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1、美国名人苹果的种植和传播者约翰尼苹果佬JohnnyAppleseed,1774-1845:ManyStoriesandPoemsWereWrittenAboutThisAmericanHeroplaystopmutemaxvolume00:00-15:43repeatByGeorgeGrow2007-5-19VOICEONE:mFaithLapidus.VOICETWO:AndmSteveEmberwiththeVOASpecialEnglishprogramPeopleinAmerica.TodaywetellaboutamanknownasJohnnyAppleseed.Manypeopl
2、econsideredhimahero.(MUSIC)VOICEONE:JohnnyAppleseedwasthenamegiventoJohnChapman.HeplantedlargenumbersofappletreesinwhatwastheAmericanwildernesstwohundredyearsago.ChapmangrewtreesandsuppliedappleseedstosettlersinthemiddlewesternGreatLakesarea.Twocenturieslater,someofthosetreesstillproducefruit.Asares
3、ultofstoriesandpoemsaboutChapmansactions,JohnnyAppleseedbecameanAmericanhero.However,someofthestoriestoldaboutJohnnyAppleseedovertheyearsmaynothavebeenreallytrue.VOICETWO:JohnChapmanwasborninLeominster,Massachusetts,inseventeenseventy-four.Hisfather;NathanielChapmanzservedinAmericaswarforindependenc
4、e.HefoughtBritishtroopsinthebattleofConcordinseventeenseventy-five.Johnwasthesecondofthreechildren.Littleisknownabouthischildhood.HismotherElizabethbecamesickwithtuberculosisanddiedashorttimeafterthebirthofherthirdchild.Inseventeeneighty,NathanielChapmanmarriedLucyCooleyofLongmeadow,Massachusetts.Jo
5、hnandhisoldersistermovedtoLongmeadowwiththeirfatherandhisnewwife.Thisnewmarriageproducedtenmorechildren.VOICEONE:WhenJohnChapmanwasoldenoughtoleavehome,heaskedhishalf-brother;Nathaniel,tocomewithhim.TheyslowlytraveledsouthandwestfromMassachusettstothestateofPennsylvania.Atthattime,muchofwesternPenns
6、ylvaniawasundeveloped.GovernmentrecordsshowthatJohnlivedintheAlleghenyMountainsinseventeenninety-seven.Heissaidtohaveclearedlandandplantedappleseedsnearawaterway.Inashorttime,theseedsgrewtobecometreesthatproducedfruit.VOICETWO:Pennsylvaniawasthefirststopinwhatwouldbecomealife-longefforttoplantapplet
7、rees.ThereasonforJohnChapmanslifesworkisunknown.Somepeoplesaidhelovedtowatchtheflowersonappletreesgrowandchangeintotastyfruit.AppleswereanimportantfoodfortheearlysettlersofNorthAmerica.Applesofferedsomethingdifferentindailymeals.Theywereeasytogrowandstoreforusethroughouttheyear.Theycouldbeeatenraw,c
8、ookedordriedforeatingduringthewinter.Andtheycouldbemadeintootherproducts,likeapplebutterandapplejuice.(MUSIC)VOICEONE:Afterafewyears,ChapmanleftthehillsofwesternPennsylvaniaandtraveledwestintotheOhioValley.HetransportedsixteenbushelsofappleseedsdowntheOhioRiverineighteen-oh-one.Heplantedappleseedsin
9、severalareasnearaplacecalledLickingCreek.SomeoftheseedswereplantedonlandownedbyafarmernamedIsaacStedden.Chapmanwascarefulaboutwhereheplantedappleseeds.Hedidnotleavethemjustanywhere.First,hewouldfindrich,fertilelandinanopenarea.Then,heclearedtheland,carefullyremovingunwantedplants.Then,heplantedhisse
10、edsinastraightlineandbuiltafencearoundthem.Thefencehelpedtokeeptheyoungtreessafefromanimals.Asthetreesgrew,hereturnedtorepairthefenceandcarefortheland.VOICETWO:Chapmanplantedwiththoughtsaboutfuturemarketsforhiscrops.Histreesoftengrewinlandnearsettlements.Heoftensoldhisappleseedstosettlers.Sometimes,
11、hegaveawaytreestoneedysettlers.Whenlowonseeds,hereturnedeasttoPennsylvaniatogetmore.Hegottheseedsfromapplepresses-machinesusedtomakeapplesintoadrinkcalledapplecider.Beforelong,ChapmanstreesweregrowinginfieldsacrossOhio.PeoplebegancallinghimJohnnyAppleseed.(MUSIC)VOICEONE:JohnnyAppleseedwasasmallmanw
12、ithlotsofenergy.Hehadlongdarkhair.Hiseyeswereblackandbright.Henevermarried.Helivedverysimply.Foryears,hetraveledaloneinthewilderness,withoutagunorknife.Hesleptintheopenairanddidnotwearshoesonhisfeet.Somepeoplegavehimclothingaspaymentforhisappletrees.Butsometimesheworealargeclothbagorsackasclothing.T
13、hesackhadholesforhisheadandarms.Onhishead,heworeametalcontainerforahat.Healsousedthispotforcookinghisfood.Peoplesaidhelivedthiswaybecausehewantedto.Hehadenoughmoneyforshelterandclothesifhehadwantedtobuythesethings.VOICETWO:JohnnyAppleseedlookedlikesomeonewhowaspoorandhadnohome.Yethewasasuccessfulbus
14、inessman.Heusedhismoneytoimprovehisapplebusinessandhelpotherpeople.Hewasfamousforhisgentlenessandbravery.BothsettlersandnativeAmericanslikedhim.Everywherehetraveled,hewaswelcomed.ReportsfromthatperiodsuggestthatsomenativeAmericansbelievedhewastouchedbyGod.Otherscalledhimagreatmedicineman.Duringhistr
15、avels,somefamiliesaskedJohnnytojointhemforameal.Hewouldneversitdownuntilhewassurethattheirchildrenhadenoughtoeat.Hisdietwasassimpleashisclothing.Hebelievedthatitwaswrongtokillandeatanycreatureforfood.Hebelievedthatthesoilproducedeverythingnecessaryforhumans.Healsocriticizedpeoplewhowastedfood.(MUSIC
16、)VOICEONE:ThereareanumberofotherstoriesaboutJohnnyAppleseed.Oncearattlesnakeattemptedtobitehimwhileheslept.Johnnystruckthecreature,killingit.Thiswasanactionhesaidhealwaysregretted.Anothertime,hewastrappedinthewildernessduringaseveresnowstorm.Hefoundshelterinanoldtreethathadfallentotheground.Inthetre
17、e,hediscoveredamotherbearandhercubs.Hedidnotinterferewiththeanimals,andleftbeforetheyknewhewasthere.Astheyearspassed,JohnnyAppleseeddecidedtoleaveOhio.HemovedwestintowildernessareasinwhatisnowthestateofIndiana.Thewoodswerefilledwithbears,wolvesandotherwildanimals.Yetheneverhurtthesecreatures.VOICETW
18、O:JohnnyAppleseedhassometimesbeencalledtheAmericanSaintFrancisofAssisi.SaintFrancisestablishedaRomanCatholicgroupthatcaresforthepoorandthesick.SaintFrancisalsoisrememberedforhisloveofanimalsandforhonoringnature.JohnChapmanwasaveryreligiousman.HelikedtoreadfromtheChristianholybook,theBible.Hewasstron
19、glyinfluencedbytheSwedishscientistandChristianthinker,EmanuelSwedenborg.ChapmanbelongedtotheChurchofNewJerusalem,areligiousgroupbasedonSwedenborgsteachings.(MUSIC)VOICEONE:Inabouteighteenthirty,JohnChapmangotsomelandinFortWaynezIndiana.There,heplantedappleseedlingsthatgrewandproducedcrops.Hesold,tra
20、dedandplantedinotherareas.SomereportssaidhealsotraveledtothenearbystatesofKentuckyandIllinois.Histravelslastedmorethanfortyyears.Itisestimatedthat,duringhislifetime,heplantedenoughtreestocoveranareaofabouttwohundredsixtythousandsquarekilometers.Overtime,someadultssaidtheyrememberedreceivingpresentsf
21、romJohnnyAppleseedwhentheywerechildren.VOICETWO:Ineighteenforty-five,JohnChapmanbecamesickanddevelopedpneumoniaduringavisittoFortWayne.Hediedinthehomeofafriend,WilliamWorth.Chapmanwasseventyyearsold.HewasburiednearFortWayne.Themarkeroverhisburialplacereads,Helivedforothers.WhenwordofChapmansdeathrea
22、chedWashington,DC,SenatorSamHoustonofTexasmadeaspeechhonoringhim.HoustonpraisedChapmansworkasalaboroflove.Hesaidpeopleinthefuturewouldrememberhislifeandwork.Strangely,storiesaboutJohnnyAppleseedcontinuedtospreadtootherareas,longafterJohnChapmandied.SomepeopleclaimedtheyhadseenJohnnyAppleseedasfarsou
23、thasTexas.OthersweresurethatheplantedtreesasfarwestasCalifornia.Eventoday,somepeoplestillclaimtheyareJohnnyAppleseed.(MUSIC)VOICEONE:ThisSpecialEnglishprogramwaswrittenbyGeorgeGrow.ItwasproducedbyLawanDavis.mFaithLapidus.VOICETWO:AndmSteveEmber.JoinusagainnextweekforanotherPeopleinAmericaprogramontheVoiceofAmerica.
