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1、美国名人科学家亨利卢米斯HenryLoomisz1919-2008:DirectorofVOAHadtheIdeatoCreateSpecialEnglishplaystopmutemaxvolume00:00-15:19repeatByDanaDemange2008-11-29VOICEONE:mFaithLapidus.VOICETWO:AndImBobDoughtywithPeopleinAmericainVOASpecialEnglish.TodaywetellabouttheresearchscientistandbroadcastingleaderHenryLoomis.Miste
2、rLoomisheldmanyinterestingcommunicationspositionsoverhislongcareer.HeservedasdirectoroftheVoiceofAmericaforsevenyearsstartinginnineteenfifty-eight.MisterLoomisplayedanimportantroleincreatingtheSpecialEnglishservice.(MUSIC)VOICEONE:HenryLoomiswasborninnineteennineteeninTuxedoPark,NewYork.Hisfatherwas
3、AlfredLeeLoomis,awealthyNewYorkCitybusinessman.Unlikemanybusinessmenatthetime,AlfredLoomisprotectedhiswealthduringthefinancialcrashofnineteentwenty-nine.Helaterwithdrewfromtheworldofbusinessinordertospendmoretimeworkingasascientist.HenryLoomisandhisbrothersLeeandFarneygrewupspendingtimeintheprivatel
4、aboratorytheirfatherbuilt.ThisscientificbackgroundandthepeoplewhoworkedwithhisfatherwouldhaveabiginfluenceonHenryslife.AlfredLoomistaughttraditionalvaluestohissonsandstressedtheimportanceofeducationandhardwork.VOICETWO:AlfredLoomisinvitedthetopscientistsintheworldtohisLoomisLaboratory,includingAlber
5、tEinstein,EnricoFermiandNielsBohr.AlfredLoomisandmembersofhislabteammadeimportantdiscoveriesandinventions.Theystudiedmanysubjects,includingthemeasurementoftime,orchronometry,andelectroencephalography,orthemeasurementofelectricalactivityproducedbythebrain.HenryLoomiseventookpartinhisfathersexperiment
6、sonmeasuringbrainactivity.VOICEONE:Inaninterviewsixyearsago,HenryLoomisrememberedanexperimenthetookpartinwhenhewasaboutseventeenyearsold.Henrysleptinasound-proofroomwithelectrodedevicesattachedtohishead.AlfredLoomiswasnearbywithamicrophonedevice.HetoldhissoninasoftvoicethatHenrysfavoriteobject,hisbo
7、at,wasonfire.HenryLoomisjumpedoutofbedtosavetheboat.ThisexperimentandothershelpedAlfredLoomisshowhowemotionalupsetcouldchangehumanbrainwaves.AlfredLoomislaterhelpedopentheMassachusettsInstituteofTechnologysRadiationLaboratory.HisworkhelpingtodevelopthenewtechnologyofradarwouldbeusedbytheUnitedStates
8、andBritaintodefeatGermanyduringWorldWarTwo.(MUSIC)VOICETWO:HenryStimsonwasrelatedtotheLoomisfamily.Hewasalsoanadvisorandclosefriend.Amongotherpositions,MisterStimsonhadservedassecretaryofstateunderPresidentHerbertHoover.HetoldHenryLoomisthatheandhisbrotherswereveryluckyinlifeandthattheyshouldserveth
9、eircountryasawaytogivethanks.HenryLoomistookthesewordsveryseriously.VOICEONE:Innineteenforty,HenryLoomisdroppedoutofHarvardUniversityinCambridge,MassachusettstojointheUnitedStatesNavy.Hewasabletoputtogoodusehisknowledgeofradartechnologythathehadlearnedaboutbecauseofhisfatherswork.Aftergraduatingatth
10、etopinhisnavaltrainingclass,HenryLoomisbecameateacherattheNavysradartrainingschoolinHawaii.InDecemberofnineteenforty-one,JapanbombedtheAmericannavalbaseatPearlHarbor,Hawaii.ThiseventmarkedtheUnitedStatesofficialentryinWorldWarTwo.VOICETWO:Bytheendofthewar,HenryLoomishadreceivedmanyhonorsforhisservic
11、e,includingaBronzeStarandanAirMedal.HeIe代theNavyinnineteenforty-sixtobegingraduatestudies.Thatyear;hemarriedhisfirstwife,MaryPaulMacLeod.MisterLoomisstudiedphysicsattheUniversityofCaliforniaatBerkeley.HeworkedasanassistanttoErnestLawrence,thedirectoroftheuniversitysradiationlaboratory.MisterLawrence
12、hadwontheNobelPrizeinnineteenthirty-nineforhisworkinnuclearphysics.HenryLoomisVOICEONE:HenryLoomislatermovedtoWashington,D.C.tobeginanotherstageofhiscareerinpublicservice.HeheldpositionsintheDepartmentofDefenseandotheragencies.MisterLoomisalsodirectedtheOfficeofIntelligenceandResearchattheUnitedStat
13、esInformationAgency.Innineteenfifty-eight,hebecamedirectoroftheVoiceofAmericaunderPresidentDwightD.Eisenhower.VOICETWO:Duringhistravelsaroundtheworld,MisterLoomissawthatEnglishwasbecominganimportantinternationallanguage.HebelievedthatitwasimportanttomakeEnglisheasiertounderstandbylistenersofVOAbroad
14、castswhosenativelanguagewasnotEnglish.SoMisterLoomisaskedVOAprogrammanagerBarryZorthiantodevelopawaytobroadcasttolistenerswithalimitedknowledgeofEnglish.VOICEONE:TheresultofthiseffortwasSpecialEnglish.ThefirstVoiceofAmericabroadcastinSpecialEnglishtookplaceonOctobernineteenth,nineteenfifty-nine.Crit
15、icsatthetimesaidtheSpecialEnglishmethodofbroadcastingataslowerratewithalimitedvocabularywouldneverwork.Americanembassiesdemandedthattheprogrambecancelled.ButMisterLoomissupportedtheprogram.Soon,VOAbegantoreceivehundredsoflettersfromlistenerspraisingtheprogram.SpecialEnglishprogramsbecamesomeofthemos
16、tpopularonVOA.Wearepleasedtosaythatourprogramsstillare.AnearlyVOAnewsroomVOICETWO:HenryLoomismadeotherimportantimprovementsatVOA.HeexpandedVOAsbroadcastingabilitybysettinguptransmitterdevicesincountriesincludingLiberiaandthePhilippines.HealsodecidedthatVOAneededacharterdocumenttomakeitsgoalsandrules
17、clear.SuchacharterwouldalsoofficiallystateVOAsindependencefromothergovernmentprograms.ThecharterstatesthatVOAhastowintheattentionandrespectofitslisteners.ItlistsVOAsgoals:toproducecorrect,balancedandexpansivebroadcasts.AndtoshowthemanysidesofAmericassociety,thoughtsandorganizations.PresidentEisenhow
18、erapprovedthecharterbeforeheleftoffice.ItwaslatersignedintolawbyPresidentFordinnineteenseventy-six.HenryLoomiscomparedtheVOAchartertotheUnitedStatesConstitution.Hesaidhebelievedthecharterrepresentedtherealitiesoftheworldandthemoralcodeofthecountry.VOICEONE:HenryLoomisresignedfromVOAinnineteensixty-f
19、iveoverdisagreementswiththegovernmentabouthowtoreportonAmericasinvolvementintheVietnamWar.MisterLoomisbelievedVOAshouldreportaboutthewarhonestly,withoutcensorshipfromtheAdministrationofPresidentLyndonJohnson.HegaveafarewellspeechatVOAheadquartersinwhichhetalkedabouthistimeworkinghere.HENRYLOOMIS:How
20、hastheVoicechangedinthesesevenyears?Inmyjudgment,themostimportantchangesarethecodificationofthemissionofVOAinourcharter.VOICEONE:MisterLoomisalsotalkedaboutprogramchangeshehelpedmake.HENRYLOOMIS:Englishbroadcastshavebeentripledanddiversified.Anewlanguage,SpecialEnglish,hasbeencreatedtoreachthosewith
21、limitedknowledgeof,andadesiretolearn,thelanguage.VOICEONE:HenryLoomissaidthathebelievedVOAservestheworldpoorlyifitisaskedtochangeitsnewsandprogramstoservegovernmentpolicyinterests.HENRYLOOMIS:IbelieveVOAservesthenationalinterestwellifitreflectsresponsibly,affirmativelyandwithoutself-consciousnesstha
22、toursisasocietyoffreemenwhopracticewhattheypreach.Todothiseffectively,wemustdoitatalltimes.Freedomisnotapart-timething.VOICEONE:MisterLoomistalkedaboutgovernmentcontrolofthepressforpoliticalreasons.HENRYLOOMIS:Tosweepundertherugwhatwedontlike,whatdoesnotserveourtacticalpurpose,isasignofweakness.VOIC
23、EONE:Buthesaidthattorecognizeforcesandopinionsthatdisagreewithgovernmentpoliciesisasignofstrength.Attheendofhisspeech,MisterLoomissaidgoodbyetoVOAworkers.HENRYLOOMIS:Ithasbeenaprivilegetohaveservedwithyou,tohavelearnedfromyou,tohavehadfunwithyou.VOICETWO:Innineteenseventy-two,HenryLoomisbecamepresid
24、entoftheCorporationforPublicBroadcasting.ThisorganizationwascreatedbyCongresstoprovidemoneyforpublictelevisionstations.Aroundthistimehemarriedhissecondwife,JacquelineChalmers.MisterLoomislaterretiredtoprivatelife.Heremainedactiveinhisfavoritesports-sailingandhunting.VOICEONE:HenryLoomisdiedintwothou
25、sandeightinJacksonville,Florida.Hewaseighty-nineyearsold.Hehadalife-longcareerofvaluableserviceinscienceandcommunications.AndwehonorhimwithaspecialthankyouforhelpingtomakethisandotherSpecialEnglishprogramspossible.(MUSIC)VOICETWO:ThisprogramwaswrittenandproducedbyDanaDemange.mBobDoughty.VOICEONE:AndmFaithLapidus.YoucanlearnmoreaboutfamousAmericansonourW.JoinusagainnextweekforPeopleinAmericainVOASpecialEnglish.
