandcomponentsconsumedduringtheproductionphase(kg);b) Consumptionof
39、electricalenergy(kWh)foraprocess,e.g.:distributionofelectricalenergyconsumptionbasedontargetproducts;c) Datafromfirst-partyorthird-partylaboratorytestresults,e.g.,rangevaluesperkilowatt-hour;d) Volume(L)ormass(kg)offossilfuelconsumedinaprocess.Primarydatacanalsobecollected,ifpossible,forallprocesses
40、inwhichtheproductionplantdoesnothaveownership,managementorcontrolright,toensuredataquality.Whereprimarydatacannotbecollected,secondarydatamaybeused,includingliterature,calculated,estimated,orotherrepresentativedata;preferenceisgiventosecondarydatafrompeer-reviewedpublications,aswellasdatafromotherqu
41、alifiedsources(officialUNpublicationsorUN-supportedOrganizationspublications).Datathatdonotmeetthedefinitionofprimarydataarecollectedassecondarydata,whicharecollectedasfollows:a) Officiallypublishedlife-cycleGHGemissionsdataforarawmaterialorproductcomponentbygovernments,administrativedepartments,ind
42、ustryassociations,researchinstitutes,etc;b) 1.CAsoftwaredatabaserecognizedbyinternationalorgovernments;c) 1.iteraturedata,empiricalvaluesofexpertsintheindustry;d) Averageoffuelconsumptionforaprocessobtainedfromlifecycledatabases;e) Industryaveragekilogramsofmaterialenteredforaprocess;f) 1.ifecycleda
43、taforthetargetproduct,usingasanapproximationtheelectricalenergyconsumedwithinanothersimilarprocess;g) Dataforasimilarprocessoractivitycontrolledbytheproductionplantoritssuppliers.Iftheproductisproducedcontinuously,datacollectiononGHGemissionsshallcontinueforatleastoneyear.Iftheproductisproducedandso
44、ldinashortercycleanddoesnotlastmorethanoneyear,datacollectiononGHGemissionsshalllastforatleastonequarter.Thedataprovided,whetherprimaryorsecondary,shallbeprovidedwithsourcesandsupportinginformation.Primarydatashallalsobereproducible,suchasproductionreports,invoices,originalrecordforms,textsofdatarel
45、easedocuments,etc.1.3 DataqualityrequirementsIndeterminingtheprimaryandsecondarydatausedintheproductcarbonfootprintevaluationprocess,dataqualityrequirementsshallbespecified,andtherequirementsshallincludethefollowing:a) Temporalcoverage:priorityshallbegiventotheyearofthedataandtheshortesttimeperiodfo
46、rwhichthedataarecollected,aswellastemporaldataforthespecificproductbeingevaluated;b) Geographicalcharacteristics:priorityshallbegiventodataspecifictotheproductforwhichthedataarecollectedinthegeographicalarea(e.g.,district,region);c) Technicalcoverage:priorityshallbegiventowhetherthedataareforaspecif
47、ictechnologyoramixedsetoftechnologies,andtothespecifictechnicaldatafortheproduct(e.g.,thestandardmethodusedinrangevaluesperkilowatt-hourtestduringtheusephase);d) Accuracyofinformation(e.g.,data,models,andassumptions),priorityshallbegiventothemostaccuratedata;e) Accuracy:priorityshallbegiventotherang
48、eofvariability(e.g.,variance)ofeachdatarepresentationvalue,aswellastothemoreaccurate(i.e.1withtheloweststatisticalvariance)data;f)Completeness:thepercentageofthedatameasuredandthedegreeofrepresentativenessofthedata(samplingrange,periodicityofmeasurements,etc.);g) Consistency:dataselectionshallbecarriedoutinauniformmanneracrosstheprocessesoftheevaluationanalysis;h) Repr
