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1、美国名人诗人、小说家和剧作家兰斯顿休斯21.angstonHughes,1902-1967:TheAfrican-AmericanPoetwasaLeaderoftheHarlemRenaissanceplaystopmutemaxvolume00:00-16:13repeatByCynthiaKirk2008-4-12VOICEONE:mMaryTillotson.VOICETWO:AndmSteveEmberwiththeVOASpecialEnglishprogramPEOPLEINAMERICA.TodaywefinishtellingaboutthelifeofLangstonHug
2、hes,knownasthepoetvoiceofAfricanAmericans.HewasoneofthemostimportantwritersoftheHarlemRenaissance.(MUSIC)VOICEONE:1.angstonHughes1.angstonHugheswasborninnineteen-oh-two.Hisparentsseparatedwhenhewaslittle.Langstongrewupwithhisgrandmotherwhotoldhimstoriesabouttheirfamilysfightagainstracialinjustice.He
3、developedaloveofreadingbooksasawaytodealwithlonelinessandafeelingofrejectionfromhisparents.Hisloveforreadinggrewintoadesiretowrite.Asayoungman,LangstontraveledtoEuropeandAfricaworkingonships.Hewrotepoemsandshortstoriesduringhistravels.Afewofthewritingshesenthomewerepublished,whichhelpedestablishhima
4、saprofessionalwriter.VOICETWO:Bynineteentwenty-five,LangstonHugheshadreturnedtotheUnitedStatesandwaslivinginHarleminNewYorkCity.ThiswasduringtheHarlemRenaissance,aperiodofgreatartisticcreativityamongblackswholivedthere.Hughesdiscoveredanewwayofwritingpoetry,usingtherhythmsofjazzandbluestosupporthisw
5、ords.Hisfirstcollectionofpoetry,calledtheWearyBlues/waspublishedinnineteentwenty-six.Hugheswrotepoetryaboutthecommonexperiencesofblackpeople.Peoplesaidtheycouldseethemselvesinthewordsofhispoetry.VOICEONE:Hugheshadworkedmanydifferentjobs,butwishedtomakealivingasawriter.WealthywhitesupportersoftheHarl
6、emRenaissancehelpedHughesuntilhecouldsupporthimself.CriticCarlVanVechtenhadhelpedtogettheTheWearyBluespublished.VanVechtenwasoneofthefirsttorecognizethenewstylesofthewritersoftheHarlemRenaissanceandtheirimportanceinAfricanAmericanliterature.Anothersupporterofthearts,AmySpingarn,gaveHughesmoneytocomp
7、letehiseducationatLincolnUniversityinPennsylvania.MissusCharlotteMasonbegansupportingHughesinnineteentwenty-seven.Innineteenthirty,hepublishedanovel,NotWithoutLaughter,thatmadehimveryfamous.HisrelationshipwithMissusMasonendedaboutthetimethebookappeared.Afterthat,Hughessankintoaperiodofintensepersona
8、lunhappiness.(MUSIC)VOICETWO:Intheearlynineteenthirties,LangstonHughestraveledtoCubaandHaiti.HelatertraveledacrossthesouthernUnitedStates,doingpoetryreadingsandtryingtosellhisbooks.HugheswaslikeableandgainedmanyreadersduringhisvisittotheSouth.Healsobegantowritemanydifferentshortstoriesthatwerepublis
9、hedinmagazines.Inthese,hewasabletodiscussideasrelatedtoblackpride,racismandotherissuesofblacklife.Innineteenthirty-two,HughestraveledtotheSovietUnion.Hebecameanactivesupporterofcommunism.Hebelievedcommunismwasfairertominorities.Duringthistime,hiswritingalsobecamemoremilitant.Severalofhispoemsexpress
10、edsupportforsocialandpoliticalprotests.1.ater;hiswritingsbegantoexaminetheunfairnessoflifeinAmerica.Hewroteaboutpeoplewhoseliveswereaffectedbyracismandsexualconflicts,violenceinthesouthernUnitedStates,Harlemstreetlife,poverty,racism,hungerandhopelessness.VOICEONE:Hugheswroteoneofhismostimportantwork
11、sinnineteentwenty-six,TheNegroArtistandtheRacialMountain.Itspokeofblackwritersandpoetswhowanttobeconsideredaspoets,notblackpoets.Hughesthoughtthismeanttheywantedtowritelikewhitepoets.Hearguedtherewasaneedforraceprideandartisticindependence:VOICETHREE:WeyoungerNegroartistswhocreatenowintendtoexpresso
12、urindividualdark-skinnedselveswithoutfearorshame.Ifwhitepeoplearepleasedweareglad.Iftheyarent,itdoesntmatter.Weknowwearebeautiful.Anduglytoo.Ifcoloredpeoplearepleasedweareglad.Iftheyarenot,theirdispleasuredoesntmattereither.Webuildourtemplesfortomorrow,asstrongasweknowhow.Andwestandontopofthemountai
13、n,freewithinourselves.VOICETWO:Ashissuccessasawritergrew,LangstonHughesbegantoexploreotherwaystospreadhismessage.Hewrotechildrensstoriesandseveralplays.Bynineteenforty,hehadopenedblacktheatergroupsinHarlem,ChicagoandLosAngeles.Whilewritingforablacknewspaper,HughescreatedsomeonecalledJesseB.Semple.Th
14、enameJesseB.SemplerepresentedHughesswritingstyle:JustBeSimple.Semplewasacommonmanofthepeoplewhotellsitlikeitis.Hisexperienceshelpotherpeopleunderstandtheworldinaclearerlight.Hughesspokethroughhischaracter:(SOUND)HereismoreofJesseB.SemplereadbyLangstonHughes.(SOUND)VOICEONE:1.angstonHugheswasknowntob
15、everysupportiveofyoungwritersandpoets.Somesaidhiswillingnesstohelpyoungwriterswasaresultofhisunhappychildhood.Whereverhewent,fromtheCaribbeantoAfricatoRussia,heconnectedwithwritersandgavethemsupport.HealsotranslatedsomeoftheirwritingsintoEnglishandincludedthemincollectionsheproduced.Noteveryoneprais
16、edHugheswork.Somecriticssaidhiswritingsweretoosimpleandlackeddepth.Someblackscondemnedhisinformalwritingstyleandhonestdescriptionsofblacklife.Theyalsocriticizedhisuseofbluesandjazzinhispoetryandhisexpressionsofsympathyforworkingpeople.However,hissupporterspraisedhisstraightforwardwritingstyle.Theysa
17、idhedemonstratedthatwritingdoesnothavetobecomplextobegreat.VOICETWO:Innineteenfifty-one,Hugheswroteoneofhismostsuccessfulcollectionsofjazzpoetrycalled,MontageofaDreamDeferred.ThepoemsareexpressionsofeverydaylifeinHarlem.TheytakethereaderthroughonecompletedayandnightinHarlem.Insomeofthepoems,Hughesus
18、esanewkindofjazzplayedinHarlematthetime,calledBe-Bop.ThepoemsdealwiththeproblemofbeingblackinAmerica.InHarlem,themostfamouspoeminthecollection,heasks:(SOUND:MontageofaDreamDeferred)VOICEONE:ThereweredifficulttimesforLangstonHughes.ConservativesintheUnitedStatesweresuspiciousofhistiestoextremistmovem
19、ents,hisactivism,andhissupportoftheSovietUnionforitstreatmentofminorities.Innineteen-fifty-threezhewasforcedtoappearbeforeSenatorJosephMcCarthyscommitteeonsubversiveactivitiestoexplainhisinterestincommunism.Underpressureduringthenineteenfifties,Hughessoftenedthevoiceofhispoemsandrejectedhismilitantp
20、ast.Hewascriticizedlaterbysomeblackactivistsfornotbeingmilitantenough.Hughescontinuedtowriteandpublishthroughoutthenineteenfiftiesandsixties.Andhewonseveralimportantawardsduringthattime.HealsotaughtatAtlantaUniversityandtheUniversityofChicago.TheLangstonHughesHouseinNewYorkCitysHarlemareaVOICETWO:Hu
21、ghesdiedofcancerinnineteensixty-seveninHarlem,NewYork.HishomeonOneHundredTwenty-SeventhStreethasbeenmadeanationallandmark.ExpertssayLangstonHugheshelpedtochangethesoundofAmericanliterature.Theysayhewrotepoemstheworldwillalwaysknow.(MUSIC)VOICEONE:ThisSpecialEnglishprogramwaswrittenandproducedbyCynthiaKirk.mMaryTillotson.VOICETWO:AndmSteveEmber.JoinusagainnextweekforanotherPEOPLEINAMERICAprogramontheVoiceofAmerica.
