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1、微观视角下居民消费碳排放结构及影响因素研究基于PLSSEM模型的实证分析一、本文概述Overviewofthisarticle随着全球气候变化问题的日益严重，减少碳排放、实现低碳发展已成为全球共识。作为世界上最大的发展中国家，中国的碳排放问题备受关注。其中，居民消费碳排放作为碳排放的重要组成部分，其结构及影响因素研究对于推动中国低碳转型具有重要意义。本文旨在从微观视角出发，深入探讨中国居民消费的碳排放结构及其影响因素，以期为相关政策制定提供科学依据。Withtheincreasingseverityofglobalclimatechange,reducingcarbonemissionsand
2、achievinglow-carbondevelopmenthasbecomeaglobalconsensus.Astheworld5slargestdevelopingcountry,China,Scarbonemissionshaveattractedmuchattention.Amongthem,theconsumptionofcarbonemissionsbyresidentsisanimportantcomponentofcarbonemissions,andthestudyofitsstructureandinfluencingfactorsisofgreatsignificanc
3、eforpromotingChina,slow-carbontransformation.ThisarticleaimstoexplorethecarbonemissionstructureandinfluencingfactorsofChineseresidents,consumptionfromamicroperspective,inordertoprovidescientificbasisforrelevantpolicyformulation.具体而言，本文利用PLS-SEM(偏最小二乘结构方程模型)这一先进的统计分析工具，对居民消费碳排放问题进行了实证分析。PLS-SEM模型结合了偏
4、最小二乘回归(PLS)和结构方程模型(SEM)的优点，能够处理复杂系统中的因果关系，并有效处理变量间的多重共线性问题，因此在社会科学研究中得到了广泛应用。Specifically,thisarticleusesPLS-SEM(PartialLeastSquaresStructuralEquationModeling),anadvancedstatisticalanalysistool,toempiricallyanalyzetheissueofcarbonemissionsfromhouseholdconsumption.ThePLS-SEMmodelcombinestheadvantages
5、ofpartialleastsquaresregression(PLS)andstructuralequationmodeling(SEM),whichcanhandlecausalrelationshipsincomplexsystemsandeffectivelyhandlemulticollinearityproblemsbetweenvariables.Therefore,ithasbeenwidelyusedinsocialscienceresearch.通过构建PLS-SEM模型，本文不仅分析了居民消费碳排放的结构特征，还深入探讨了影响居民消费碳排放的关键因素。这些因素包括但不限于
6、居民消费水平、消费结构、能源消费结构、技术进步、政策引导等。通过对这些因素的综合分析，本文旨在为政策制定者提供有针对性的建议，以促进居民消费模式的低碳转型，从而推动整个社会的可持续发展。ByconstructingaPLS-SEMmodel,thisarticlenotonlyanalyzesthestructuralcharacteristicsofcarbonemissionsfromresidentialconsumption,butalsodelvesintothekeyfactorsaffectingcarbonemissionsfromresidentialconsumption.
7、Thesefactorsincludebutarenotlimitedtohouseholdconsumptionlevel,consumptionstructure,energyconsumptionstructure,technologicalprogress,policyguidance,etc.Throughacomprehensiveanalysisofthesefactors,thisarticleaimstoprovidetargetedrecommendationsforpolicymakerstopromotethelow-carbontransformationofhous
8、eholdconsumptionpatternsandpromotethesustainabledevelopmentoftheentiresociety.本文从微观视角出发，利用PLS-SEM模型对居民消费碳排放结构及影响因素进行了深入研究。本文的研究结果将有助于我们更好地理解居民消费碳排放的内在机制，为相关政策制定提供科学依据，为推动中国的低碳转型和可持续发展做出贡献。Thisarticleconductsin-depthresearchonthestructureandinfluencingfactorsofcarbonemissionsfromhouseholdconsumptionu
9、singthePLS-SEMmodelfromamicroperspective.TheresearchresultsofthisarticlewillhelpIISbetterunderstandtheinternalmechanismofcarbonemissionsfromhouseholdconsumption,providescientificbasisforrelevantpolicyformulation,andcontributetopromotingChina,slow-carbontransformationandsustainabledevelopment.二、文献综述1
10、.iteraturereview在全球气候变化和碳排放问题日益严重的背景下，居民消费碳排放逐渐成为研究热点。国内外学者对居民消费碳排放的结构和影响因素进行了广泛而深入的研究。Againstthebackdropofincreasinglysevereglobalclimatechangeandcarbonemissions,consumercarbonemissionshavegraduallybecomearesearchhotspot.Domesticandforeignscholarshaveconductedextensiveandin-depthresearchonthestruct
11、ureandinfluencingfactorsofcarbonemissionsfromresidentialconsumption.早期的研究主要关注于居民消费碳排放总量的变化及其与经济发展的关系。随着研究的深入，学者们开始关注居民消费碳排放的结构性问题，即不同消费类别对碳排放的贡献度及其动态变化。例如，食品、交通、住房等消费类别对碳排放的影响程度及其演变趋势成为了研究的重点。这些研究为我们理解居民消费碳排放的结构性特征提供了重要的参考。Earlyresearchmainlyfocusedonthechangesintotalcarbonemissionsfromhouseholdcons
12、umptionandtheirrelationshipwitheconomicdevelopment.Withthedeepeningofresearch,scholarshavebeguntopayattentiontothestructuralissuesofhouseholdconsumptioncarbonemissions,namelythecontributionanddynamicchangesofdifferentconsumptioncategoriestocarbonemissions.Forexample,theimpactofconsumptioncategoriess
13、uchasfood,transportation,andhousingoncarbonemissionsandtheirevolutionarytrendshavebecomeafocusofresearch.Thesestudiesprovideimportantreferencesforustounderstandthestructuralcharacteristicsofcarbonemissionsfromresidentialconsumption.同时，对于居民消费碳排放的影响因素的研究也取得了丰硕的成果。学者们从多个角度探讨了影响居民消费碳排放的因素，包括人口规模、经济发展、技术
14、进步、消费结构、政策环境等。其中，人口规模和经济发展对居民消费碳排放的影响得到了广泛认可。随着能源结构和消费模式的转变，技术进步和消费结构对碳排放的影响逐渐显现。Atthesametime,fruitfulresultshavebeenachievedinthestudyoftheinfluencingfactorsofcarbonemissionsfromresidentialconsumption.Scholarshaveexploredthefactorsthataffecthouseholdconsumptioncarbonemissionsfrommultipleperspectiv
15、es,includingpopulationsize,economicdevelopment,technologicalprogress,consumptionstructure,policyenvironment,etc.Amongthem,theimpactofpopulationsizeandeconomicdevelopmentonhouseholdconsumptioncarbonemissionshasbeenwidelyrecognized.Withthetransformationofenergystructureandconsumptionpatterns,theimpact
16、oftechnologicalprogressandconsumptionstructureoncarbonemissionsisgraduallybecomingapparent.近年来，随着模型方法的不断创新，越来越多的学者开始运用先进的统计模型对居民消费碳排放进行深入研究。其中，PLSTEM模型作为一种集多元线性回归、路径分析和结构方程模型于一体的综合性分析方法，具有处理复杂变量关系、揭示潜在机制和路径等优点，因此在居民消费碳排放研究中得到了广泛应用。PLS-SEM模型能够同时考虑多个影响因素，揭示各因素之间的相互作用关系，为我们更深入地理解居民消费碳排放的影响机制提供了有力工具。Inr
17、ecentyears,withthecontinuousinnovationofmodelingmethods,moreandmorescholarshavebeguntouseadvancedstatisticalmodelstoconductin-depthresearchonhouseholdconsumptioncarbonemissions.Amongthem,thePLS-SEMmodel,asacomprehensiveanalysismethodthatintegratesmultiplelinearregression,pathanalysis,andstructuraleq
18、uationmodeling,hastheadvantagesofhandlingcomplexvariablerelationships,revealingpotentialmechanismsandpaths,andhasbeenwidelyusedinthestudyofcarbonemissionsfromhouseholdconsumption.ThePLS-SEMmodelcansimultaneouslyconsidermultipleinfluencingfactors,revealtheinteractionrelationshipbetweeneachfactor,andp
19、rovideapowerfultoolforustogainadeeperunderstandingoftheimpactmechanismofhouseholdconsumptioncarbonemissions.目前关于居民消费碳排放的研究已经取得了一定的成果，但仍存在一些不足。对于不同地区的居民消费碳排放结构和影响因素的差异性研究仍显不足；对于新技术、新模式对居民消费碳排放的影响研究尚需加强；对于政策环境对居民消费碳排放的影响研究仍有待深入。因此，本文将从微观视角出发，运用PLS-SEM模型对居民消费碳排放结构及影响因素进行深入分析，以期为解决全球气候变化和碳排放问题提供有益的参考。At
20、present,researchoncarbonemissionsfromresidentialconsumptionhasachievedcertainresults,buttherearestillsomeshortcomings.Thereisstillinsufficientresearchonthedifferencesintheconsumptioncarbonemissionstructureandinfluencingfactorsamongresidentsindifferentregions;Furtherresearchisneededontheimpactofnewte
21、chnologiesandmodelsonhouseholdconsumptioncarbonemissions;Furtherresearchisneededontheimpactofpolicyenvironmentonhouseholdconsumptioncarbonemissions.Therefore,thisarticlewillstartfromamicroperspectiveandusethePLS-SEMmodeltoconductin-depthanalysisofthecarbonemissionstructureandinfluencingfactorsofhous
22、eholdconsumption,inordertoprovideusefulreferencesforsolvingglobalclimatechangeandcarbonemissionsproblems.三、理论框架与研究假设Theoreticalframeworkandresearchhypotheses本研究旨在从微观视角出发，深入剖析居民消费碳排放的结构及其影响因素。为此，本文构建了一个基于偏最小二乘结构方程模型(PLSSEM)的理论框架，以量化分析各因素与居民消费碳排放之间的关系。Thisstudyaimstoanalyzethestructureandinfluencingfa
23、ctorsofhouseholdconsumptioncarbonemissionsfromamicroperspective.Therefore,thisarticleconstructsatheoreticalframeworkbasedonPartialLeastSquaresStructuralEquationModeling(PLSSEM)toquantitativelyanalyzetherelationshipbetweenvariousfactorsandhouseholdconsumptioncarbonemissions.在理论框架的构建上，我们参考了环境经济学、能源经济学
24、和消费经济学的相关理论，并结合国内外关于居民消费碳排放的研究成果。我们将居民消费碳排放划分为直接碳排放和间接碳排放两部分。直接碳排放主要来源于居民家庭的日常能源消耗，如电力、燃气等；间接碳排放则主要来源于居民购买商品和服务过程中所产生的碳排放，如食品、交通等。Intheconstructionofthetheoreticalframework,wereferredtorelevanttheoriesofenvironmentaleconomics,energyeconomics,andconsumptioneconomics,andcombinedthemwithresearchresults
25、onhouseholdconsumptioncarbonemissionsathomeandabroad.Wedivideresidentialconsumptioncarbonemissionsintotwoparts:directcarbonemissionsandindirectcarbonemissions.Directcarbonemissionsmainlycomefromthedailyenergyconsumptionofresidentialhouseholds,suchaselectricity,gas,etc;Indirectcarbonemissionsmainlyco
26、mefromthecarbonemissionsgeneratedbyresidentspurchasinggoodsandservices,suchasfoodandtransportation.接着，我们从经济、社会、技术和环境四个方面选取了可能影响居民消费碳排放的因素。经济因素包括居民收入水平、消费结构等;社会因素涵盖人口结构、生活方式等；技术因素主要考虑能源效率、技术进步等；环境因素则包括环保意识、政策引导等。Next,weselectedfactorsthatmayaffecthouseholdconsumptioncarbonemissionsfromfouraspects:eco
27、nomy,society,technology,andenvironment.Economicfactorsincludehouseholdincomelevel,consumptionstructure,etc;Socialfactorsincludepopulationstructure,lifestyle,etc;Technicalfactorsmainlyconsiderenergyefficiency,technologicalprogress,etc;Environmentalfactorsincludeenvironmentalawareness,policyguidance,e
28、tc.经济因素与居民消费碳排放呈正相关关系。随着居民收入水平的提高和消费结构的升级，居民对能源和商品的需求也会相应增加，从而导致碳排放量的增加。Thereisapositivecorrelationbetweeneconomicfactorsandcarbonemissionsfromhouseholdconsumption.Withtheimprovementofresidents*incomelevelandtheupgradingofconsumptionstructure,theirdemandforenergyandcommoditieswillalsocorresponding1y
29、increase,leadingtoanincreaseincarbonemissions.社会因素与居民消费碳排放的关系复杂。一方面，人口结构的变化（如老龄化、城镇化等）可能会影响居民的消费模式和碳排放；另一方面，生活方式的改变（如绿色出行、节能减排等）则有助于降低碳排放。Therelationshipbetweensocialfactorsandcarbonemissionsfromhouseholdconsumptioniscomplex.Ontheonehand,changesinpopulationstructure（suchasaging,urbanization,etc.）may
30、affectresidents,consumptionpatternsandcarbonemissions;Ontheotherhand,changesinlifestyle,suchasgreentransportation,energyconservationandemissionreduction,canhelpreducecarbonemissions.技术因素对居民消费碳排放具有重要影响。能源效率的提高和技术进步有助于减少能源消耗和碳排放，从而降低居民消费的碳足迹。Technologicalfactorshaveasignificantimpactoncarbonemissionsf
31、romresidentialconsumption.Theimprovementofenergyefficiencyandtechnologicalprogresscanhelpreduceenergyconsumptionandcarbonemissions,therebyreducingthecarbonfootprintofhouseholdconsumption.环境因素在引导居民消费碳排放方面发挥关键作用。环保意识的提高和政策引导的有效性将直接影响居民的消费选择和碳排放行为。Environmentalfactorsplayacrucialroleinguidingresidentst
32、oconsumecarbonemissions.Theimprovementofenvironmentalawarenessandtheeffectivenessofpolicyguidancewilldirectlyaffecttheconsumptionchoicesandcarbonemissionbehaviorsofresidents.通过构建PLSSEM模型，我们将对这些假设进行实证分析，以期揭示各因素对居民消费碳排放的具体影响程度和路径机制。这不仅有助于我们更深入地理解居民消费碳排放的结构和特征，也为制定有效的碳减排政策和措施提供科学依据。ByconstructingaPLSSE
33、Mmodel,wewillconductempiricalanalysisontheseassumptionsinordertorevealthespecificimpactandpathmechanismofeachfactoronhouseholdconsumptioncarbonemissions.Thisnotonlyhelpsustohaveadeeperunderstandingofthestructureandcharacteristicsofhouseholdconsumptioncarbonemissions,butalsoprovidesscientificbasisfor
34、formulatingeffectivecarbonreductionpoliciesandmeasures.四、研究方法与数据来源Researchmethodsanddatasources本研究采用偏最小二乘结构方程模型(PLSSEM)作为主要的实证分析工具，旨在深入探索居民消费碳排放的结构及其影响因素。PLSSEM模型结合了偏最小二乘法(PLS)和结构方程模型(SEM)的优点，不仅能够有效处理复杂系统中的多重共线性问题，还能通过路径分析和因果关系的构建，揭示变量之间的潜在关系。ThisstudyadoptsthePartialLeastSquaresStructuralEquationMo
35、del(PLSSEM)asthemainempiricalanalysistool,aimingtodeeplyexplorethestructureandinfluencingfactorsofhouseholdconsumptioncarbonemissions.ThePLSSEMmodelcombinestheadvantagesofpartialleastsquares(PLS)andstructuralequationmodeling(SEM),whichcannotonlyeffectivelyhandlemulticol1inearityproblemsincomplexsyst
36、ems,butalsorevealpotentialrelationshipsbetweenvariablesthroughpathanalysisandcausalrelationshipconstruction.在数据来源方面，本研究主要依托国家统计局、环境保护部以及各地市统计局发布的相关数据。为保证数据的准确性和完整性，我们采用了面板数据(paneldata)的形式，涵盖了时间跨度为五年的省级居民消费碳排放数据。为了深入研究影响因素，我们还整合了包括人口结构、经济发展水平、消费模式、能源结构等多方面的社会经济数据。Intermsofdatasources,thisstudymainlyr
37、eliesonrelevantdatareleasedbytheNationalBureauofStatistics,theMinistryofEnvironmentalProtection,andvariousmunicipalstatisticalbureaus.Toensuretheaccuracyandcompletenessofthedata,weadoptedtheformofpaneldata,whichcoversprovincial-levelconsumercarbonemissionsdatawithatimespanoffiveyears.Inordertoconduc
38、tin-depthresearchoninfluencingfactors,wealsointegratedsocio-economicdatafromvariousaspectssuchaspopulationstructure,economicdevelopmentlevel,consumptionpatterns,energystructure,etc.数据处理过程中，我们采用了描述性统计分析和因子分析等方法,对原始数据进行了预处理和降维。描述性统计分析有助于我们了解数据的分布情况和变量之间的初步关系；而因子分析则通过提取公因子,简化了数据结构，为后续的PLSSEM模型分析提供了基础。D
39、uringthedataprocessing,weusedmethodssuchasdescriptivestatisticalanalysisandfactoranalysistopreprocessandreducethedimensionalityoftheoriginaldata.Descriptivestatisticalanalysishelpsusunderstandthedistributionofdataandthepreliminaryrelationshipsbetweenvariables;Factoranalysissimplifiesthedatastructure
40、byextractingcommonfactors,providingafoundationforsubsequentPLSSEMmodelanalysis.本研究通过PLSSEM模型的构建和实证分析，结合全面、准确的数据来源和科学的数据处理方法，旨在揭示居民消费碳排放的结构特点及其影响因素，为制定有效的碳排放减排政策提供科学依据。Thisstudyaimstorevealthestructuralcharacteristicsandinfluencingfactorsofhouseholdconsumptioncarbonemissionsthroughtheconstructionande
41、mpiricalanalysisofthePLSSEMmodel,combinedwithcomprehensiveandaccuratedatasourcesandscientificdataprocessingmethods,inordertoprovidescientificbasisforformulatingeffectivecarbonemissionreductionpolicies.五、实证分析Empiricalanalysis本研究采用PLS-SEM模型，对居民消费碳排放的结构及影响因素进行了实证分析。我们基于大量的文献回顾和实地考察，确定了影响居民消费碳排放的主要因素，包括
42、人口统计特征、消费行为、能源使用效率、环境意识等。随后，我们利用问卷调查的方式，收集了大量关于居民消费碳排放的数据。ThisstudyusedthePLS-SEMmodeltoempiricallyanalyzethestructureandinfluencingfactorsofhouseholdconsumptioncarbonemissions.Basedonextensiveliteraturereviewandfieldinvestigation,wehaveidentifiedthemainfactorsaffectinghouseholdconsumptioncarbonemis
43、sions,includingdemographiccharacteristics,consumptionbehavior,energyuseefficiency,environmentalawareness,etc.Subsequently,wecollectedalargeamountofdataonhouseholdconsumptioncarbonemissionsthroughaquestionnairesurvey.在PLS-SEM模型的应用中，我们采用偏最小二乘法（PLS）进行路径系数估计，同时利用结构方程模型（SEM）来揭示各因素之间的复杂关系。通过PLS-SEM模型的实证分析
44、，我们得到了以下主要结果:IntheapplicationofPLS-SEMmodel,weusepartialleastsquares(PLS)forpathcoefficientestimation,andusestructuralequationmodeling(SEM)torevealthecomplexrelationshipsbetweenvariousfactors.ThroughempiricalanalysisofthePLS-SEMmodel,wehaveobtainedthefollowingmainresults:人口统计特征对居民消费碳排放的影响：研究发现，年龄、收入
45、、教育程度等人口统计特征对居民消费碳排放有显著影响。其中，年龄和收入的影响较大，而教育程度的影响相对较小。这可能是因为年龄和收入与居民的消费能力和消费习惯密切相关，而教育程度虽然在一定程度上影响消费观念，但对实际消费行为的影响较小。Theimpactofdemographiccharacteristicsonhouseholdconsumptioncarbonemissions:Researchhasfoundthatdemographiccharacteristicssuchasage,income,andeducationlevelhaveasignificantimpactonhouse
46、holdconsumptioncarbonemissions.Amongthem,ageandincomehaveagreaterimpact,whileeducationlevelhasarelativelysmallerimpact.Thismaybebecauseageandincomearecloselyrelatedtotheconsumptionabilityandhabitsofresidents,andalthougheducationlevelaffectsconsumptionconceptstoacertainextent,itsimpactonactualconsump
47、tionbehaviorisrelativelysmall.消费行为对居民消费碳排放的影响：消费行为是影响居民消费碳排放的重要因素。研究发现，购买频率、购买量、产品选择等消费行为对碳排放有显著影响。其中，购买频率和购买量的影响较大，而产品选择的影响相对较小。这可能是因为购买频率和购买量直接决定了能源的消耗和碳排放的产生，而产品选择虽然在一定程度上影响碳排放，但受其他因素的影响较大。Theimpactofconsumerbehavioronresidentialconsumptioncarbonemissions:Consumerbehaviorisanimportantfactoraffect
48、ingresidentialconsumptioncarbonemissions.Researchhasfoundthatconsumptionbehaviorssuchaspurchasefrequency,purchasequantity,andproductselectionhaveasignificantimpactoncarbonemissions.Amongthem,theimpactofpurchasefrequencyandquantityissignificant,whiletheimpactofproductselectionisrelativelysmall.Thisma
49、ybebecausethefrequencyandquantityofpurchasesdirectlydetermineenergyconsumptionandcarbonemissions,whileproductselection,althoughtosomeextentaffectingcarbonemissions,ismoreinfluencedbyotherfactors.能源使用效率对居民消费碳排放的影响：能源使用效率是影响居民消费碳排放的关键因素。研究发现，提高能源使用效率可以有效降低碳排放。这可能是因为能源使用效率的提高意味着能源的有效利用和浪费的减少，从而降低了碳排放。Theimpactofenergyuseefficiencyonhouseholdconsumptioncarbonemissions:Energyuseefficiencyisakeyfactoraffectinghouseholdconsumptioncarbonemissions.Researchhasfoundthatimpro
