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1、美国名人画家乔治娅欧姬芙Georgia0,Keeffeplaystopmutemaxvolume00:00-14:46repeatByCatyWeaver2004-9-11(THEME)VOICEONE:mGwenOuten.VOICETWO:AndmSteveEmberwithPeopleinAmericainVOASpecialEnglish.Todaywetellaboutoneofthegreatestpaintersofthetwentiethcentury,GeorgiaOKeeffe.(THEME)VOICEONE:Americahasproducedmanygreatpaint
2、ersinthepastone-hundredyears.GeorgiaOKeeffeisoneofthemostpopularandeasilyrecognizedartists.Peopledonotmistakeherworkforanyoneelse,s.Peoplecanimmediatelyidentifyherpaintingsofhuge,colorfulflowersorbonesindream-likedeserts.GeorgiaOKeeffesaidshedidnotknowhowshegottheideatobeanartist.But,shesaidztheidea
3、cameearly.Sherememberedannouncingwhenshewastwelveyearsoldthatsheplannedtobeanartist.VOICETWO:Georgiawasbornineighteeneightyseven,thesecondofsevenchildren.HerparentsweresuccessfulfarmersinthemiddlewesternstateofWisconsin.Georgiasmotheralsohadculturalinterests.ShemadesurethatGeorgiaandhersistersstudie
4、dartzinadditiontotheirusualschoolsubjects.BythetimeGeorgiawassixteen,theOKeeffefamilyhadmovedtoWilliamsburgzVirginia.AfterGeorgiafinishedschool,sheattendedtheArtInstituteofChicago,Illinois.Georgiawasespeciallypleasedwiththehelpshegotfromherteacher,JohnVanderpoel.ShelaterwrotethatJohnVanderpoelwasone
5、ofthefewrealteacherssheknew.VOICEONE:Innineteen-oh-sevenzOKeeffebeganayearattheArtStudentsLeagueinNewYorkCity.ThefamouspainterWilliamMerrittChasewasoneofherteachers.ChasehadagreatinfluenceonOKeeffesearlyartisticdevelopment.Shedescribedhimasfreshzfullofenergyandfierce.Sheseemedtounderstandandagreewit
6、hhisstyleofpainting.Then,innineteen-oh-eightzGeorgiaOKeeffelefttheworldoffineart.ShemovedbacktoChicagoandworkedintheadvertisingbusiness.Shedrewpicturesofproductstobesold.HerparentshadbeenstrugglingfinanciallyforsometimeinVirginia.Laterzhermotherbecamesickwithtuberculosis.Somearthistorianssuspectthes
7、ewerethemainreasonsGeorgiaOKeeffespentfouryearsinbusinessinsteadofcontinuingherstudies.(MUSIC)VOICETWO:Innineteentwelve,OKeeffereturnedtoartschoolattheUniversityofVirginiainCharlottesville.ArtistandteacherArthurWesleyDowtaughtthatartshouldfillspaceinabeautifulway.Thistheoryinfluencedandchangedherwor
8、k.OKeefealsolearnedabouttheRussianpainterWassilyKandinsky.Hewantedartiststorepresenttheinnerspiritinouterthings.OKeeffeconsideredKandinsky1Swritingsatreasure.Shereadthemthroughoutherlife.VOICEONE:Innineteenfifteen,GeorgiaOKeeffedecidedthatmuchofwhatshehadbeentaughtinartschoolwasoflittlevalue.Shedeci
9、dedtohangrecentworkshehaddoneonthewallofherhome.Sheexamineditanddidnotfindherselfintheart.Shewrotethatshehadbeentaughttoworklikeothers.Shedecidedthenthatshewouldnotspendherlifedoingwhathadalreadybeendone.GeorgiaOKeeffebegantosearchforherownstyle.Sheusedonlycharcoal,theblackmaterialmadefromburnedwood
10、.Inherbookaboutherlife,shewrotethatshedecidedtolimitherselftocharcoaluntilshefoundshereallyneededcolortodowhatsheneededtodo.Shewrotethatsixmonthslatershefoundsheneededthecolorblue.SheuseditforawatercolorpaintingshecalledBlueLines.VOICETWO:GeorgiaOKeeffehadmetthefamousartcriticandphotographerAlfredSt
11、ieglitz(STEEG-Iits)athisNewYorkCitygalleryinnineteen-oh-eight.Theirfriendshipgrewastheywroteletterstoeachother.Innineteenfifteen,OKeeffetoldafriendthatshewantedherarttopleaseAlfredStieglitzmorethananyoneelse.ThatfriendshowedOKeeffescharcoaldrawingstoStieglitz.Stieglitzlikedherdrawingsenoughtoshowthe
12、minhisartgallery,calledTwoNinetyOne.VOICEONE:AlfredStieglitzwasamajorforcebehindshowsofGeorgiaOKeeffesworkforthenexttwenty-fiveyears.Herfirstindividualshowathisgallerywaswellreceived.Shesoldherfirstpieceatthatshowinnineteenseventeen.StieglitzbecameOKeeffesstrongestsupporter.Sevenyearslaterhebecamehe
13、rhusband.Hewastwenty-fouryearsolderthanhisnewwife.TherelationshipbetweenGeorgiaOKeeffeandAlfredStieglitzwasnotaneasyone.OKeeffeoncesaidthattoherhewasmuchmorewonderfulinhisworkthanasahumanbeing.Butzshealsosaidshelovedhimforwhatseemedclearandbrightandwonderful.Thetworemainedmarrieduntilhisdeathinninet
14、eenfortysix.(MUSIC)VOICETWO:GeorgiaOKeeffealsohadalongloverelationshipwiththesouthwesternpartoftheUnitedStates.Thedesertenvironmentwasthesubjectofmanyofherpaintings.OKeeffehadmovedtothestateofTexaswhenshewastwenty-five.Sheacceptedatwo-yearpositionassupervisorofartinthepublicschoolsofAmariIIozTexas.1
15、.ater,shetaughtinasmalltown.Shewroteaboutlongwalksonnarrowpathsinacanyonnearthattown.Thedangerousclimbsinandoutofthecanyonwerelikenothingshehadknownbefore.Shewrotethatmanypaintingscamefromexperienceslikethat.Inonesuchpainting,thecanyonisshownasahugedeepholeofmanycolors-redszorangesandyellows.Itlooks
16、asifitisonfire.Thecanyonfillsmostofthepicture.Asmallareaofblueskyinthedistancelendsadditionaldepthtothepicture.VOICEONE:Innineteenthirty,GeorgiaOKeeffebeganspendingmostofhersummersinthestateofNewMexico.Shecalleditthefaraway.Shepaintedbigpicturesofdesertflowersandthehighrockyhills.Shealsobegantopaint
17、picturesofthebonesshefoundduringwalksnearhersummerhome.Mostofherpaintingssharethequalitiesoflargenessofsubjectandrichnessofcolor.Theartistdiscussedthosetwoqualitiesinherbook,calledGeorgiaOKeefe.Shewrotethatcolorismoreexactinmeaningthanwords.Later,shewrotethatshefoundshecouldsaythingswithcolorandshap
18、ethatshecouldnotexpressinwords.Shealsospokeofaspecialneedtopainthersubjectslargerthantheyareinlife.Sheseemedtowanttoforcepeopletoseemoredeeplyintoobjectssuchasflowers.Shetriedtoshowthedifferentshapesandcolorswithinasingleflower.TheartistsaidshewouldmakeevenbusyNewYorkerstaketimetoseewhatshesawinflow
19、ers.VOICETWO:OKeeffewasangeredbysomecriticismofherworkovertheyears.Sherejectedcriticsclaimsthattherewasdeepsexualmeaninginherpaintingsofflowers.Shesaidthatpeoplelinkedtheirownexperienceofaflowertoherpaintings.Shesuggestedthatcriticswroteaboutherflowerpaintingsasiftheyknewwhatshewasseeingandthinking.
20、But,shesaid,theydidnotknow.GeorgiaOKeeffealwaysarguedthatwhatothersthinkoftheartistsworkisnotimportant.Sheoncewrotetoafriend,.lldoasIplease.VOICEONE:GeorgiaOKeeffeboughtherfirsthouseinNewMexicoinnineteenforty.AfterAlfredStieglitzdied,shemovedtothefarawaypermanently.ShelivedinNewMexicofortherestofher
21、life.Intheearlynineteenseventies,OKeeffebeganlosinghersightbecauseofaneyedisease.Shestoppedworkingwithoilpaints,butcontinuedtoproducewatercolorpaintings.Aroundthesametime,shemetayoungartistwhowouldbecomeveryimportanttoher.JuanHamiltonmadepottery,objectsofclay.HebecameOKeeffesassistantandfriend.Theya
22、lsotravelledtogether.Butintheearlynineteen-eightiesGeorgiaOKeeffeshealthfailedseverely.Shediedinnineteen-eighty-si.Shewasninety-eight.VOICETWO:GeorgiaOKeefereceivedmanyhonorsduringherlonglife.PresidentGeraldFordpresentedherwiththeMedalofFreedominnineteen-seventy-seven.Eightyearslater,PresidentRonald
23、ReaganawardedhertheNationalMedalofArts.Studentsandexpertscontinuetostudyandwriteaboutherwork.Herpaintingsareshownaroundtheworld.And,morethanone-millionpeoplehavevisitedtheGeorgiaOKeeffeMuseuminNewMexicosinceitopenedinnineteen-ninety-seven.(THEME)VOICEONE:ThisprogramwaswrittenbyCatyWeaver.ItwasproducedbyLawanDavis.mGwenOuten.VOICETWO:AndmSteveEmber.ListenagainnextweekforPeopleInAmericainVOASpecialEnglish.
