《关注甲烷：实现彻底透明化之路（英）_市场营销策划_重点报告202301202_doc.docx》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《关注甲烷：实现彻底透明化之路（英）_市场营销策划_重点报告202301202_doc.docx（206页珍藏版）》请在课桌文档上搜索。
1、UNenvironment即域r三twAneyeonmethaneTheroadtoradicaltransparencyInternationalMethaneEmissionsObservatory2023Report2023UnitedNationsEnvironmentProgrammeISBN:978-92-807-4102-5Jobnumber:DTI2593NADOI:httpswedocs.unep.orghandle20.500.11822/44129Thispublicationmaybereproducedinwholeorinpartandinanyformforedu
2、cationalornon-profitserviceswithoutspecialpermissionfromthecopyrightholder,providedacknowledgementofthesourceismade.TheUnitedNationsEnvironmentProgrammewouldappreciatereceivingacopyofanypublicationthatusesthispublicationasasource.Nouseofthispublicationmaybemadeforresaleoranyothercommercialpurposewha
3、tsoeverwithoutpriorpermissioninwritingfromtheUnitedNationsEnvironmentProgramme.Applicationsforsuchpermission,withastatementofthepurposeandextentofthereproduction,shouldbeaddressedtounep-communication-directorun.org.DisclaimersThedesignationsemployedandthepresentationofthematerialinthispublicationdon
4、otimplytheexpressionofanyopinionwhatsoeveronthepartoftheSecretariatoftheUnitedNationsconcerningthelegalstatusofanycountry,territoryorcityorareaoritsauthorities,orconcerningthedelimitationofitsfrontiersorboundaries.MentionofacommercialcompanyorproductinthisdocumentdoesnotimplyendorsementbytheUnitedNa
5、tionsEnvironmentProgrammeortheauthors.Theuseofinformationfromthisdocumentforpublicityoradvertisingisnotpermitted.Trademarknamesandsymbolsareusedinaneditorialfashionwithnointentiononinfringementoftrademarkorcopyrightlaws.Theviewsexpressedinthispublicationarethoseoftheauthorsanddonotnecessarilyreflect
6、theviewsoftheUnitedNationsEnvironmentProgramme.Weregretanyerrorsoromissionsthatmayhavebeenunwittinglymade.Maps,photosandillustrationsasspecifiedProductionUnitedNationsEnvironmentProgramme(2023).AnEyeonMethane-Theroadtoradicaltransparency:InternationalMethaneEmissionsObservatory.Theelectroniccopyofth
7、isreportcanbedownloadedatWWW.unep.org/methaneSuggestedcitationUnitedNationsEnvironmentProgramme(2023).AnEyeonMethaneTheroadtoradicaltransparency:InternationalMethaneEmissionsObservatory2023.NairobiAcknowledgementsThe report was prepared by (in alphabetical order):Andreea Calcan, Manfredi Caltagirone
8、, Martin Cermak, Meghan Demeter, Ricardo Alonso Esparza Gamez, Giulia Ferrini, Robert Field, James Lawrence France, Stephen Harris, Itziar Irakulis-Loitxate. Malgorzata Kasprzak1 Roland Kupers, Chenchen Lin, Matthew McGee, Tania Meixus Fernandes, Monika Oczkowska, Ruth Oyekunle, Cynthia Randles, Col
9、ette Schissel, Erin Tullos and Daniel Zavala-Araiza.Valuable coordination was provided by Sophie Loran. Editing: Lisa MastnyDesign and layout: David AndradeTheauthorswouldliketothankthefollowingpartnerswhosupportedthisreportwiththeirimportantcontributions,input,commentsandreviews:AndrisPiebalgs,Flor
10、enceSchoolofRegulationStevenHamburg,EnvironmentalDefenseFundEuanNisbet,RoyalHolloway.UniversityofLondon1.enaHdglundIsaksson,InternationalInstituteforAppliedSystemsAnalysisPaulWennberg,CaliforniaInstituteofTechnologyShamilMaksyutov,NationalInstituteforEnvironmentalStudiesJapanMatthewBaldwin,AlessiaCl
11、occhiatti,BrendanDevlin,CristinaLobilloBorrero,MalcolmMcDowell,DinkoRaytchevandJoanaSimaoCosta,EuropeanCommission(Directorate-GeneralEnergy)CristenAdams,DianeDeKerckove,MarcD,loroandCatherineSteward,EnvironmentandClimateChangeCanadaRickDuke,JonathanMoch,DanielRochbergandClareWang,U.S.DepartmentofSta
12、teHiroshiHashimoto,InstituteforEnergyEconomics,JapanSheilaAggarwal-Khan,GeordieColville,AndreaHinwood,MartinaOttoandNathanBogford-Parnell,UNEnvironmentProgrameUNEP,sIMEOgratefullyacknowledgesitsdonors:theEuropeanCommission,theGlobalMethaneHub,theBezosEarthFund,thegovernmentoftheUnitedStatesofAmerica
13、andthegovernmentofCanada.TableofContentsAcknowledgementsiiiAbbreviationsviForewordviiImeoataglanceViiiExecutiveSummaryiIMEOGROWSITSIMPACTiUNLOCKINGTHEMETHANEDATAREVOLUTIONBETTERDATA,ONGOINGACTION1. ACLIMATEDATAREVOLUTIONI1.1 IThethresholdofaneweraI1.2 Accountabilityandagency21.3 Mindthe31.4 TheIMEOd
14、atatimeline41.5 Expandingtoallfivesectors51.6 Reducingtheclimatefootprintofsteel62. ANINNOVATIVENEWGLOBALSYSTEMTOIDENTIFYMETHANEEMISSIONS72.1 Fourcross-cuttingcomponentswillleadtorealemissionsreductions82.2 MARSpilotphase92.3 MARScasestudy:successfulmitigationIO3. OGMP2.0:RADICALTRANSPARENCYINTHEOIL
15、ANDGASSECTOR113.1 RobustgrowthforOGMP2.0113.2 Acommunityofpractice173.3 Dataqualityanduncertainty173.4 Findings:emissionsbyregion193.5 Findings:quantificationmethodologies193.6 Companyhighlights213.7 Companyperformancetargets233.8 Divestment234. METHANESCIENCEUPDATE244.1 IMEO,sscienceapproach244.2 O
16、ilandGasMethaneScienceStudies254.3 CoalMethaneScienceStudies254.4 1.ookingforward265. BUILDINGCAPACITYINGOVERNMENTSTOADDRESSMETHANEEMISSIONS335.1 Importanceofengaginggovernmentstakeholders335.2 Overviewoftrainingprogrammeofferanddelivery335.3 Engagingtheinventorycommunity355.4 Implementationcasestud
17、y:successfulmitigation35ANNEXI.OGMP2.0COMPANYREPORTSFOR202236BIBLIOGRAPHY129ListsofTables,FiguresandBoxesTable 1. IMEOdataintegrationfive-yearplan,2023-20276Table 2. Summaryofenergysector(coal,oilandgas)methaneemissionsdetectedbyMARS,byregion,inthefirstsevenmonthsof20239Table 3. CoverageofOGMP2.0mem
18、berassets15Table 4. U.S.companymembershipofOGMP2.015Table 5. Emission-weightedaveragereportinglevelsbysegmenttypeandoperatorshipofassets(includesallcompaniesfrom2023)18Table 6. Averagereportinglevelsforcompaniesthatreportedinboth2022and2023(operatedassetsonly)18Table 7. AssetsdivestedbyOGMP2.0member
19、sin202223Table 8. SummaryofIMEO,spublishedandcompletedsciencestudies28Table 9. IMEOinitiatedandongoingstudies30Table 10. OverviewofmodulesforIMEO*sMethaneMitigationTrainingSeries34Figure 1. FourmaincomponentsofMARS8Figure 2. MARSmethaneeventdetectionsinArgentina,2021-2023IOFigure 3. TypicalOGMP2.0jo
20、urneyfortheindustrymembers11Figure 4. OGMP2.0timelineforGoldStandardreportingofmethaneemissions12Figure 5. GrowthinOGMP2.0membership,fromitsinceptionin2020throughMay202313Figure 6. 1.NGsupplychainsharecoveredbyOGMP2.016Figure 7. ShareofoilandgasmethaneemissionsbysegmenttypeasreportedthroughOGMP2.0an
21、dadjustedforsegmentmembershipcoverage17Figure 8. EmissionsreportedthroughOGMP2.0bysegmenttypeandoperatorshipofassets,202218Figure 9. Totalreportedmethaneemissions(tonnes)bysegment,regionandoperatorshipofassets,202219Figure 10. SharesofreportedLevel3andLevel4emissions,bysource,202220Figure 11. Compar
22、isonofreportedLevel3andLevel4emissionssource,inabsoluteterms*202220Figure 12. ChoiceofcompanytargetsamongOGMP2.0members,bysegment,bycompany(notadjustedtoemissionsvolumes)23Figure 13. OngoingandpublishedIMEOstudies24Figure 14. Side-by-sidecomparisonoftheIntisarDassetpre-andpost-actionbyNOCLibya35BoxI
23、.IMEOhighlightsasof2023iBox2.IMEOlookaheadfor2024xBox3.TheMethaneSupplyIndex2Box4.ThefiveOGMP2.0reportinglevels12Box5.OGMP2.0asanindicatorofperformance14Box6.Casestudy:Increasingthedataqualityforamoreeffectivemitigationstrategy20Box7.NordStream:Makingsenseofdiversemethanemeasurements25Box8.Single-bl
24、indvalidationofmethane-sensingtechnologies27AbbreviationsCCACClimateandCleanAirCoalitionCOPConferenceofthePartiesGMPGlobalMethanePledgeIEAInternationalEnergyAgencyIMEOInternationalMethaneEmissionsObservatoryIPCCIntergovernmentalPanelonClimateChangeLNGLiquefiednaturalgasMARSMethaneAlertandResponseSys
25、temMRVMeasurement,reportingandverificationNOCLibyaNationalOilCompanyofLibyaOGMPOilandGasMethanePartnershipROMEORomanianMethaneEmissionsfromOil&GasTGDTechnicalGuidanceDocumentUNEPUnitedNationsEnvironmentProgrammeForewordMethaneemissionsstemmingfromhumanactivitiescontributeathirdoftheglobalwarmingbein
26、gexperiencedtoday.Nomattertheworldschosendecarbonizationpath,curbingmethanealongsidecarbondioxideiscrucialforreachingclimatestability.Publichealth,economiclivelihoods,andglobalenergysecurityallstandtobenefitfromfestmethaneactionacrosssectorsfromenergyaswephaseoutfossilfuelsandfromotherslikewasteanda
27、griculture.Reducingmethaneemissionsrepresentsoneofthemostimmediateandcost-effectiveleverswecanpulltoensureclimateprogress.Butdeliveringmethaneactionatthespeedandscalerequireddemandsempiricaldataonwhereandhowemissionsoccur,andhowtheychangeovertime.ThisiswhytheInternationalMethaneEmissionsObservatory(
28、IMEO),aflagshipprojectoftheUnitedNationsEnvironmentProgramme(UNEP),spearheadsdata-driveneffortsinmethanereductionalongsidediversepartnersfromacrosstheeconomy.IMEO,scoremissionistoprovideopen,reliableandactionabledatatotheindividualswhocanacttoreducemethaneemissionsanditexistsatthecoreofthemethanedat
29、aecosystemtoboostaccountabilityandaction.Inclosecollaborationwithscientificpartnersworldwideandinpartnershipwithgovernmentsandindustry,UNEP,throughOGMP2.0,isactivelydefiningtheglobalstandardformethanetransparencyintheoilandgasindustry.Thisisadynamicprocess,asstandardsandpracticeswillcontinuetoevolve
30、asnewmeasurementandmitigationmethodsemerge.UNEPreaffirmsitsunwaveringcommitmenttoexpeditingthereductionofmethaneemissionsastheworldacceleratesthetransitionawayfromfossilfuels.SheilaAggarwal-KhanDirector,IndustryandEconomyDivisionUnitedNationsEnvironmentProgramme4-Reducingmethanepollutionisthefastest
31、waytoslowtherateofglobalwarming.Significantcutsincarbondioxideareimperativeforlongtermclimatehealth,butslashingmethanepollutionwillmaketemperatureslowerthanwe,dotherwiseexperienceinthenextdecade.Astheeffectsofclimatechangebeardownonus,Weneedtospeeddeploymentofeverytoolthatcanlowertheintensityofimpac
32、tsonpeopleandtheplanet,andoilandgasmethaneiscritical.Governmentsandindustryarenowmakingsignificantnewcommitmentstoreducemethanepollution,whichwillleadtogreaterclimatesafetyandhealthiercommunities.Tomaintainthismomentum,weneedreliabledatatogivecountriesandcompaniestheincentiveandthemeanstofindandfixe
33、missionsfaster.Theinformationwillalsoletusknowifthesepledgesarebeingfulfilled.EnvironmentalDefenseFundhaslongadvocatedforascience-basedfocusonmethane.Foroveradecade,wehavesponsoredglobalcampaignstomeasuremethaneacrosstheoilandgasindustryandworkedcloselywithpublic,private,andcivilsocietystakeholderst
34、otacklethisissue.In2024,oursubsidiarywilllaunchMethaneSAT,ahighlyadvancedmethane-trackingsatellitethatcanmeasureemissionsvirtuallyanywhereonEarth.Anycollectivechallengerequiresatrustedsourceofdata,onethatstakeholderscanusetodirecttheiractions.ThisiswhereUNEP,sIMEOcomesin.Toguideactiononmethane,theda
35、tamustbebasedonempiricalmeasurements,notmerelyestimated.EDFisaclosepartnerofUNEP,helpingitsscientificeffortsandsupportingrecruitmentofcompaniesintoitspartnerships.IMEOstandsasanessentialcatalystenablingthosebestpositionedtoacttoreducemethaneemissions.FredKruppPresident,EnvironmentalDefenseFundIMEOat
36、aglance-20唯fceIl20SCientifippaperspublishedMARSnotifications427methaneplumesOGMP2.0-coverage37%ofglobal_oiland二gasproductionT二二二*三T丁*,5*二+Jv、/*-Globalanthropogenicmethaneemissionsareresponsibleforabout30percentoftheEarth,swarmingbeingexperiencedtoday.Reducingtheseemissionsisoneofthefastest,mostcost-
37、effectivewaystoslowthecurrentrateofwarming.RapidgrowthinmethaneemissionsmonitoringandheightenedglobalattentionsetthestageforanunprecedentedlevelOfinformationonhowmuchmethaneisbeingemittedandwherefrom.UNEP,sInternationalMethaneEmissionsObservatoryis1catalysingamethanedatarevolutionandbuildingtheinfra
38、structuretoensurethatdataacceleratesmethaneaction.ExecutiveSummaryAmethanedatarevolutionisjustaroundthecorner,makingitpossibletomovebeyondgenericemissionfactorsthatattempttoestimatethereleaseofmethanepollution,andtoreplacethemwithmoreaccurateempiricalmeasurementsofwhatisactuallyhappeningontheground.
39、Thisiscrucialforeffectivemitigationmeasures.TheInternationalMethaneEmissionsObservatory(IMEO)oftheUnitedNationsEnvironmentProgramme(UNEP)ispoisedtocatalyserapidclimateactioninformedthroughthesenewdata,withaprogrammeofsciencestudies,industrypartnerships,thedesignofarobustmeasurement,reportingandverif
40、ication(MRV)framework,asatellitealertandresponsesystem,andateamofseveraldozenmethaneexperts.IMEOGrowsItsImpactThemissionofUNEP,sInternationalMethaneEmissionsObservatoryistoprovideopen,reliableandactionabledatatotheindividualswhocanacttoreducemethaneemissions.SinceitslaunchattheGroupofTwenty(G20)meet
41、ingin2021,IMEOhasgrownitseffectivenessandimpact(BoxI).Theyear2022sawwidespreadrecognitionoftheimportanceofcurbingmethaneemissions,withincreasedattentioninthemedia,extensivecoverageattheUnitedNationsClimateConferenceinSharmEl-Sheikh,Egypt(COP27)andthegrowthoftheGlobalMethanePledge(GMP).AtCOP28inDubai
42、.UnitedArabEmirates,IMEOhunchedthenewMethaneAlertandResponseSystem(MARS).Thissystemcollectsdatafrommultiplesatellitesandissuesalertstocountriesandcompanieswhenemissionsaredetected.UndertheGMP,morethan150countrieshavecommittedtocollectivelyreducingtheirmethaneemissionsby30percentacrossallsectorsby203
43、0.UNEP,throughIMEOandtheClimateandCleanAirCoalicion(CCAC),isthedesignatedimplementationpartnerfortheGMP.IMEOcollaborateswithgovernments,scientists,satelliteoperatorsandcompaniestointegrateandimprovethequalityofmethaneemissionsdata,withaspecificfocusonidentifyingmitigationopportunities.BoxI.IMEOhighl
44、ightsasof2023,20IMEO-fundedandcoordinatedpeer-reviewedstudieshavebeenpublishedand7studiessubmittedorunderreview.,I14oilandgascompaniescovering37%ofproduction-joinedUNEP,smeasurement,reportingandverificationprogrammeOGMP2.0September2023cut-off.,MethaneAlertandResponseSystem(MARS),launchedatCOP27thasi
45、ssuedalertson127plumestotheresponsibleauthorities.,Methanedataplatformisunderdesign.,Fundingissecuredforbaselinestudiesthatwillprovideanempiricalandactionableassessmentofemissionsacrossmethane-emittingsectorsforselectedcountries.UnlockingtheMethaneDataRevolutionGlobalanthropogenicmethaneemissionsare
46、responsibleforabout30percentoftheEarth,swarmingbeingexperiencedtoday(UNEP,CCACandInternationalEnergyAgencyIEA2023).Inmanycases,emissionreductionscanbeachievedinacost-effectivemannerusingexistingtechnologies.Giventheshort-termwarmingimpactofmethaneemissions,rapidreductionoftheseemissionsisessentialto
47、meetagreedclimatetargetsunderanyscenarioforglobaldecarbonization.Methaneisprimarilyemittedintheenergy,agriculture,andwastesectors,withtheenergysectorofferingthegreatestpotentialforrapidcost-effectivemitigation.ThisiswhyUNEP,sIMEOhaschosenthissectorforitsinitialfocus.Scientificstudiesbasedonglobalatmosphericobservationsestimatethattotalanthropogenicmethaneemissionsfromtheoilandgassectorareintherangeof80-140milliontonnesperyear.However,si
