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1、美国名人报纸发行人威廉伦道夫赫斯特WilliamRandolphHearstz1863-1951:HeCreatedWhatWasOncetheNationsLargestNewspaperOrganizationplaystopmutemaxvolume00:00-17:04repeatByCynthiaKirk2007-6-23ANNOUNCER:WelcometotheVOASpecialEnglishprogramPEOPLEINAMERICA.Today,SteveEmberandRichKleinfeldttellaboutAmericanpublisher.MisterHears
2、tcreatedwhatwasoncethenationslargestnewspaperorganization.HeboughtnewspapersinmanyareasoftheUnitedStates.Hespentmillionsofdollarstogainreadersinsometimesshockingways.HeforeverchangedtheAmericannewspaperbusiness.(MUSIC)VOICEONE:WilliamRandolphHearstwasborninSanFranciscoineighteensixty-three.Hewastheo
3、nlychildofGeorgeHearstandPhoebeAppersonHearst.Hisfatherbecamerichbydevelopingmines.Hismotherwasaphilanthropistwhogavehertimeandmoneytohelpothers.WilliamRandolphHearsthadeverythinghewantedasachild.But,hewasarebel.Ineighteeneighty-five,hewasexpelledfromHarvard,oneofthebestuniversitiesinAmerica,forplay
4、ingajokeonaprofessor.GeorgeHearstwantedhissontotakecontrolofdevelopingtheminesorthelandheowned.ButWilliamhadotherdesires.HebecameinterestedinnewspaperswhileatHarvard.HestartedworkingasareporterfortheNewYorkWorldnewspaperownedbyJosephPulitzer.VOICETWO:GeorgeHearstownedtheSanFranciscoExaminernewspaper
5、.Buthewasmoreinterestedinpoliticsthaninnewspaperpublishing.Ineighteeneighty-seven,GeorgeHearstbecameaUnitedStatessenator.HegavecontrolofthenewspapertohissonWilliamwhowastwenty-three.WilliamRandolphHearstwantedtocreateanewspaperthatpeoplewouldtalkabout.Heworkedlonghoursandputhighenergyintohisnewspape
6、r.Heemployedsomeofthebestreportersandwritershecouldfind.And,hepaidthemthehighestwages.MisterHearstimprovedtheappearanceofhisnewspaperandboughtmodernequipment.Healsoimprovedrelationswithadvertisers.Advertiserspaytohavetheirproductsshowninnewspaperstoincreasesales.Newspapersprofitfromthemoneypaidbyadv
7、ertisers.NewsstoriesintheSanFranciscoExaminerwerewrittenwithforce,energyandexcitement.Somestorieswerewrittentoshockreadersandaffectthememotionally.However;thestoriesweresimpleandeasytoread.MisterHearstbelievedindoingwhateverittooktogetreaders.Hisnewspaperpolicywas:makethenewscomplete;printallthenews
8、;shortenitifnecessary,butgetitin.ThatbecamethepolicyinnewsroomsacrossAmerica.VOICEONE:Byeighteenninety-one,theSanFranciscoExaminerhadthreetimesmorereadersandadvertisersthanwhenMisterHearsttookcontrolofthenewspaper.Inlessthanfiveyears,WilliamRandolphHearstmadethenewSanFranciscoExaminerahugesuccess.Mi
9、sterHearstrepeatedhissuccessinNewYorkCity.Heborrowedfivemilliondollarsfromhismothertopurchaseasecondnewspaper;theNewYorkJournal.Inhisfirsttwomonths,heincreasedthenumberofcopiessoldfromthirtythousandtoonehundredthousand.JosephPulitzerwasaverysuccessfulpublisherinNewYork.MisterHearstsharedMisterPulitz
10、ersexcitementandenergyaboutthenewspaperbusiness.Duringtheeighteennineties,MisterHearstandMisterPulitzerbeganafiercenewspaperwar.MisterHearsthiredmanyreportersfromMisterPulitzersNewYorkWorldnewspaper.Hepaidthemmorethantwotimesasmuchastheyhadbeenearning.HealsoreducedthepriceofhisnewspaperbelowMisterPu
11、litzers.VOICETWO:MisterHearstwonreadersbymakingthenewsmoreexcitingandentertaining.Hecreatedakindofnewspaperreportingknowntodayasyellowjournalism.Newseventsweremadetoseemgreaterthantheyreallywere.Hismethodswentbeyondwhatwouldbeacceptedtodayinmajornewspapers.Criticssaidhisnewspaperswereonlyforentertai
12、nment.Yetmanyothernewspaperstriedtocopyhismethods.MisterHearstattackedbigbusinessesanddishonestpoliticiansinhisnewspapers.Therewerealsoreportsaboutse,murderandothercrimes.Hisnewspapersbecameavoiceforworkingpeopleandthepoor.Hisinfluencegrewacrossthenationthroughhisnewspapersandthemagazinesheboughtorb
13、egan.VOICEONE:ManyexpertssayMisterHearstsreportingmethodsandhisbattlewithMisterPulitzerforreadersledtotheSpanish-AmericanWar.Ineighteenninety-eight,theUnitedStatesfoughtSpaintohelpthepeopleofCubagainindependencefromSpain.MisterHearstsnewspapershadaccusedSpainofsinkingtheAmericanbattleshipMaineandkil
14、lingtwohundredfiftysailors.Thisincreasedpublicsupportforthewar.However,itstillisnotknownhowtheshipsank.ThewargreatlyincreasedreadersfortheHearstpublications.MisterHearstsbattlewithcompetitorswidenedafterthewar.SomenewspapersblamedhimwhenPresidentWilliamMcKinleywasmurderedinnineteen-oh-one.Theassassi
15、nationhappenedafteroneoftheHearstnewspapersseemedtosuggestkillingMisterMcKinley.(MUSIC)VOICETWO:Intheearlynineteenhundreds,WilliamRandolphHearstbecamedeeplyinvolvedinpolitics.HerepresentedNewYorkintheUnitedStatesHouseofRepresentativesfromnineteen-oh-threetonineteen-oh-seven.Innineteen-oh-foGheunsucc
16、essfullysoughttheDemocraticnominationforpresident.HealsofailedinhiscampaignstobecomegovernorofNewYorkormayorofNewYorkCity.MisterHearsthadhopedtochangethewaythingswerebeingdoneinNewYorkCity.HehopedtodefeatdishonestNewYorkCitypoliticianswhocontrolledthecityatthetime.MisterHearstalsocampaignedagainstbi
17、gbusiness.Hesupportedlaborunionsandgovernmentownershipofpublicutilities,railroads,andotherbigcompanies.And,hesoughtpoliticalreformandthereturnofeconomiccompetitioninthecountry.VOICEONE:MisterHearstsopponentsaccusedhimofbeingdisloyaltohiscountrybecauseofhissupportforGermanyduringthefirstyearsofWorldW
18、arOne.HewasopposedtoAmericaninvolvementinthewar.MisterHearstwassharplycriticizedforhispoliticalideas.Manypeoplerefusedtodealwithhim.Somehatedhim.Hisnewspaperswerebannedinmanycommunities.MisterHearststronglysupportedDemocratFranklinRooseveltforpresidentinnineteenthirty-two.Thenhebecameincreasinglycon
19、servativeandturnedagainstPresidentRoosevelt.HeopposedAmericaninvolvementinWorldWarTwo.Healsoledafiercecampaignagainstcommunismduringthenineteenthirties.Throughtheyears,MisterHearstcontinuedtobuynewspapersandmagazinesacrossthecountryandaroundtheworld.Healsocontrolledanumberofradioandtelevisionstation
20、sandamoviecompany.(MUSIC)VOICETWO:WilliamRandolphHearstandhiswifeMillicentweremarriedinnineteen-oh-three.Theyhadfivesons.Sheremainedmarriedtohimuntilherdeath.However,MisterHearstspentalmostthirtyyearsofhislifewithHollywoodactressMarionDaviesinSanSimeon,California.Theymetinnineteenseventeenandlaterli
21、vedtogetheratSanSimeon.Hestartedamoviecompanytoproducemoviesforher.Theirrelationshipshockedthenation.MisterHearstspentthirtyyearsandthirtymilliondollarstobuildahugehomeatSanSimeon.Ithasonehundredsixty-fiverooms.MisterHearstandMarionDaviesentertainedmanyfamouspeoplethere.Hecontinuallyboughtcostlyarto
22、bjectstofillit.Bynineteenthirty-seven,MisterHearstsheavyspendingthreatenedtoruinhispublishingorganization.Hewasforcedtosellmuchofhispropertyandmanyartobjects.TheeconomicrecoveryafterWorldWarTwosavedwhatwasleftofhismediaorganization.VOICEONE:WhenWilliamRandolphHearstdiedinnineteenfifty-one,hestillown
23、edwhatwasthenthelargestnewspapercompanyinAmerica.Today,theHearstCorporationincludesmorethanonehundredthirtyseparatebusinesses.Theyincludenewspapers,magazines,radioandtelevisionstationsandbusinessmediacompanies.ThecommunicationsbusinessWilliamRandolphHearstbegancontinuestoinfluenceandinformpeoplearoundtheworld.(MUSIC)ANNOUNCER:ThisSpecialEnglishprogramwaswrittenbyCynthiaKirk.ItwasproducedbyPaulThompson.YournarratorswereSteveEmberandRichKleinfeldt.mFaithLapidus.ListenagainnextweekforanotherPEOPLEINAMERICAprogramontheVoiceofAmerica.
