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1、Unit2Makingadifference2.3重点语法过去分词做定语一上法技巧一过去分词作定语的具体用法1 .意义：及物动词的过去分词作定语往往表示被动和完成；不及物动词的过去分词作定语不表示被动，只表示完成。(1)表示被动和完成apollutedriver一条被污染的河流thewateredflowers浇过水的花(2)只表示完成，不表示被动fallenleaves落叶therisensun升起的太阳2 .位置：单个的过去分词作定语时，通常放在被修饰词的前面；过去分词短语作定语时，通常放在被修饰词的后面，其作用相当于一个定语从句。Thestudentdressedinwhiteismyd
2、aughter.=Thestudentwhoisdressedinwhiteismydaughter.穿白色衣服的那个学生是我女儿。注意：过去分词作定语和现在分词作定语的区别：(1)语态不同：现在分词表示主动；过去分词表示被动。Thequestiondiscussedwasveryimportant.讨论过的那个问题很重要。Thehousestandingatthecornerofthestreetwasbuiltin2016.矗立在街道南落的那所房子是2016年建的。(2)时间关系上不同：现在分词表示动作正在进行；过去分词表示动作已经完成。Jthechangingworld变化着的世界the
3、changedWoHd改变了的世界JboilingWalel沸腾的水IboiledWater开水(developingCoUntrieS发展中国家developedCoUntrieS发达国家3 .过去分词(done)、现在分词的被动语态(beingdone)与动词不定式的被动语态(tobedone)作定语的区别：Thebuildingbuiltlastyearisourclassroombuilding.去年建造的楼是我们的教学楼。Thebuildingbeingbuiltnowisourclassroombuilding.现在正在建造的楼是我们的教学楼。Thebuildingtobebuil
4、tnextmonthisourclassrmbuilding.下个月将要建造的楼是我们的教学楼。形襄、语态时态done被动完成beingdone被动进行tobedone被动尚未发生跟踪训练一、单项选择1. Asthesoilwasmovedaway,theysawthefirsttimeinsomanyyearsthedamagetothetreasures.A.at;wasdoneB.for,doneC.when;doingD.that;hasdone2. Toreturntotheproblemofwaterpollution,dlikeyoutolookatastudyin2012.A.
5、conductedB.conductingC.beingconductedD.wasconducted3. Tbmwassittingonthefloorbyboxes.A.surroundB.surroundingC.surroundedD.wassurrounded4. TheactivitybytheStudentUnionisquitepopularamongus.A.toorganizeB.organizingC.organizedD.whichorganized5. Jimhasretired,buthestillremembersthehappytimewithhisstuden
6、ts.A.spendingB.hasspentC.tospendD.spent6. Itisoneofthemostinterestingstoriesinthemagazinesofarthisyear.A.foundB.beingfoundC.tofindD.finding7. MostnotableoftheseisChinasdiscoveryofanice-likesubstance,ast4fireice,undertheSouthChinaSea.A.knowingB.tobeknownC.havingknownD.known8. Mostoftheartiststothepar
7、tywerefromSouthAfrica.A.invitedB.toinviteC.beinginvitedD.hadbeeninvited9. Thefitnessroomlastyearisthebiggestoneinmycity,butItosinceIill.A.beingbuilt:haventbeen;hadbeenB.havingbeingbuilt;hadntbeen;wasC.built;haventbeen;wasD.built;hadntbeen;hadbeen10. There,sanotetothedoorwhentheshopwillopenagain.A.pi
8、nned;sayingB.pinned;saysC.beingpinned;readingD.beingpinned;reads11. Friendship,onmutualrespectandfeelingsandactivities,tendstolastlong.A.based;sharedB.basing;sharedC.based;sharingD.basing;sharing12. ThegoodsontheInternetarecheaperthanwebuyinshops.A.bebought;thatB.bought;thoseC.bought;thatD.bebought;
9、those13. Tomseldomacceptsanyhelptohimunlessheisreallyinneed.14. A.offeringB.offeredC.offerD.havingoffered15. 1.astweek,thegovernmentstartedaprogrammetohelppeoplewhohadbeenoutofworkforalongtime.A.designedB.todesignC.designingD.tobedesigned16. Withreferencetoyourposition,1havethepleasuretosaythat1amth
10、ejustpersonyouareaskingfor.A.beingadvertisedB.beingadvertisingC.advertisedD.advertising17. The14,hNationalGamesinXi,anmadeXi,anMiddleSchoolOfShaanxiProvincethefirstmiddleschoolthegames.A.beingheld;holdsB.held;heldC.held;toholdD.tobeheld;holds18. ItcanbehardforyoutoimaginewhattroubleIhavehadtheproble
11、msinthemeetingheldlastweek.A.todealwith;refertoB.dealingwith;referringtoC.dealingwith;referredtoD.todealwith;referredto19. ThoseguestsatthefrontrowcameherefromaEuropeancountrythismorning.A. who seatedB. seatingC. were sittingD. seated20. Rainforestsandburnedatsuchaspeedwilldisappearfromtheearthinthe
12、nearfuture.A.cutB.arecutC.beingcutD.arebeingcut21. Withtrees,bushes,andcolorfulflowersalongtheriversides,theparklastyearshowsdifferentsidesofbeautyindifferentseasons.A.grown,accomplished;B.growing,accomplishing;C.21.A.22.A.23.A.24.A.C.25.A.26.A.27.A.togrow,toaccomplish;D.growing,accomplishedIborrowe
13、dabookbyMarkTwainfromthelibrary.towriteB.writtenC.writingD.wroteThousandsofproductsfromcoalarenowindailyuse.madeB.makeC.makingD.tomakeSheaskediftherewasanythingfortonight.toplanB.plannedC.thatplansD.planningWithleavesintheeartheveryyear,thesoilbecomesricherandricher.falling;buryingB.fallen;buriedfal
14、len;buryingD.falling;buriedIhavereadplentyofbooksbyLuXun.writtenB.wroteC.writesD.writingHisnephew,atseawhenhewasfifteen,hadbeenhisonlyrelative.losingB.losesC.lostD.beinglostThereweretoomanypeoplethematter.involvedinB.involvinginC.involvedD.involving28.A.C.Theheadmasterdecidedtoputglassontopofthewall
15、topreventtheboysbreaking;climbingB.broken;climbingbroken;toclimbD.breaking;toclimb_overit.29.A.30.A.Theaudienceseating；fixingB.ThefilmonbasedB.beforeTVsetsarelisteningtothehero,sstorieswiththeireyessealed；fixingC.seated；fixedD.seating；fixedthenovelbySimpsonhasgotthefirstprizeintheOscarfilmfestival.b
16、asingC.basesD.beingbased_uponhim.二、用单词的适当形式完成句子31. Thequestion(refer)toiseasytoanswer.32. Shecan,tmovethoseboxes(stuff)fullofbooks.33. Doyouknowthegirl(dress)inaredsweater?34. Helikesthegift(buy)byhisfatherverymuch.35. Thankstotheirgreatefforts,the(forget)partofthehistoryhasnowbeenrevealedtothepubli
17、c.36. Themuseumislocatedinapark(surround)byanumberofimpressivebuildings.37. Atsunami(cause)bythemostpowerfulearthquakeinthepast10yearshitseveralAsiancountries.38. ThesewordscomefromtheauthorofthebookTheSecretGarden,first(publish)in1911.39. Thisistheonlymachine(require).40. Thefirstpill(design)totrea
18、tCovid-19hasbeenapprovedbytheUKmedicinedepartment.41. A：Whatwereyoudoingthistimeyesterday?B：Iwaswatchingafilm(adapt)fromanovelbyShakespeare.42. Theresearcherproducedareport(base)onthesurvey,butitdidn,tincludeanyusefulsuggestions.43. WiththedevelopmentofBeidousystem,therehaveappearednewbusinesses(bas
19、e)onnavigation(导)services.44. Besidesallthegreatfeatures(include)intheirprintmagazine,theyalsohaveaneasilyaccessiblewebsitethatanyonecanuse.45. TomlookedatJenny,tears(fill)hiseyes,andshoutedoutthewords(hide)inhisheartforyears.46. Theadobedwellings(土坯房)(build)bythePuebloIndiansoftheAmericanSouthwesta
20、readmiredbyeventhemostmodemofarchitectsandengineers.47. Astheresearchersexpected,30%ofthechefs(主厨)(survey)saidthattheirfavouritemealasakidwasstillwhattheylikedthemostasanadult.48. Ifyouhavesomething(want),Iwillbuyitforyou.49. Ourteacheraskedustousethewords(give)tomakeupsentences.=Ourteacheraskedusto
21、usethewordswhich(give)tomakeupsentences.50. Theworks(show)attheexhibitionarepriceless.=Theworksthat(show)attheexhibitionarepriceless.51. Thehospital(attach)tothemedicalcollegenearbyisbeingbuilt.52. Thiswillbethebestnovelofitskindever(write).53. Amajorsearchisunderwaytofindthe(escape)prisoners.54. Th
22、elatestresearch(undertake)showsthatmicroblogisthemostpopularsocialnetworkingtoolamongChinesenetizens.55. Someone(name)44NotMe“hadspilledawholeglassoforangejuiceintothebasketofcleanclothes.Bradknewthetalkshowhadalreadystarted.56. 1.ivinginrooms(equip)withairconditioners,manypeopledontevenfeelthechang
23、esintheseason.57. Suchmodemdevicesarethemajorreasonfortheseancientbacteria(find)onthefloorofAtlanticOcean.58. Whengoingforawalk,takealongasmallgarbagebag.Shouldyoucomeacrosswastepaper(throw)outofapassingcar,pickitup.59. Corporateknowledge(combine)withcreativityhasbroughthishumblebookstoresintothe21s
24、tcentury!60. Howcanwedealwiththeproblem(cause)byanoffensivee-mail?61. Thisisakitchenespecially(design)fortheelderly.62. Thebook(refer)tobymyteacherispopularwithyoungpeoplenow.63. Whiletherearemanypositivedevelopments(associate)withtheInternet,therearealsocertainfearsandconcerns.64. 1.essons(Ieam)ins
25、portscanhelpusinourdealingwithotherpeople.65. Nowweliveinaworld(surround)bythetican,tdo”attitudes.66. IcameacrossaninterestingstorywhenIvisitedmycousininHenanProvince,China.Mycousingrewupwithagirl(call)LiShichunnextdoor.67. Thecourse(aim)atimprovingstudents5communicationskillsisverypopularwiththem.6
26、8. Heaskedtheofficials(concern)toputsafelyatthefirstplace.69. Thisproject(design)tohelpjoblesspeoplejustdidn,tworkoutasplanned.70. Iamonlyabletolookatnaturethroughdirtycurtains(hang)beforeverydustywindows.71. Itisprovedthattheresults(calculate)inthatwayareexact.72. Thebook(refer)tointheinterviewison
27、eofthewritersbestsellers.73. Rescuerswerestillworkingtheirwaytowardthe(trap)boy.74. 12countries(affect)bylocustshaveunitedbutstilllackPeSIiCide.(所给词的适当形式填空)75. Thisproject,(aim)athelpingpoorchildren,wasstartedthroughouttheworld.76. Thegdnewsisthatthenewlawwillbenefiteveryone(concern)77. Threefamousp
28、arksinandaroundLondonhadover1,400trees(blow)over.78. Theywentonavisit(organise)bythegovernment.79. TheGreatWallofChinaisthelongestman-madestructureever(build)80. Doyouhaveanydifficultyinunderstanding(speak)English.三、完成句子81. Theyaresweepingintheyard.他们正在清扫院子里的落叶。82. IborrowedabookMarkTwainfromthelibr
29、ary.我从图书馆借了一本马克吐温写的书。83. 彼得提出的想法要简单得多。byPeterismuchsimpler.84. 生产商时常来收集那些因为质量问题被退回到我们商店的照相机。Theproducercomesregularlytocollectthecamerasforqualityproblems.85. 被我儿子打破的玻璃已经被扫走了。Theglasshasbeensweptaway.86. 他们的写作课或许还有一个空余的名额。Theymightjustonthewritingcourse.87. 她和她的研究小组获得了中国卫生部颁发的青蒿素新药证书。Sheandherresear
30、chteamaNewDrugCertificateforqinghaosu,theMinistryofHealthofChina.88. Thefoodwaswonderfulanddifferent,butwhatwasevenmoreimportantwasthe食物妙不可言，与众不同，但更为重要的是我们所获得的友谊。89. 人们对文学作品改编而成的电影不太感兴起的原因之一是改编后的作品往往缺乏独创性。Onereasonwhypeopleshowlittleinterestinfilmsfromliteraryworksisthattheyoriginality.90. 友谊有双重优势一幸
31、福有了更大的意义，而麻烦在分担之后减半。Friendshiphasadoubleadvantagehappinessagreatermeaningandatroublesharedbecomesatrouble.四、用单词的适当形式完成短文阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确式。1.astweek,ouryearlyschoolsportsmeeting91(hold)andthestudentsofourclasstook92activepartinit.Onthefirstday,wewatchedtheimpressiveopeningceremony93(perf
32、orm)byenergeticteachersandstudents.Soon,thegamesformallybegan.Someofmyclassmatesrantothetracktocheerforthe94(athlete)whileothersremained95(seat).watchingthemfromadistance.Iwas96(excite)becauseIwouldcompete97the1OO-meterdashwithmyclassmatesCheering-UnfortunatelyJfellontheground,98(miss)thechancetowin
33、.Whatapity!AlthoughIfailed,Iwasstilllookingforwardtoa99(good)performancethenextday.However,asaresultoftherain,wehadtoputoffthesportsmeeting,100madeUSdisappointed.参考答案：1. B【解析】考查介词和非谓语动词。句意:随着土壤被移走，他们多年来第一次看到了宝藏受到的破坏。forthefirsttime作为介词词组，意为“第一次，在句中一般用作状语，修饰动词。句中已有谓语动词，所以第二空用非谓语动词形式。名词Ihedamage与do之间为
34、被动关系，所以用过去分词作定语。故选B。2. A【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：回到水污染的问题上，我想让你们看看2012年进行的项研究。分析句子结构可知，本句已有谓语动词，且空处没有连词，所以空处需用非谓语动词；动词COndUCt与名词StUdy之间是被动关系，所以空处需用过去分词作后置定语。故选A。3. C【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：汤姆坐在地板上，周围都是箱子。分析句子结构可知，本句已有谓语动词Sit,且空处没有连词，所以空处需用非谓语动词；空处动词与空前名词floor之间是被动关系，所以空处需用过去分词作后置定语。故选C。4. C【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：由学生会组织的活动在我们当
35、中很受欢迎。分析句子结构可知，句中已有谓语动词is,所以用非谓语动词形式。名词activity与OrganiZe之间为被动关系，所以用过去分词作定语。故选C。5. D【解析】考查非谓语。句意：吉姆已经退休了，但他仍然记得和学生们起度过的快乐时光。分析句子结构可知，句子的谓语是remembers,空处只能填作非谓语动词，逻辑主语是IhehaPPytime与SPenCI是被动关系，所以应该用spento故选Do6. A【解析】考查过去分词作后置定语。句意：这是今年以来该杂志发现的最有趣的故事之一。根据Sofar可知，此处表示已经完成的动作，且SIOrieS和动词find之间是被动关系，所以这里是过
36、去分词作后置定语。故选A。7. D【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：其中最引人注目的是中国在南中国海海底发现了一种被称为“可燃冰”的冰状物质。astifireice”是定语，修饰anice-likesubstance,anice-likesubstance和know之间是被动关系。再结合固定搭配beknownas（被称为；被认为是）可知，此处应该用过去分词作定语。故选D。8. A【解析】【分析】考查非谓语。句意：大多数被邀请参加派对的艺术家都来自南非。根据句型分析，此空应用非谓语结构形式，且主语Mostoftheartists与invite为被动关系，所以用过去分词结构作定语。故选A项。9. C【
37、解析】考查非谓语动词和动词时态。句意：去年建的健身房是我们城市最大的健身房，但自从我生病后我就没去过。分析句子结构可知，but前面的句子谓语动词为is,第一空需填非谓语动词作后置定语，修饰名词room,二者为逻辑动宾关系，需用过去分词形式，排除A项和B项；bul后面的句子有连词SiIKe,主句使用现在完成时，从句使用一般过去时。故选C。10. A【解析】【分析】考查非谓语动词。句意：门上别着一张纸条，上面写着商店什么时候再开门。结合句意和句子结构可知，第一空作名词note的后置定语，应用非谓语动词，逻辑主语note和Pin之间是被动关系，应用过去分词；第二空作状语，逻辑主语note和Say（写
38、着）之间为主动关系，应用现在分词。综上，故选A。【点睛】11.C【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：友谊建立在相互尊重、分享感情和活动的基础上，往往会持续久远。分析句子结构可知，该句谓语动词是IendSto,base与逻辑主语Friendship之间是被动关系，故要用过去分词形式based作定语修饰FriendShiP:固定短语baseOn意为“基于；使建立在基础上”,其中介词On后应接动名词Sharing。故选C项。12. B【解析】考查非谓语动词和代词。句意：在上买的商品比我们在商店里买的便宜。第一空，分析句子，空处作非谓语动词，动词buy与逻辑主语ThegOOdS之间是被动关系，应用过去分词形
39、式作后置定语，应用boughi；第二空，比较状语从句中，为了避免重复，当比较对象一致时，应用that替代单数名词、用those替代复数名词，本句中ThegOOdS是复数，空处应用IhOSeo故选B项。13. B【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：除非真的需要，否则汤姆很少接受别人的帮助。分析句子结构可知，主句已有谓语动词accepts,空处需填非谓语动词作定语，修饰名词help,Offer和help为逻辑动宾关系，需用过去分词形式表被动。故选B。14. A【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：上周，政府启动了一个旨在帮助长期失业的人的项目。本句主语是IhegoVernmenI,谓语动词是Slarled,本句
40、无连接词连接，所以空处design应用非谓语动词形式，与逻辑主语Program构成被动关系，故用过去分词作后置定语。故选A。15. C【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：关于你们广告的职位，我很荣幸地告诉你，我就是你要找的人。分析句子结构可知，空格处应填分词作定语修饰“position，且advertise与POSitiOn之间的关系为被动，所以应用过去分词advertised。故填advertised016. C【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：在西安举行的第十四届全运会使陕西省西安市中学成为第一个举办全运会的中学。第一空，分析句子结构可知hold在句中应用非谓语动词形式，与逻辑主语The14thNa
41、tionalGames构成被动关系，故用过去分词作定语；第二空，名词由序数词修饰，后跟不定式作后置定语。故选C。17. C【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：你可能很难想象我在处理上周会议上提到的问题时遇到了什么麻烦。havetroubledoingsth.是固定短语，意为“做某事有困难”，因此第一空是动名词dealingwith,分析句子结构可知，句中谓语是“canbehard，第二空用非谓语形式，problems”是被提到，因此空格处用过去分词表被动，因此第二空是referredto,故选Co18. D【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：今天早晨那些坐在前排的客人来自个欧洲国家。空格处是后置定语，要用
42、非谓语动词。表达：就坐的状态，英语常用Seat的过去分词形式，即Seated作后置定语或者表语，本句作后置定语。故选D。19. A【解析】考查过去分词。句意：以这样的速度砍伐和燃烧的雨林将在不久的将来从地球上消失。分析可知，句中谓语是WiIldiSaPPear,空格处用非谓语形式，RainforeStS和CUt之间是被动关系，因此空格处用过去分词表被动，作后置定语，故选A。20. D【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：河边的长满树木、灌木和鲜艳的花朵，去年完成的公园在不同的季节展现出不同的美丽。分析句子可知，grow在UWith+宾语+宾语补足语”结构中作宾语补足语，与宾语trees,bushes,
43、andCOIOrfUIflOWerS是主动关系，用现在分词；accomplish作定语，修饰thepark,二者之间是被动关系，且由IaSlyear可知，表示已经完成的动作，故用过去分词形式，故选D。21. B【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：我从图书馆借了一本马克吐温写的书。分析句子结构可知，空格处应填分词作后置定语，且Wrile与book之间的关系为被动，所以应填WriHen。故选B。22. A【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：成千上万的煤制品现在在日常生活中使用。ProdUCtS与“make”之间是逻辑上的被动关系，故用过去分词，此处作定语。故选A。23. B【解析】【分析】考查非谓语动词。句意
44、:她问今晚是否有什么计划。分析可知,空格处为非谓语,动词plan和所修饰的anything之间是被动完成的关系，故用其过去分词PIanned作后置定语，符合句意，从而排除现在分词D项。不定式K)PIan有将来的含义，不符合句意；C项定语从句为主动语态，不符合句意。故选B项。24. B【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：随着落叶每年被埋在地下，土壤变得越来越肥沃。空格处构成“with+名词+过去分词的结构，fallenleaves表示“落叶”，过去分词作定语表示完成；IeaVeS和bury之间是被动关系，用过去分词作宾语补足语。故选及25. A【解析】【分析】考查非谓语动词。句意：我读了很多鲁迅写的书
45、。分析句子可知，句中有谓语动词“haveread”且句中无连词，故空格处应用非谓语动词，“write”意为“写”，动词词性，句中“books”与“write”为逻辑上的动宾关系，故应用过去分词作后置定语，修饰“books，“write”的过去分词为“wriuen”。故选A项。26. C【解析】【分析】考查非谓语动词。句意：他的十五岁时在海边走失的侄子是他唯的亲戚。分析句子可知，句中有谓语动词“hadbeen”且句中无连词，故空格处应用非谓语动词，atseawhenhewasfifteen”可转化为whowaslostatseawhenhewasfiftccn,即“who”引导的非限制性定语从句
46、，此时过去分词短语相当于一个非限制性定语从句，一般用逗号与句子其他部分隔开，故空格处应用“lose”的过去分词“ost”作后置定语，修饰“nephew”。故选C项。27. A【解析】【分析】考查固定搭配。句意：这次事件涉及太多人了。beinvolvedin为固定搭配，意为“涉及到”，此处省略be,用过去分词作后置定语，故选A项。28. B【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：校长决定把碎玻璃放在墙上，防止男孩们爬过去。修饰名词glass前用过去分词化的形容词，表示状态，broken破碎的。PreVenlSb.(from)doingslh.阻止某人做某事。故选B。29. C【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：
47、观众们坐在电视机前面的观众听这位英雄故事的时候，目光集中在他的身上。分析可知，空格1是作定语，修饰TheaUdience,与Seal是被动关系，用过去分词seated作后置定语，表状态。故空格1填Seated；空格2是作宾补，属于With的复合结构。fix与宾语theireyes是被动关系，要用过去分词。故空格2填fixed,故选C。30. A【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：这部根据辛普森的小说改编的电影在奥斯卡电影节上获得了一等奖。分析句子结构可知，本句己有一个谓语动词，且没有连接词，此时要使用非谓语动词，短语bebasedon”以为根据”,故使用过去分词作后置定语，故选择A项。31. referred【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：提到的问题很容易回答。分析句子结构可知，已有谓语动词is,空处需填非谓语动词作后置定语,修饰名词t
