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1、CNC螺纹说明目前实际生产中,零件螺纹相关问题较多,有些是设计层面问题,有些是标准规范问题,小编总结了螺纹相关问题及说明。螺纹加工是CNC加工中心非常重要的应用之一,螺纹的加工质量和效率将直接影响零件的加工质量及加工中心的生产效率。螺纹指的是在圆柱或圆锥母体表面上制出的螺旋线形的、具有特定截面的连续凸起部分。按其在母体所处位置分为外螺纹、内螺纹,按其截面形状(牙型)分为矩形螺纹、三角形螺纹、梯形螺纹、锯齿形螺纹以及其他特殊螺纹。一般常用螺纹为三角形螺纹和梯形螺纹。Ol底孔与螺纹底孔是指用丝锥攻内螺纹之前所预留的孔的直径,一般是指加工件的内置圆孔,最低或最面上的圆形孔洞,称之为底孔。那么在生产时
2、螺纹与底孔为什么需要有公差配合呢?1、防止底孔过小或底孔大小与螺纹一致造成的返工或导致工具损坏例:当2D图纸上螺纹标注为M3*0.5底孔直径W2.3,这时底孔过小丝锥无法攻牙,需要重新返工底孔。如底孔直径为N2.8,这时底孔直径与内螺纹直径相近或一致时,攻牙就会卡住丝锥,容易导致丝锥折断。2、防止底孔过大致使单边有效螺纹深度太小导致螺纹滑丝(有些可镶牙套补救,一般不建议)例:当2D图纸上螺纹标注为M3*0.5、底孔直径为2.8,这时单边有效螺纹深度只有O1MM,螺纹接触面太小从而导致滑丝。螺纹滑丝:螺纹连接件中,螺牙连接处由于受力过大或其它原因导致螺牙磨损而使螺牙无法咬合,螺纹连接无法拧紧的情
3、况。02螺纹对照表常用螺纹攻牙底孔H径对照我本点依IK:嫡牙制订L美利利的外6北依/底儿一加牙估儿校短格(UXC)lKil“X*d/霍心/底儿IA*4、4A小,M1.4J1.10Tb!421.075INO.643.02.9。3.Q22_Z.820L4205.IP5,2574,979Ml.L251.121.221IXOlO32(4.8214.104.1653963546IS,OQ6.7310.401M2.*.4.1.601.679.se7I1/4-285.505.5882.36031-U8.OO81537.798.M2.S0.4S2.102.138.2.013J3心248.508.6368.38
4、21/21310.8011.02310.592M3.5_2.502.599一2459.Ia-2011.5011.60711.329ST-Il13.6012.86811.386M4.?3.303.4223.2”!S8IS14.5014.68114.3513U-IO16.5018.84016.307MS.OS,204.334.1341*41617.5017.67817.323了博-19.5019.76119.177M6.*l.05.005.1534.91?11420.5020.67520.270MS.Oa.256.80,9126.647IM1L58.508.6768.375IMll1.59.509
5、.6769.370M121.7510.3010.44110.106IM142.012.0012.21011.03IMU*2.014.0021013,833I上面有提到如果底孔过大可以镶牙套来补救,那什么是牙套呢?在CNC机械加工中,牙套是指螺纹牙套,如下图,可以在攻牙后给螺纹再装一个螺纹牙套。那么镶牙套有什么好处呢?会给零件带来什么不好的影响吗?镶牙套可以增加连接强度+耐磨损+防锈结+防松脱+抗震=延长螺纹使用寿命。因为螺纹属于装配位置,要经常反复去拧动它,经过长时间的操作,螺纹会受损,从而导致滑丝或者螺纹无法拧紧的情况出现。有些经验丰富的设计师在设计时就会考虑到这一情况,会在图纸上标注出咖些
6、螺纹需要镶牙套,就是为了延长螺纹的使用寿命,从而延长整个产品的使用周期。例:当2D图纸上螺纹标注为M3*0.5、如底孔直径为3.0,这时可以通过镶M3的牙套来补救。04螺纹牙套尺寸表螺纹牙套规格及钻孔尺寸衣螺妁:公林攻牙钻孔尺寸螺纹牙套长度(IiI数)1/4M3-0.53.123.203.1M4-0.74.174.3042M5).85.165.3352M6-1.06.256.426.3JM7-1.07257.427.3M8-1.258.318.528.4,1BIM10-1.510.3710.6210.5M12-1.75124312.7312.5M14-2.014.4914.8314.5M16-
7、2.016.4916.8316.5M18-2.518.5819.0419.0M20-2.520.5821.0421.0I袤M22-2.522.5823.0423.005螺纹有效深度螺纹深度一般是指螺纹的有效长度。正常情况下,螺纹的底孔深度应大于螺纹的有效长度(在加工底孔时钻头是尖头而攻牙的丝锥是平头,平头丝锥无法完全接触底孔的最底部,因此建议在设计盲孔时在孔底留至少为孔直径一半的无螺纹长度),长螺纹孔可能需要使用到特殊工具,并且需要更多的加工时间以及加工成本,因此有效螺纹长度建议不超过孔径的3倍。062D图纸螺纹标注规范释义特征代号:表示螺纹类型,例M表示普通螺纹;尺寸代号:表示公称*螺距,例
8、3*0.5(3是公称直径,0.5是螺距);公差带代号:由公差等级代号(数字)和基本偏差代号(外螺纹用小写字母,内螺纹用大写字母表示)所组成,例6H;旋合长度代号:用代号L(长)、N(中)、S(短)分别表示旋合长度,当螺纹为中等旋合长度时N不标注;旋向代号:当为右旋螺纹时不标注,为左旋螺纹时标注LH。如觉上述标注太过繁琐,也可像下图这样进行标注:8 x M5 - 6H 10XM5-6H-101V-?42表示8个底孔直径为4.2、螺纹直径为M5、有效螺纹深度为10,内螺纹公差为6H的螺纹孔。014贯穿表示直径为14贯穿零件的光孔。表示深度。07螺纹孔位置螺纹孔需包含在零件内部。如螺纹孔过于靠近零件
9、边缘,在加工时螺纹可能会穿透零件造成零件破边,破坏零件完整性。本表所推选钻头孔径,是针对攻牙加工时,能够很容易的了解钻头直径,而依据市售之标准钻头所选定的,在使用钻头的情况下,由于钻头的形状及尺寸,精度,被钻孔之材质等,对于所钻孔的尺寸,精度有很大影响,所以使用本表之钻孔径,若有不当之处,应实际状况适当的变更钻头直径,本表依据2级牙制订。公制粗螺纹规格标准径2级牙钻孔径最大最小M1.00.250.750.7850.729M1.10.250.850.8850.829M1.2X0.250.950.9850.929M1.4X0.31.101.1421.075M1.60.351.251.3211.22
10、1M1.7X0.351.351.4211.321M1.80351.451.5211.421M2.00.41.601.6791.567M2.20.451.751.838L713M2.3O.41.901.9791.867M2.50.452.102.1382.013M2.60.452.202.2382.113M3.OO.52.502.5992.459M3.OO.62.402.442.280M3.5O.62.903.0102.850M4.00.73.303.4223.242M4.00.753.253.3263.106M4.5O.753.803.8783.688M5.OO.84.204.3344.134
11、M5.00.94.104.1703.930M6.01.05.005.1534.917M7.01.06.006.1535.917M8.O1.256.806.9126.647M9.O1.257.807.9127.647M1O1.58.508.6768.376Mll1.59.509.6769.376M121.7510.3010.44110.106M142.012.0012.21011.735M162.014.0014.21013.835M182.515.5015.74415.294M202.517.5017.74417.294M222.519.5019.74419.294M243.021.0021.
12、25220.752M273.024.0024.25223.752M303.526.5026.77126.211公制细螺纹规格标准径2级牙钻孔径最大最小M1.00.20.800.8210.783Ml.l0.20.900.9210.883M1.2X0.21.001.0210.983M1.40.21.201.2210.183M1.60.21.401.4211.383M1.7X0.21.451.5001.460M1.80.21.601.6211.583M2.OXO.251.751.7851.729M2.20.251.951.9851.929M2.30.252.052.0612.001M2.50.352
13、.202.2212.121M2.60.352.2()2.2462.186M3.00.352.702.7212.621M3.50353.2()3.2213.121M4.00.53.503.5993.459M4.5O.54.004.0993.959M5O.54.504.5994.459M5.5O.55.005.0994.959M6.OO.755.305.3785.188M6.00.55.505.5505.400M7.OO.756.306.37861.88M7.OO.56.506.55064.0()M8.0l.07.007.1536.917M8.OO.757.307.3787.188M8O.57.5
14、07.5207.400M91.08.008.1537.917M90.758.308.3788.188M101.258.808.9128.647M101.09.009.1538.917M1OO.759.309.3789.188M1OO.59.509.5209.400MllXLO10.0010.1539.917Mll0.7510.3010.37810.188M111.510.5010.67610.376M121.2510.8010.91210.647公制细螺纹规格标准径2级牙钻孔径最大最小M121.011.0011.15310.917M12X0.511.5011.52011.4M14X1.512.
15、5012.67612.376M14X1.013.0013.15312.917M151.513.5013.67613.376M15LO14.14.15313.917M16X1.514.5014.67614.376M16X1.015.0015.15314.917M17X1.515.5015.67615.376M17X1.016.0016.15315.917M182.016.16.21015.835M181.516.5016.67016.376M181.017.0017.15316.917M20X2.018.0018.21017.835M20X1.518.5018.67618376M201.019.
16、0019.15318.917M202.020.20.21019.835M221.520.5020.67620.376M221.021.0021.15320.917M242.022.22.21021.835M241.522.5022.67622376M241.023.0023.15322.917M252.023.0023.21022.835M251.523.5023.67623.376M251.024.0024.15323.917M261.524.5024.67624.376M272.025.25.21024.835M271.525.5025.67625.376M271.026.0026.153
17、25.917M282.026.0026.21025.835M281.526.5026.67626.376M281.027.27.15326.917M303.027.27.25226.752M3O2.O28.0028.21027.835M3O1.528.5028.67628376M301.029.0029.15328.917M322.030.0030.21029.835M32l.530.5030.67630.376M333.030.30.25229.752M332.O31.0031.21030.835M331.531.5031.37631376M351.533.5033.67633.376M36
18、3.O33.0033.25232.752M362.034.34.21033.835M361.534.5034.67634376美制细螺纹规格(UNF)标准径2级牙钻孔径最大最小番数牙外径N.0-80(1.524)1.251.3051.182NO.1-72(1.854)1.551.6121.474NO.2-64(2.184)1.851.9121.756NO.3-56(2.515)2.102.1972.025NO.4-48(2.845)2.402.4582.271NO.5-44(3.175)2.702.7402.551N.6-40(3.505)2.903.0222.820NO.8-36(4.166
19、)3.503.6063.404NO.10-32(4.826)4.104.1653.963NO.12-28(5.846)4.604.7244.4961/4-285.505.5885.3605/16-246.907.0356.7823/8-248.508.6368.3827/16-209.9010.0339.7291/2-2011.5011.60711.3299/16-1812.9013.08112.7515/8-1814.5014.68114.3513/4-1617.5014.67817.3237/8-1420.5020.67520.2701-1223.2023.57123.1141-1/8-1
20、226.5026.74626.2891-1/4-1229.5029.92129.4641-3/8-1232.8033.09632.4641-1/2-1236.0036.27035.814无屑丝攻钻孔径规格精度等级RH4.5.6RH7.8RH9M1.00.250.860.88-MI.1X0.250.960.98-M1.20.251.061.08-MI.4X0.31.241.25-M1.60.351.411.43-M1.7X0.351.511.53-M1.80.351.611.63-M2.00.41.781.80-M2.20.451.951.98-M2.3X0.42.082.10-M2.50.45
21、2.252.28-M2.60.452.351.38-M3.00.52.732.75-M3.00.63.173.20-M4.00.73.623.653.69M5.0X0.84.564.604.64M6.0X1.05.455.505.55M7.0X1.06.456.506.55M8.01.257.317.387.44MlOX1.59.189.25932MIOX1.259.319.389.44M12X1.7511.0411.1211.21M121.2511.3111.3811.44美制管螺纹规格(UNEF)标准径2级牙钻孔径最大最小NO.12-324.704.8264.6231/4-325.605.
22、6905.4865/16-327.107.2647.0873/8-328.708.8658.6617/16-2810.2010.33810.1351/2-2811.8011.93811.7099/16-2813.2013.38613.1325/8-2414.8014.98614.7323/4-2017.8017.95817.6787/8-2021.0021.13320.8531-2024.0024.30824.028美制粗螺纹规格(UNC)标准径2级牙钻孔径番数牙外径最大最小NO.1-64(1.854)1.551.5821.425NO.2-56(2.184)1.801.8711.695No.3
23、-48(2.515)2.102.1461.941NO.4-40(2.845)2.302.3852.157NO.5-40(3.175)2.602.6972.487NO.6-32(3.505)2.802.8952.642NO.8-32(4.166)3.403.5303.302NO.10-24(4.826)3.903.9623.682NO.12-24(5.846)4.504.5974.3441/4-205.105.2574.9795716-186.606.7316.4013/8-168.(X)8.1537.9877/16-149.409.5009.1441/2-1310.8011.02310.592
24、9/16-1212.2012.44611.9895/8-1113.6012.86813.3863/4-1016.2016.84016.3077/8-919.5019.76119.1771-822.2022.60621.9711-1/8-725.0025.34924.6381-1/4-728.2028.52427.8131-3/8-630.8031.11530.3531-1/2-634.0034.29033.5281-3/4-539.5039.82738.9642-4-1/245.2045.59344.679英制螺纹规格钻孔径硬材软材W1/8-402.652.60W5/32-323.253.20
25、W3/16-243.753.70W1/4-205.105.00W5/16-186.606.50W3/8-168.007.90W7/16-149.409.30WI/2-1210.7010.50W9/16-1212.3012.00W5/8-1113.7013.50W3/4-1016.7016.50W7/8-919.5019.30W1-822.4022.WI-1/8-725.0024.80W1-1/4-728.3028.00英制管螺纹规格标准径钻孔径最大最小PS1/16-286.506.6326.490PS1/8-288.508.6378.495PS1/4-1911.4011.54911.341PS
26、3/8-1915.15.05414.846PSI/2-1418.5018.77318.489PS3/4-1424.0024.25923.975PSl-H30.2030.47130.111PS1-1/4-1138.8039.13238.772PS1-1/2-1144.8045.02544.665PS2-1156.5056.83656.476英制管螺纹规格标准性_使用绞刀时不用绞刀时有效牙部之长度(最小)中之母螺牙内径标准长度(最小)中之母螺牙内径PT1/16-286.106.26.2446.384PT1/8-288.108.28.2498.388PT1/4-1910.701110.96211.1
27、74PT3/8-I914.2014.514.44814.658PT1/2-1417.601817.97918.263PT3/4-1423.0023.523.37823.663Ptl-H29.0029.529.45929.822PTl-1/4-1137.503837.97638.339PT1-12-1143.404443.86944.232Pt2-ll54.9055.555.41255.844美制螺纹滚造径规格钻孔径NPTNPS使用绞刀时不用绞刀时1/16-276.16.256.351/8-278.338.438.741/4-1810.7211.1311.133/8-1814.2714.2714
28、.681/2-1417.4817.8618.263/4-1422.6323.0123.421-11-1/228.5828.9829.361-1/4-11-1/237.3137.6938.11-1/2-11-1/243.6644.0444.452-11-1/255.5855.9656.36英制螺纹滚造径规格滚造径W3/16-244.08-4.05W1/4-205.51-5.46W5/16-187.01-6.95W3/8-168.48-8.41W7/16-149.92-9.85W1/2-1211.31-11.24W9/16-1212.89-12.82公制螺纹规格滚造径M3.00.62.562.53
29、M3.50.63.063.03M4.00.73.493.45M4.00.753.453.41M4.50.753.963.92M5.00.84.434.38M5.00.94.364.31M6.01.05.305.25M7.01.06.306.25M8.0I.07.28-7.23M8.01.257.12-7.07M9.01.258.12-8.07M101.259.10-9.04M1O1.58.97-8.91Mll1.59.97-9.91M121.510.92-10.87M121.7510.79-10.73M142.012.63-12.56M162.014.63-14.56M182.516.31-1
30、6.23M2O2.518.31-18.23M222.520.31-20.23针车用螺纹规格(UNC)滚造径SM1/8402.735-2.688SM1/8442.769-2.722SM9/64403.128-3.083SMl1/64403.855-3.805SM3/16324.205-4.155SM3/16284.143-4.093SM7/32325.003-4.955SM15/64285.325-4.955SM1/4405.890-5.735SM1/4285.721-5.366SM9/32286.528-6.648SM11/32288.092-8.432SM3/8298.880-8.015SM
31、7/163010.466-10.401SM7/161610.037-9.967SM1/22011.819-11.749SM9/162013.400-13.425美制粗螺纹规格(UNC)滚造径NO.5-402.70-2.67NO.6-322.95-2.91NO.8-323.60-3.57NO.10-244.09-4.05NO.12-244.75-4.701/4-205.50-5.455/16-186.98-6.933/8-168.45-8.407/16-149.89-9.831/2-1311.39-11.329/16-1212.87-12.80美制细螺纹规格(UNF)滚造径NO.5-442.73
32、-2.70NO.6-403.05-3.02NO.8-363.66-3.63N0.10-324.26-4.80N0.12-284.84-4.801/4-285.72-5.685/16-247.20-7.163/8-248.79-8.747/16-2010.23-10.181/2-2011.82-11.76管接头常用螺纹的代号及其配合关系螺纹名称牙型角外螺纹代号可配内螺纹代号公制圆柱螺纹60MM美制圆柱螺纹60UNFUNF美制圆锥管螺纹60NPTFNPTF、NPT(或Z)、PTISM美制圆锥管螺纹60NPT(或Z)NPTRNPT(或ZkPTPSM美制圆锥管螺纹(短)60PTFPTENPTENPTB
33、美制圆柱管螺纹60NPSFNPSF、NpTF、NPT(或美制圆柱管螺纹60NPSINPSLNPTKNPT(或美制圆柱管螺纹60NPSMNPSMNPTRNPTa,制圆柱管螺纹55BSPP或G,PF.KBSPP(或G、PFK)或】T.BSPT和BSP英国规格的锥度螺纹NPT美国规格的锥度螺纹PTEl本的旧JIS规格锥度螺纹,相当于ISo规格的R,RcDIN2999欧洲主要是德国的管道用螺纹NPTNPT就是一般用途的美国标准锥管螺纹。其中N表示NatiOnal(AmeriCan)美国国家标准,P表示PIPE管子,T表示TAPER锥形,牙型角为60。这种管螺纹在北美地区常用,或在使用ANSl规范中经常
34、看到。国家标准可查阅GB/T12716-1991我必须注意:在做ANSl规范中须使用NpT牙哦!PTPT牙为英制锥螺纹,牙型角为55。,密封中最常用。多用在欧洲和英联邦国家,其实在台湾日本JlS规范也走英制规范,而中国其实也是使用英制螺牙。属惠氏螺纹家族。国家标准可查阅GB/T7306-2000。英制管螺纹是细牙螺纹,因为粗牙螺纹的牙深大,会严重的降低所切螺纹外径管子的强度。另外,在实际配小管径管路中,常使用NIPPLE,目的就是外购来的NIPPLE壁厚相对较厚,能保证攻牙部份的强度,同时主管路又不需要厚管壁,这样是为了节约成本。PF牙是管用平行螺纹。我必须注意:在做JIS规范中须使用PT牙等
35、等哦!GG是55度非螺纹密封管螺纹,属惠氏螺纹家族.标记为G代表圆柱螺纹.国家标准可查阅GB/T7307-2001G是管螺纹的统称(GUan),55,60度的划分属于功能性的,俗称管圆。即螺纹由一圆柱面加工而成。ZGZG俗称管锥,即螺纹由一圆锥面加工而成,一般的水管接头都是这样的,老国标标注为Rc公制螺纹用螺距来表示,美英制螺纹用每英寸内的螺纹牙数来表示,这是它们最大的区别,公制螺纹是60度等边牙型,英制螺纹是等腰55度牙型,美制螺纹60度。公制螺纹用公制单位,美英制螺纹用英制单位。管螺纹主要用来进行管道的连接,其内外螺纹的配合紧密,有直管与锥管两种。公称直径是指所连接的管道直径,显然螺纹大径
36、比公称直径大。1/4,1/2,1/8是英制螺纹的公称直径,单位是英寸。英寸制统螺纹的识别英寸制统一螺纹,在英寸制国家广泛采用,该类螺纹分三个系列:粗牙系列UNC,细牙系列UNF,特细牙系列UNFF,外加一个定螺距系列UN。标注方法:螺纹直径一每英寸牙数系列代号一精度等级示例:粗牙系列3/816UNe2A细牙系列3/824UNF2A特细牙系列3/832UNFF2A定螺距系列3/820UN2A第一位数字3/8表示螺纹外径,单位为英寸,转换为米制单位mm要乘以25.4,即3/8x25.4=9.525mm;第二、三位数字16、24、32、20为每英寸牙数(在25.4mm长度上的牙数);第三位以后的文字
37、代号UNC、UNF、UNFF、UN为系列代号,最后两位2A为精度等级。55。圆柱管螺纹的转化55。圆柱管螺纹,来源于英寸制系列,但米制和英寸制国家均广泛采用,用于输送液体经、气体和安装电线的管接头与管子的联接,然而,各国的代号不同,应按下表(对照表)中的国外代号转化为我国代号,现将各国的55。圆柱管螺纹代号列于下表。国别代号中国G日本G、PF英国BSP、BSPP法国G德国R(内螺纹)、K(外螺纹)前苏联G、TPYEISORp55。圆锥管螺纹的转化55。圆锥管螺纹,是指螺纹的牙型角为55。、螺纹具有1:16的锥度。该系列螺纹在世界上应用广泛,它的代号,各国规定不同,见下表。按下表中的国外代号转化为我国代号。国别代号中国ZG、R(外螺纹)英国BSPT.R(外螺纹)、Rc(内螺纹)法国G(外螺纹)、R(外螺纹)德国R(外螺纹)日本PT、RISoR(外螺纹)、Rc(内螺纹)60。圆锥管螺纹的转化60。圆锥管螺纹是指牙型角为60。、螺纹锥度为1:16的管螺纹,此系列螺纹在我国机床行业和美国、前苏联应用。它的代号,我国过去规定为K,后来规定为Z,现在改为NpT。螺纹代号对照表见下表。国别代号中国Z(旧)NPT(新)美国NPT苏联B55。梯形螺纹的转化梯形螺纹是指牙型角为30