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1、美国名人第一位女姓黑人国会议员夏丽齐颂ShirleyChisholmz1924-2005:TheFirstBlackWomanElectedtotheU.S.Congressplaystopmutemaxvolume00:00-14:59repeatByLawanDavis2008-3-1VOICEONE:mSteveEmber.VOICETWO:AndmBarbaraKleinwithPeopleinAmericainVOASpecialEnglish.TodaywetellaboutShirleyChisholm.Shewasaneducator,activistandpolitician
2、.(MUSIC)VOICEONE:CongresswomanShirleyChisholmannouncinghercandidacyforpresidentShirleyChisholmisbestknownasthefirstblackwomanelectedtoUnitedStatesCongressandthefirstblackwomantorunforpresidentoftheUnitedStates.However,herlifewasfilledwithmuchmorethanbeingthefirstblackwomantodoimportantthings.Shebeli
3、evedinbeingapersontofightforchange.Allherlife,sheworkedtoimprovethelivesofothers.(MUSIC)VOICETWO:ShirleyAnitaSaintHillwasborninBrooklyn,NewYorkinnineteentwenty-four.Shewastheoldestoffourdaughters.HerfatherwasafactoryworkerfromGuyana.Helovedtoread.HermotherwasfromtheBritishWestIndiesislandofBarbados.
4、Shemadeclothesandcleanedotherpeopleshouses.Shirleysparentshadverylittlemoney.Theywantedtheirdaughterstogetagoodeducationandtohaveabetterlife.WhenShirleywasthreeyearsoldherparentssentherandhersisterstolivewiththeirgrandmotherinBarbados.livedwithhergrandmother.HerfamilyinBarbadoswasastrong,organizedgr
5、oupthatbelievedineducation.Shirleyalwaysrememberedthewordshergrandmotherspoke.Shirleychisholm:WhenIwasrearedintheBritishWestIndiesmygrandmotherusedtoalwaystellme,youmaynotbelovedbycertainforcesinasocietyandyouhavetounderstandwhy.Butalwaysspeakthetruth.VOICEONE:Innineteenthirty-fourShirleymovedbackto
6、Brooklyn.Shewastenyearsold.Shecontinuedtodoverywellinschool.ShelatergraduatedfromBrooklynCollegewithhonors.Innineteenforty-nine,shemarriedConradChisholmwhoworkedasaprivateinvestigator.Togethertheytookpartinlocalpolitics.Theirmarriageendedalmostthirtyyearslater.Asayoungwoman,Shirleydecidedtobecomeate
7、acher.Shebelievedshecouldimprovesocietybyhelpingchildren.SheworkedforsevenyearsatachildcarecenterintheHarlemareaofNewYorkCity.SheattendedColumbiaUniversityatnightandreceivedanadvanceddegreeinearlychildhoodeducationinnineteenfifty-two.Shebecameknownasanexpertinchildrenandearlyeducation.Fromnineteenfi
8、fty-ninetonineteensixty-fourShirleyChisholmwasaneducationofficialinthedaycaredivisionofthecitysofficeofchildwelfare.(MUSIC)VOICETWO:Inninetysixty-fourShirleyChisholmspoliticalcareerbegan.ShewaselectedtotheNewYorkStateAssembly.Sheservedforfouryears.Innineteensixty-eightsheannouncedshewouldrunfortheUn
9、itedStatesCongress.ShewaselectedfromthenewlycreatedTwelfthDistrictofNewYorkCity.ShebecamethefirstblackwomanelectedtoCongress.SherepresentedapoorareaofBrooklyncalledBedford-Stuyvesant.InCongress,MizChisholmwasassignedtotheHouseAgricultureCommittee.Sheprotestedthisassignment.Shefeltitwasnotimportantto
10、thepoorpeopleofthecitythatsherepresented.ShewasmovedtotheVeteransAffairsCommittee.ShelaterservedontheEducationandLaborCommittee,thepositionshewanted.Innineteenseventy-sevenshejoinedtheimportantHouseRulesCommittee.VOICEONE:hairwasabigcloudofcurls.Sheworeverylargeeyeglasses.Andshehaddarkskin.Shealsosp
11、okedifferently.ShehaddevelopedaminorCaribbeanaccentwhilelivingwithhergrandmotherinBarbados.Hervoicewasstrong.Shespokewithpower.Shesaidhergreatesttoolwashermouth.ShewasnotafraidtosaythethingsotherswouldnotsaybeforeCongressandthepublic.Shirleychisholm:But,myfriends,Imightbestrongforsomepersonsinthisau
12、dience,butIbelieveintellingitlikeitis.VOICETWO:ShirleyChisholmspokestronglyforthepoorandforwomen.SheworkedforcivilrightsforAfricanAmericans.SheopposedtheVietnamWar.Innineteensixty-nineshehelpedformtheCongressionalBlackCaucus.ShealsowasamemberoftheNationalOrganizationforWomen.MizChisholmwasanactivist
13、forpeopleofCoIorZincludingNativeAmericansandSpanish-speakingimmigrants.Sheoftenspokeaboutculturalandsocialissues.Shirleychisholm:IncreasingimmigrationtotheUnitedStatessuggeststhatwedoface(andwebetterownupto?wedoface)newsocialandculturalproblemsasthesenewAmericansareintegratedintooursociety.Andbecaus
14、emostofthenewimmigrantsarepeopleofcolor,culturaladjustmentsmustbemadebyallgroupsinAmericaifwearetolearntolivetogetherasonenation.VOICEONE:MizChisholmwroteabookaboutherlifeinnineteenseventycalledUnboughtandUnbossed.Sherefusedtobedefinedbypartypoliticsorracialcomparisons.Sometimesthisworkedagainsther.
15、Innineteenseventy-twoShirleyChisholmannouncedthatshewouldrunforpresidentoftheUnitedStates.Manypeoplethoughtitwasastrangethingtodo.MizChisholmsaidduringherlifeinpoliticsshefacedmorediscriminationasawomanthanasablackperson.ShirleyChisholmbecamethefirstwomanandthefirstblackpersontocarryoutapresidential
16、campaignwithinoneofthemajorparties.WhensheannouncedhercandidacyfortheDemocraticPartynominationforpresidentthisiswhatshesaid:IamnotthecandidateofblackAmerica,althoughIamblackandproud.Iamnotthecandidateofthewomensmovementofthiscountry,althoughIamawomanandIamequallyproudofthat.Iamnotthecandidateofanypo
17、liticalbossesorspecialinterests.Iamthecandidateofthepeople.MizChisholmdidnotwintheDemocraticprimariesorthenomination.Shesaidshedidnotrunforpresidentbecausesheexpectedtowin.Sherantomakeapoint.Innineteenseventy-threeShirleyChisholmwroteanotherbook,TheGoodFight.Inthatbookshetoldofherreasonsforrunningfo
18、rpresidenteventhoughshedidnotexpecttowin.Shesaid:Thenexttimeawomanruns,orablack,oraJeworanyonefromagroupthatthecountryisotreadytoelecttothehighestoffice,Ibelieveheorshewillbetakenseriouslyfromthestart.(MUSIC)VOICETWO:ShirleyChisholmleftCongressinnineteeneighty-twoafterfourteenyears.Shesaidmanyvoters
19、didnotunderstandher.Shesaidherinfluenceasatruthful,toughpoliticianwasdecreasinginconservativetimes.Also,shewantedtospendmoretimewithhersecondhusband,ArthurHardwick.MizChisholmwentontoteachatMountHolyokeCollegeinSouthHadley,Massachusetts.YearsafterleavingCongress,shecontinuedtobeinvitedtospeakbeforem
20、anygroupsandorganizations.AreporteronceaskedMizChisholmhowshewantedtoberemembered.Shesaidshedidnotwanttoberememberedasthenationsfirstblackcongresswoman.Shewantedtoberememberedasabraveperson,apersonwhocreatedchange.VOICEONE:ShirleyChisholmdiedJanuaryfirst,twothousandfive.Shesufferedaseriesofstrokes.S
21、hewaseightyyearsold.ShirleyChisholmlovedhercountry.ShewantedtoserveallAmerica,notjustAfricanAmericansandwomen.HerworkforthecommunityofBedford-Stuyvesant,thestateofNewYorkandthenationcontinuesthroughthechangesshehelpedmakeinAmericansociety.Shirleychisholm:Americaisawonderfulland.Itsnoquestionaboutit.
22、ThatiswhyeverygroupfromacrossthewaterstriestocometoAmerica.Iamhopeful.OhGodamIhopefulthatbeforeIdiethatIwillseethatAmericawillmovetowardaperiodofrealenlightenment(notrhetoricalenlightenment,realenlightenment),andthatwhenwearefinallyfacedwiththechoiceofexclusionorinclusionwewillchooseinclusionbecausethatswhatAmericaissupposetobeallabout.(MUSIC)VOICETWO:ThisprogramwaswrittenandproducedbyLawanDavis.mBarbaraKlein.VOICEONE:AndmSteveEmber.JoinusagainnextweekforPeopleinAmericainVOASpecialEnglish.
