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1、M2MakingadifferenceIUnderstandingideas-词汇-语法（Pl3-15）1. makeadifference有影响，有作用,可单独使用，也可用于以下结构：对某人/某物来说有影响/有关系makeadifferencetoSbsth（对某人来说）有影响/有关系。Itmakesadifference（tosb.）+Wh-从句e.g.Onefalsestepwillmakeagreatdifference.失之亳厘,差之千里。Changingschoolsmadeabigdifferencetomylife.Itmakesasignificantdifferencewh
2、ichmajoryouchoose.f（对某人/某物）几乎没有/没有影响makeIitUe/nodifference（tosb./sth.）（对某人/某物）有一些/很大影响makesome/much/great/Mgdifference（tosb./sth.）区分/辨别不同IeIlthedifference2. Theamountofreliefandcomfortexperiencedbythesick.病人所体验到的轻松和安慰reliefn.U（焦虑、痛苦等的）减轻，缓和，消除e.g.lbmakemailersworse,Mothwasdiagnosedwithaseriousdiseas
3、e.Therewasnocure,onlypainrelief.n.U,sing.（不快过后的）宽慰，解脱，轻松如释重负；松了口气in/withrelief可轻松了！Whatarelief!使某人欣慰的是；令某人安心的是IoOnesrelief做某事让人感到舒心。Itisarelieftodosth.e.g.Whenheheardhehadpassedtheexamination,hesmiledinrelief.MuchtoherreliefTTohergreatrelief,heryoungerbrotherrecoveredquicklyafteroperation.Itwasareli
4、eftobeabletotalktosomeoneaboutit.relievevt.减轻，缓和帮助某人减轻（负担）解除某人的职务relievesb.ofsth.减轻某人的痛苦/压力/焦虑/饥饿relieveonespainpressureanxiety/starvation3. Theresnobodyhurt,andthewellsunderConIroI.这里没有人受伤，并且油井得到了控制。iInderCOntrol被控制住，处于控制之下控制得住，抑制得住（不造成损害）bring/get/keepsth.undercontrole.g.Shebringsherweightundercon
5、trolbydietingandexercising.COmroI构成的其他短语：无法管理,失去控制be/get/go/runoutofcontrol控制,管理ge（takecontrolof.失去控制IOSeControIof.掌管/管理/控制（某物/事）beincontrol（ofsth.）受的管理/控制in/underthecontrolof.e.g.Robotscandowhatpeoplecantdounderthecontrolofthecomputers.Studentsareencouragedtotakecontroloftheirownlearning,ratherthan
6、justdependingontheteacher.4. NowtickthesolutionsthatyouthinkaremosteffectivetosupplyAfricawithfreshwater.现在在你认为是为非洲提供淡水最有效的解决方案旁打钩。solutionn.C解决办法，处理手段的解决办法aSOIUtionto.（to为prep.）想出/找到/寻找解决方法comeupwith/find/seekasolutione.g.Theresnosimplesolutiontothisproblem.verackedmybrains,butIhavenotcomeupwithaso
7、lutiontotheproblemyet.n.C答案，谜底的答案/谜底asolutionto.e.g.Thesolutiontolastweeksquizisonpage81.Somepuzzleslookdifficultbutoncethesolutionisknowntheyareactuallyquitesimple.-solvevt.解决，处理；解答,破解一常与介词to连用的其他搭配：的关键Ihekeylo.去的路Ihewaylo.的答案theanswerto.的入口theentranceto.的方式/方法IheaDD11）ach10.effectiveadj.有效的，产生预期效果
8、的e.g.Wehavetakeneffectivemeasurestopreserveourculturalrelics.-effectn.C,U效应，结果，影响对有/没有影响havean/noeffecton/upon生效.开始实施Comeintoeffect使生效brinWTUI.inloeffect见效；生效，开始实施takeeffecte.g.Readingbooksoftraditionalculturecanhaveagoodeffecton/uponthechildren.Theagreementsignedbetweenthetwocompanieslastweekwillco
9、meintoeffect/takeeffectsoon.-*effectivelyadv.有效地；实际上e.g.Thecompanymustreducecoststocompeteeffectively.setupfacilitiestopurifywater设立净水设施1.ater,Ryansexperienceledhimtosetupafoundationtoencouragemorepeopletohelp.后来，基于这次经历，瑞安设立了一个基金会，鼓励更多的人提供帮助。setup安装好，装配好Shesetuphercomputerinherbedroomsothatshecouldw
10、orkathome.开办，建立，创建NowthiscompanyplanstosetupbrancheselsewhereinEurope.安排CanyougivemeacallonFridaytosetupatimeforthetrip?动词+up构成的短语：PUtUP使升高；张贴；搭建：提出（意见等）PiCkUP举起；搭载；好转；学会；检起buildup创建，开发；增强的体质makeup化妆；补上；编造：组成bringup抚养，养育turnup露面；调高（音量、热量等）Weallhopethatyoucanputupabetterplanthanthisone.5. Hesoonreach
11、edhisfirsttargetof$70,butwhenhegavethemoneytoacharity,hewastoldthatitactuallycost$2,000tobuildawell.他很快就实现亍70美元而第一个目标，但当他把这笔钱捐给一家慈善机构时，却被告知建一口井实际上需要2000美元。reachvt.达到，实现；到达，抵达得出结论/作出决定reachaconclusion/decision实现某人的目标reachone,sgoal/target达成一致reachanagreementIftheyfollowedtheroad,theywouldbecertaintore
12、achavillage.IhavereachedapointinmycareerwhereIneededtodecidewhichwaytogo.vt.增加到，提升到（某一速度、数量等）；达到（某点），进入（某阶段）Daytimetemperaturescanreach40.Wewillstrengthenmeasurestoreachanewstageinthelarge-scaledevelopmentofthewesternregion.我们将强化举措推进西部大开发形成新格局。vt.（尤指用电话）联系，与取得联系-DoyouhaveBettysphonenumber?-Yes.Other
13、wise,Iwouldnthavebeenabletoreachheryesterday.DoyouknowwhereisMax?Ican,treachhimbyphone.vi.&vt.伸（手）；够得着伸出手reachOUlOneShandTheboywasnttallenoughtoreachthebranches.n.sing.,U手臂展开的长度；涉及范围，影响范围在某人手够不到的地方OUtOf（the）reachOfsb.=outOfsb.,sreach在某人伸手可及的地方：在某人力所能及的范用内withinsb.sreachThecatjumpedaway,outofthereach
14、ofTom.Thepriceiswithinmyreach.6. Afterseveralmonths,Ryanhadraisedthe$2,000,withwhichawellwasbuiltnearaprimaryschoolinUganda.几个月后,瑞安筹集了2000美元,用这笔钱在乌干达一所小学附近建了一口井。raiseVL筹募,征集Theydecidedtoraise200,000yuanforProjectHope.vt.饲养，种植；抚养，培亲Thesoilaroundhereisntgoodenoughforraisingcrops.raisethechildren.vt.举起
15、，提起；（使）直立，站立Heraisedahandingreeting.Heraisedhimselfupononeelbow.vt.增加，提高（数量、水平等）；提高（认识等）1.ivinginAsiahasraisedherculturalawareness.raisethenumberofstudents辨析】raise,rise,ariserraise-raised-raised-raising,vt.筹募；饲养；抚养；举起；站立；提高rise-rose-risen-rising,vi.上升；升起；起立；增加，提高arise-arose-arisen-arising,vi.（尤指问题或困
16、难）出现，发生7. Healsosawhundredsofdelightedstudentswhohadturnedouttowelcomehim.他还看到数百名兴高采烈的学生出来迎接他。delightedadj.快乐的，高兴的因某事而高兴；对某事感到满意bedelightedat/withsth.愿意/乐意做某用bedelightedtodosth.由于而高兴bedelightedthat.Shewasdelightedatthenewsofthewedding.Iwasdelightedtobeabletoeatmyfavouritedishestomyheartscontent.一del
17、ightn.C令人高兴的事,乐事,乐趣；U高兴，快乐vt.使高兴，使愉快令某人（非常）高兴的是（much）tosb/sdelight=（much）tothedelightofsb.withdelight以（做）某事为乐takedelightin（doing）sth=delightin（doing）sth.-*delightfuladj.（事情）令人愉快的；（人）讨人喜欢的turn（HIt出席,在场,vi.短语。Avastcrowdturnedouttowatchtheprocession.结果是，证明是，原来是；结果。后面常跟adjn.作表语。结果是iumout（tobe）.结果Itturns
18、outthat.Surprisingly,themanalwaysinawornsuitturnedout（tobe）amillionaire.ItturnedoutthatmyworriesWerejustified.事实证明，我的担心不是多余的。Despiteourworrieseverythingturnedoutwell.生产，制造,vt.短语。Thecompanyturnsout900carsaweekthisyear.8. HebrokeintoajoyfulSmile.他突然露出愉快的微笑。breakinto突然开始（做某事，如笑、唱、跑等）Hebrokeintotearswhe
19、nheheardthebadnews.Hebrokeintoarunwhenhesawthepolice.强行闯入。为vl.短语。breakin强行闯入，为vi.短语，in是adv.,后面不能接宾语。ThepolicemanfoundthatthehousehadbeenbrokenintoandaquantityOfjewellerywasstolen.-*break构成的其他短语：breakin强行进入；打断，搅扰，插嘴break。任断开，折断；停顿，中断；突然终止breakaway（fromsb./sth.）突然挣脱；脱离breakup粉碎；结束：散开，解散breakdown出故隙；（身
20、体）垮掉；失败；使分解（为）breakthrough突破；克服,战胜breakout（战争、打斗等不愉快事件）突然开始，爆发9. Manyinspiredpeoplegavehimtheirsupport.许多受到鼓舞的人都来支持他。support6n.U&vt.支持，鼓励，拥护fsupportern.C支持者，拥护者支持inSUPPOrlof.=infavourof.在某方面支持某人SUPPOrtsb.insth.Onlyafewpeoplespokeinsupportofhisviews.表示支持MyfamilyalwayssupportmeinwhateverIwanttodo.vt.扶
21、养，赡养，秦活自食其力SUPpOrtoneself养家糊口supportonesfamilyIwillsupportmyselfaftergraduationfromcollege.vt.&n.支撑，支护Thechaircantsupporthisweight.Thebridgefelldownbecauseitdidn,thaveenoughsupport.10. Thisinsightgrewfromthedeteninedattitudeofasix-year-oldboywhohadthecourageandperseverancetomakehisdreamareality.这样的见
22、解来自一个态度坚定的6岁男孩，他以勇气和毅力将梦想变成了现实。realityn.C事实，实际经历，见到的事物；U现实，实际情况变成现实becomeareality事实上，实际上inreality使回到现实bring.backtoreality面对/接受现实face/acceptrealityAfteryearsofhardwork,hisdreamhasbecomeareality.Imaginationissometimesmorevividthanreality.realadj.真的;真正的,真实的realisticadj.现实的,实事求是的ImrealiStiCadj.不现实的reall
23、yadv.事实上,真正地,真实地notreally不完全是(表示不太强烈的否定)iw三B*M1. Itcameasagreat(relieve)totheparentsthattheirsonfinallycamebacksafeandsound.2. Weallsighedreliefwhentheplanefinallylandedsafely.3. -Weneedtokeepworkingandfindasolutiontheproblemassoonaspossible.-Icantagreemore.4. Facinguptoyourproblemsratherthanrunning
24、awayfromthemisthebestapproachto(work)thingsout.5. Mostpeopleholdtheviewthatthekeykeepingfitistoworkoutregularly.6. KeepingadiaryinEnglishisoneofthemost(effect)waystoimproveourEnglishwritingability.7. Althoughmodernmedicine(effective)controlsmanydiseases,itremainsdifficulttoagainstflu.8. Expertsalsop
25、ointoutthattypesofcoffeebeanshavedifferenteffectsourhealth.9. ThelawofcelebratingtheChineseFarmersHarvestFestivalhascomeeffectalloverthecountry.10. 选择填空：raise/rise/ariseIhavetomyvoicetomakemyselfheardoverthenoise.Misunderstandingislikelyifpeoplefailtocommunicatewitheachother.Hertemperatureisstill.Sh
26、emustbesenttohospitalimmediately.11. Much(delight)withhissonsperformancesatschool,MrGreendecidedtotakehimtoBeijingforaholiday.12. mdelighted(know)thatyourecomingtoChina,thecountrythatyouhavealwaysdreamedofvisiting.13. Itisatruly(delight)place,whichlooksthesameasitmusthavedone100yearsagowithitswindin
27、gstreetsandprettycottages.14. Muchherdelight,someneighboursshowedupandseveralofthemevenbroughttohersomecandiesandcookies.15. TherearefootballmatchesonSaturdayafternooninmosttownsandthe(support)ofacertainteamwilltravelfromoneendofthecountrytotheothertowatchtheirteamplay.16. Mygoalwastolose150poundsin
28、oneyearandraise$50,000supportofamovementfounded30yearsagotoendhunger.17. Thedoctorcanassess(评定)yourconditiontohelpyouset(real)goals.18. Smokershavetofacethethatagreatnumberofpeoplearedyingoflungcancer.19. reality,differentstudentshavedifferentlearninghabits,whichIthinkhaveagreatinfluenceontheirlearn
29、ingefficiency.IIUSiIIgLanguage.词汇语法(P18-19)1. He,ssensitiveandratherserious,whichsometimesmakeshimappeartobealittlebookish.他敏感而且相当严肃，这使他有时显得有点书呆子气。sensitiveadj.(常与Io连用)神经过敏的;易生气的体贴的；善解人意的(对光、食物等)敏感的；过敏的e.g.Dontmentionthatshehasputonweight,forsheisverysensitivetoit.Sheisverysensitivetootherpeoplesfee
30、lings.Myteethareverysensitivetocoldfood.2. Shesusuallyveryshy.butshesgenerousandneverhesitatestohelp.她通常非常害羞，但是很慷慨，毫不犹豫地提供帮助。generousadj.慷慨的,大方的generosityn.U慷慨,大方generouslyadv.慷慨地,大方地对某人慷慨、大方/吝高begenerous/meantosb.在某方面慷慨、大方/吝啬beBeneroUSZmeanWithsth.某人做某事真大方。ItisgenerousOfsb.todosth.e.g.Theoldwomanwa
31、salwaysgeneroustothepoorboy.Wecouldbegenerouswithpraiseandencouragement,butwemustusethemproperly.Itisgenerousofhimtocontributealotofmoneytoourschooleveryyear.IshallneverforgetthegenerosityshownbytheChinesepeople.hesitatevi.顾虑，疑虑vi.&vt.犹豫亳不犹豫做某事neverhesitatetodosth.尽管做某事donthesitatetodosth.对某事犹豫不决hes
32、itateabout/OVersth.对犹豫不决hesitateabout/OVer+特殊疑问词+todoSthe.g.Pleasedonothesitatetocontactmeifyouhaveanyquestions.Shehesitatedabout/overthechoicebetweenthetwodresses.Hesstillhesitatingaboutwhethertotakepartinthecompetition.-*hesitantadj.犹豫的hesitationn.C,U犹豫,踌躇WithOUthesitation毫不犹豫地e.g.Heacceptedtheinv
33、itationwithouthesitation.Onceyouhesitateaboutadecision,youwillmissagoodchance.Dontbehesitant,butbecautious.Onlyinthiswaycanyouhugsuccess.3. Hesalwaysconfidentabouteverything.他对每件事都很有信心。confidentadj.自信的，有自信心的(feelingsureaboutyourownabilitytodothingsandbesuccessful)对某人有信心beCOnfidentaboutSbe.g.Manystud
34、entsarenotconfidentaboutthemselves,sothey,reafraidoftalkingWithforeigners.adj.肯定的,确信的,有把握的(feelingcertainthatsth.willhappeninthewaythatyouwantorexpect)对(做)某月工有把握beconfidentof(doing)sth.e.g.Havingsucceededinthelastexamination,shewasmoreconfidentofanothersuccessinthecomingone.Weareconfidentthattheenvi
35、ronmentwillbeimprovedbyourfurthereffort.-*confidencen.U信心,自信confidentlyadv.自信地;确信地缺乏自信IaCkCOnfidenCe对.,有信心haveConfidenCein.有信心做某事haveConfidenCetodosth.e.g.Theplayersallhaveconfidenceintheirmanager.Whenyoucommunicatewithothers,expressingyourselfclearlyandconfidentlywillgainyourselfmoreconfidenceandhe
36、lpyoubecomemoreandmorepopulartoo.4. Heoftencomesupwithgoodideas.他经常提出一些好的想法。comeupwith想出或提出(主意、计划等)，为VL短语+n./pron.作宾语IPUtfOrWard,其主语通常为人,后跟提出的内容。COmeUP被提及,为vi.短语，其主语通常为物，即所提出的内容。两者都不能用于被动语态。e.g.Themanagerhasalreadycomeupwith/putforwardasuitablesolution.Nextyouneedtocomeupwithanameforyourband-somethi
37、ngthatisdifferent.Thesubjectcameupinourconversation.“动词+upwith”型的其他短语：容忍putupwith赶上catchupwith与和好makeupwith以结束endupwith跟上；保持同步keepupwith5. Tobeavolunteer成为志愿者volunteern.C志愿者，义务工作者；自告奋勇者e.g.Arethereanyvolunteerstohelpclearup?vi.&v.自愿做，无偿做自愿做某事VOIUnteertodosth.一VOlUntaryadj.自愿的，主动的，志愿的做志愿工作dovoluntary
38、workvoluntarilyadv.自愿地，主动地e.g.Asavolunteer,heoftendoesvoluntarywork,andhethinksitshisresponsibilityIovolunteertohelpthoseinneed.6. InChina,volunteersarealsoplayinganincreasinglyimportantroleinenvironmentalprotection,disabilityassistanceandmanyotherfields.在中国，志愿者也在环境保护、伤残救助及许多其他领域起着越来越重要的作用。assistanc
39、en.U帮助，支持，援助帮助某人giveassistancetosb.=comeloonesassistance在的帮助下Withtheassistanceof.有帮助beOfassistancee.g.HegaveassistancetomewhenIwasintrouble.Despitehiscries,noonecametohisassistance.Abilliondollarsinvestmentwouldbeofconsiderableassistancetotheproject.assistvt.&vi.帮助，协助assistantn.C助手，助理adj.助理的，副的帮助某J(
40、做)某 She is mean money but generous kids.2.If you dont want to lose your friends, you must practise honesty,(generous)and understanding. We would like to thank all the judges who(generous) spent their spare time dealing with this affair. Its generous him to giveaway these precious books to the librar
41、y. The help you give to others will be paid back, so never hesitate(offer)a helping hand whenever someone needs help. When someone asks me what my dream is, I will tell him , to be a gd doctor without any (hesitate). Anyone who wants to be successful mustnt give up in any circumstances,and should al
42、ways be full of(confident). Al first Robert wouldnt let his daughter go diving, but eventually he gave in as she was so confident her skills. There is little doubt that you will be able to judge the truth and error if you have confidence yourself.when she heard the bad news.the assistance of Lucy, M
43、ary is recovering quickly now.19. There is no doubt that it is not suitable(grow)cash CroPS(经济作物)here.20.There will be displays taking place throughout the festival, which are(suit) for anyone aged ten and over.2!.This story is(suitable) for children. For one thing, it,s too long: for another, its t
44、oo dull.I Developing ideas and presenting idea” .词汇.语法 (P20-23)1. It is August 1939,and a group of frightened children areboarding a train at Pragues Wilson SlaIiOn.这是1939年8月,一群惊恐的孩子正在登上布拉格威尔逊车站的一列火车。boardvt.& vi.上船/火车/飞机/公共汽车等e.g. You can board a ship to the Three Gorges Dam, enjoying the scenery o
45、n both sides allthe way. vi.让乘客登机/上船等e.g. Flight BA 193 for Paris is now boarding at Gate 37.n. C,U板,木板On board在船上/飞机上/火车上e.g. The exam results went up on the board.All the passengers on board are expectedto fasten the seat belts when the plane takesoff and lands.nU(旅馆、招待所等提供的)伙食，膳食，膳食费用e.g. Free ro
46、om and board are provided for all hotel staff.2. In December 1938,a friend asked Winton to come to Prague toaid people who were escaping from the Nazis.1938年12月，温顿的一位朋友请他来到布拉格，帮助人们从纳粹分子手中逃亡。aidvt.&vi.帮助，援助帮助某人做某事aid sb.to do sth.帮助某人做某 aid sb.in doing sth.在某方面帮助某人 aid sb.inWith sth.e.g. We have aide
47、d him in finishing the work ahead of time.We are greatly aided in our investigation with the cooperation of the police.n. U帮助；援助在的帮助下 With the aid of.急救 first aid来帮助某人Come lo One，S aid为了 帮助 in aid of.e.g.I didnt speak French but a kind man came to my aid.With the aid of our teachers,we learned how to give first aid.I
