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1、热点05活动安排及说明介绍阅读理解之单选题文体特点：中考英语中的应用文，命题特点显著，以搜寻直接信息为主，往往涵盖人物、事件、时间、地点、数字等的考查。因此，学生在备考应用文阅读时，应重点掌握寻读策略，带着问题有针对性地到文中快速寻找答案。细节理解题主要考查对文章（或某一段落）中某特定事实信息的捕捉和理解能力，通常包括直接细节理解题和间接细节理解题。直接细节理解题在原文中可直接找到答案，常用who,what,when,where,Why和how等提问。间接细节理解题需要通过有关词语和句子的转换，依靠主要事实、图表、图形来获取信息，然后利用因果、类比、时间、空间等关系进行加工或整理后方能得出结论
2、，此类试题在中考试题中占大多数。抓住文章或段落中的事实和细节是做好该题型的关键，也是做好其他类型题的基础。阅读理解之应用文包含广告、招聘、咨询和建议、通知等类型的文章。通知/启事类（比赛通知、活动通知、邀请函等）命题点：时间/日期、要求（年龄、经验等）、信息手段（书信、电话、邮件、网址等）、主旨大意新媒体语篇类（网页/媒体信息、评论/问卷等）命题点：态度倾向、推断、主旨大意、共同与不同、写作目的应宣传/介绍类命题点：数字计算、目标读者、（广告/海报、人/物/地介绍、文化习俗等）地点与活动的对应、写作目的用一文震3U蒙古+命题点：篇章出处、目标读者、词句理解/图文转换、（操作/旅游指南、实验说明
3、、作的文本生活/学习贴土、规则条例等）,止联判断、与作日时、又本关生命题规律：1 .特殊疑问句形式。以When,where,what.which,whohowmuch/many等疑问词开头引出问题。2 .填空题形式。通常涉及与主题有关的事实或细节。3 .题型和考查角度：1 .高频考点：直接信息题；间接信息题。2 .中频考点：数字计算题；3 .低频考点：细节排序题；正误判断题。A重难诠释【应试技巧】一、应用文细节理解题型方法和技巧方法1：线索句定位法（直接信息题）所谓线索句，就是为我们提供正确答案的线索，对线索句的精准定位，是阅读高分的秘诀。方法2：间接信息法解题原则：对原文多处相关信息进行整合
4、转换。方法3：数字计算法解题原则：文章中直接给出来相关数据，要经过具体的对比、分析、计算才能够得出答案。方法4：细节排除法解题原则：采用“首尾定位法”，先根据第一个事件和最后一个事件缩小范围，再根据事件发生的先后顺序和句子之间的逻辑关系，找出事件发生的正确顺序。二、应用文推理判断题型方法和技巧方法1：.文章出处或应用文类型判定法就是根据文章的语言、用词、格式、内容等推断出文章的出处，如杂志、报纸、网络等。主要考查学生对各种文章出处的特点和常识的掌握能力，以及对文章的体裁和题材的准确把握能力。方法2：.逻辑推理法根据上下文及其相互间的关系，对文章片段或全文进行深层理解来解答题目。常以时间关系、条
5、件关系、因果关系、比较关系、转折关系等作为推理根据，有时甚至还得联系作者的意图、态度等弦外之音。主要考查学生对文章细节的理解和逻辑思维的推断能力。重难通关练一、Choosethebestanswer（根据短文内容，选择最恰当的答案）WelcometotheAmericanMuseumofNaturalHistory,aplacefilledwithamazingthingstodiscover.Thefollowingwillhelpyoumakethemostofyourvisit.1.ocation:Address:200CentralParkWest,NewYork,NY10024.Ne
6、arestSubwayStations:81stStreet-MuseumofNaturalHistory(BandClines)and86thStreet(1line).TicketsandHours:Museumhoursaretypicallyfrom10:(X)A.M.to5:45RM.daily.Youcandecidehowmuchtopayforyourticket,butitsgoodtopaythesuggestedamount.It,sagoodideatobuyyourticketsonlinetoavoidlonglines.Must-SeeExhibits:Dinos
7、aurs:FeelamazedatthehugedinosaurskeletonsintheHallofSaurischianDinosaurs.TheBlueWhale:Seethelife-sizedmodelofabluewhaleintheMilsteinHallofOceanLife.TheRoseCenterforEarthandSpace:ExploretheuniverseintheHaydenPlanetariumandvisitthefamous“DarkUniveseshow.Fossils:DiscoverthewondersofancientlifeintheFoss
8、ilHalls,whereyou,llfindprehistoriccreaturesandevenaTRex!_4：Themuseumisvast,soplantospendatleasthalfadayexploringtheexhibits.Checkthedailyscheduleforspecialexhibitions,guidedtours,anddifferentshows.Takeamuseummapattheentrancetohelpyounavigatethemassivebuilding.Photography:Photographyisallowedinmostar
9、eas,butbemindfulofthe“NoPhotography“signsincertainexhibitionhalls.NearbyAttractions:Afteryourmuseumvisit,takeawalkinCentralPark,orexploreotherclplacesnearbyliketheMetropolitanMuseumofArt.VisitingtheAmericanMuseumOfNaturalHistoryislikegoingonabigadventure!Whetheryoureasciencehistoryloverortravelingwi
10、thfamily,thismuseumofferssomethingforeveryone.Enjoyyourvisit!1. Whattypeoftextisthepassage?A.Atravelreport.B.Adiary.C.Atouristguide.D.AsurveyB. in Central Park EastA.at11:OOA.M.onSundayC. for freeD. by taking A Line3. Ifyouareinterestedinspace,youcangotoB. the Fossil HallsD. the Milstein Hall of Oce
11、an LifeB. Fun for families C. Eatingtime D. Plan your visitA.theHaydenPlanetariumC.theHallOfSaurischianDinosaurs4. Whatcanbefilledintheblank?A.Exploretheexhibits5. WhichofthefollowingabouttheAmericanMuseumofNaturalHistoryisNOTTRUE?A.Takingamaphelpstovisitthemuseumbetter.B.Youcan,ttakephotographsinmo
12、stexhibitionhalls.C.Therearesomeotherattractionsnearby.D.Youcanbuythemuseumsticketsonlinetoavoidlongwaiting.6.ThepurposeofthematerialistoA. give advice to the touristsC. introduce a famous courseB.provideinformationofthemuseumD.offermoreservicesinthemuseum【答案】I.C2.A3.A4.D5.B6.B【导语】本文介绍了美国自然历史博物馆一些信息
13、，便于大家参观。1 .推理判断题。文中介绍了美国自然历史博物馆一些信息，便于大家参观，所以本文是旅游指南，故选C。2 .细节理解题。根据文中“Museumhoursaretypicallyfrom10:00A.M.to5:45RM.daily.可知，你可以在周日上午U点参观美国自然历史博物馆，故选A。3 .细节理解题。根据文中“TheRoseCenterforEarthandSpace:Exploretheuniversein(heHaydenPlanetariumandvisitthefamousDarkUniVerse，ShOW.”可知，如果你对太空感兴趣，你可以去海登天文馆，故选A。4
14、.推理判断题。根据文中“Themuseumisvast,soplantospendatleasthalfadayexploringtheexhibits.“可知，博物馆很大，要做好参观计划，选项D”计划你的参观”符合语境，故选D,5 .细节理解题。根据文中“Photographyisallowedinmostareas”可知，大多数地区都允许拍照，选项B表达错误，故选B。6 .主旨大意题。根据文中“Thefollowingwillhelpyoumakethemostofyourvisit.“可知，这篇材料的目的是提供博物馆的信息，故选B。二、Choosethebestanswer（根据短文内容
15、，选择最恰当的答案）Nowadaysmanypeoplegocampingforfun.Campingcanbeenjoyedinthebackyardordeepinthewilderness.Whethercampingforonenightorseveralweeks,beingpreparedisthekey.ElIdIeSSfunOncethetent,yourbase,isputupandthefireareaisprepared,thereislotstodo.Fishingandhikingarejustsomeofthefunactivities.Atnight,camper
16、softensitbythefire,talkingandtellingstories.Iftheweatherturnsrainy,campersusuallywaititoutintheirtents,reading,drawingorplayinggames.ReaUiredequipmentShelter,bedclothes,foodandwaterarenecessary.Decidingwhatelseyouwillneeddependsonthekindofcampingtripyouareplanningandthelengthofyourtrip.Packlightifyo
17、uaregoingtocarryequipmentanydistance.Clothingshouldbepreparedenoughtoprotectagainstweatherandinsects.Ahat,whistle,bugrepellent（驱虫剂）andropemaycomeinhandy.Don,tforgetaflashlight,acompass,cookersandafirst-aidbox.VarioustentsTherearemanytypesandstylesoftents.Youshouldchooseyourtentbasedonyourneeds.Ifyou
18、arecampingaloneinthebackyard,asimplelean-toorsmalltentmaydo.Ifyouarecampingwithyourfamily,alargercabintentorcampingtrailermaybebest.1.ean-totents*iPuptentsAlpinetentsDometentsmadefromablanketLight,idealjrbackpacking-safeforextremeweather*comeinmanysizes-ProperlocationsWhereyoudecidetosetupyourcampsi
19、teisveryimportant.Lkforahighanddrylocationifitrains.ThegroundshouldbeIeVelbecausehillsandrocksareuncomfortabletosleepon.Asunnyexposure（接触）inthemorningwithshadeintheafternoonisideal.Whereveryoucamp,itisimportanttorespecttheenvironmentaroundyou.Ifyouareinapark,makesuretofollowitsrules.Putyourgarbagean
20、dwasteinrubbishbins.Ifyouareinthewilderness,keepnoisetoaminimumanddonotdisturbtheplantsoranimals.7 .Beforecamperstakeupsomefunactivities,theyshould.A.gofishingandhikingB.chataroundthefireC.setuptheirbaseD.waitfortherain8 .Accordingtothepassage,whichitemisessentialforcamping?A.Askirt.B.Ablanket.C.Aha
21、t.D.Arope.9.Ifthecamperfacesastrongwind,whichkindoftentmightbethebestchoice?A.Lean-totents.B.Puptents.C.Alpinetents.D.Dometents.10.Theunderlinedwordtleve,probablymeansA.roughB.steepC.highD.flat11.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttobefilledintheblank?A.GreencampingB.ParkrulesC.PlantprotectorsD.Animallover
22、s12 .Themainpurposeofthispassageisto.A. callonmorepeopletotakeupcampingB. introducetheadvantagesanddisadvantagesofcampingC. offersomesuggestionsonhowtoprepareforcampingD. remindpeopletofollowtherulesofcamping【答案】7.C8.B9.C10.DII.A12.C【导语】本文是篇说明文。文章就如何准备露营提供一些建议。7 .细节理解题。根据“Endlessfun”下的OnCethetent,yo
23、urbase,isputupandthefireareaisprepared,thereislotstodo.Fishingandhikingarejustsomeofthefunaclivities.”可知，在露营者开始一些有趣的活动之前，他们应该建立自己的基地。故选C。8 .细节理解题。根据“Reauiredequipmeni”下的Shelter,bedclothes,foodandwaterarenecessary.”并结合选项可知，毯子是露营必不可少的。故选B。9 .细节理解题。根据“VariousIenlS”下的“Alpinetentssafeforextremeweathef,11
24、知，如果露营者面临强风，那么最好选择Alpinetents(故选Co10 .词句猜测题。根据“ThegroundshouldbeIeVelbecausehillsandrocksareuncomfortabletosleepon.”可知，地面要平整，因为在山上和岩石上睡觉不舒服，所以IeVel的含义是“平的”，D项符合。故选D。11 .推理判断题。根据“Whereveryoucamp,itisimportanttorespecttheenvironmentaroundyou.“可知，此处是露营与环保之间的关系，所以A项符合。故选A。12 .主旨大意题。根据第段中的Whethercampingf
25、oronenightorseveralweeks,beingpreparedisthekey.可知，文章就如何准备露营提供一些建议。故选C。三、Choosethebestanswer（根据短文内容，选择最恰当的答案）FollowthecountrysideCOdeAutumnisalovelytimeforgettinginthecountrysidetoappreciateallthebeautifulcoloursonthetrees.However,didyouknowthatthereareguidelinesforenjoyingthegreatoutdoors?Herearethe
26、mainthingsthatyouneedtoknow.CareforeachotherBefriendlytopeoplewholiveandworkinthecountryside,aswellasfellowvisitors.Thatmeanssharingspacesandnotmakingtoomuchnoise.Cyclistshavetogivewaytowalkers.However,ifyourenotcyclingorriding,youshouldwatchoutforslowerwalkers.KeePtopathWhilemuchofthecountrysideisa
27、vailabletothepublic,manyareasarealsoprivate.Followsignsandstayonplannedpathstoavoiddamagingcrops,disturbinganimalsorgettinglost.Usegatesandpaths.Leavegatesasyoufoundthemorfollowinstructionsonsignstopreventanimalsfromescapingorbeingunabletoreachfood.LeaVenothingbehindIfyouhaveapicnic,makesureyouclear
28、upafterwardsandtakeallyourlitterhome.Rubbishcanbeharmfultowildlife.Ifyouhaveadog,baganydogpooandbinitifyoucan,ortakeithome.Neverlightfiresandonlyhavebarbecuesiftherearesigns.Becarefulnottosteponplants.Leaverocksandstoneswheretheyare.Keeparespectfuldistancefromwildbirdsandanimals.Keepyourdogsundercon
29、trol,onaleadorwithinyoursightBeforeyouhittheroad,youshoulddesignyourroutebyusingmapsorappschecktheweatherconditionsandmakesureyouaredressedcorrectlytakewaterandsnackstokeepyougoing13.Theunderlinedword“codeisclosestinmeaningtoA. rulesB. signsC. sightsD. messages14.A. Making noise.B. Sharing spaces.C.
30、 Giving way to cyclists.D. Watching out for animals.Whatarevisitorssupposedtodotoshowcareforeachotherinthecountryside?15.A. Your dog might eat it.B. Animals will go hungry.C. The forest will be on fire.D.Wildlife will be in danger.Whatwillhappenifyouleaverubbishbehindinthecountryside?16.A. Make a fr
31、iendB.Grow plantsC. Protect the environmentD.Respect everyoneWhichofthefollowingbestfitsintheblank?17.A. leave your gale openB.keep your dog under controlC. take water and snacks for your dogD.make sure you are properly dressedBeforeyouleaveforthecountryside,youshould18.A. ask for help B. give advic
32、eC.teach a lessonD. voice an opinion【答窠】13. A 14. B 15. D16. C17. D 18. BThetextaboveisaimedto【导语】本文主要介绍了在乡村游玩时的些注意事项。13 .词义猜测题。根据FollowthecountrysideCOde”以及Herearethemainthingsthatyouneedtoknow”并结合文章内容可知，文章主要介绍了在乡村要注意的事项，此处是要遵循乡村规则，因此此处划线部分和rules意义相近。故选A。14 .细节理解题。根据“Befriendlytopeoplewholiveandwor
33、kinthecountryside,aswellasfellowvisitors.Thatmeanssharingspacesandnotmakingtoomuchnoise”可知互相关心意味着共享空间，不要制造太多噪音。故选B015 .细节理解题。根据“RubbishcanbeharmfultoWiIdIi电”可知垃圾可能对野生动物有害。故选D。16 .推理判断题。根据“Becarefulnoltosleponplains”可知本段主要内容和保护环境有关，选项C“保护环境”符合。故选C。17 .细节理解题。根据“checktheweatherconditionsandmakesureyoua
34、redressedCOrreCtIy”可知在你去乡下之前，你应该确保你穿得得体。故选D。18 .主旨大意题。本文主要介绍了在乡村游玩时的一些注意事项，因此本文是为了给出一些建议。故选B。四、Choosethebestanswer（根据短文内容，选择最恰当的答案）Everyyearthousandsofyoungpeopleleaveschoolforafewweeksormonthsandenjoyanunusualtypeofeducationalprogram.WhattheyIeamduringthistimedoesnotcomefrombooks.TheyIeamnewskillsb
35、ylivinginadifferentcountryanddoingunusualjobs.Thereareseveralorganizationsthathelpstudentstofindtheexperiencetheyarelookingfor.Thejobdescriptiontablebelowshowsafewpossibilitiesforstudents.CountryJobTimeDescriptionIndiaTeachingyoungchildrenTwomonthsTeachmusicandart*Helpchildrentolearnhowtocommunicate
36、GhanaHealthcareworkerThreemonths* Seehowdoctorsworkinalessdevelopedcountry* HelpcareforsickpeopleThailandSavingelephantsThreeweeks* Cleaningelephants* HelpingtrainelephantsOneinterestingpossibilityishelpingelephantsinThailand.Mostpeoplethinkofelephantsasanimalsinzoosorcircuses.Now,hundredsofthemareh
37、omeless.Thesegentleanimalsareoftenfoundonthestreetsastheydonothaveownerstocareforthem.Althoughtheymaylookwell,theyareofteninpoorhealthanddonthaveenoughtoeat.OnecenterinThailandcaresfortheseelephants.Itprovidesasafeandnaturallivingspaceforthem.Whentheyareatthecenter,theystayinabuildingbutarefreetowal
38、karound.Studentscomefromallovertheworldtohelphere.Thestudentshelpersworkwiththeelephantkeepers.Thesekeeperstrainthestudentsincaringfortheelephants.Inthemorning,theygototheforesttogetherandleadtheelephantstothecenter.Theycleanthemandgivethemfood.Intheafternoon,theytaketheanimalsbackintotheforestforth
39、enight.Helpingatthecenterisinterestingandtheyoungpeoplelearnalot.19 .HowlongdoestheeducationalprograminGhanalast?A.TwomonthsB.ThreemonthsC.ThreeweeksD.Twoweeks20 .WhichofthefollowingisNOTTRUEabouttheeducationalprogram?A.ItenablesstudentstoIeamnewskillsB.Itcanenrichstudents,experienceC.Itoffersawider
40、angeofchoicesD.Itdoesn,trequiretimeawayfromhome.21 .Whereshouldthissentencegointhesecondparagraph?However,manyelephantsarenoIongerkeptincaptivity.A.aftersentenceB.aftersentenceC.aftersentenceD.aftersentence22 .Theunderlinedwordit”inthethirdparagraphreferstoA.ThailandB.thecenterC.theelephantD.livings
41、pace23 .Whatdostudentsprobablydoiftheyjointhe4iSavingelephantsprogram?feedelephantscleanelephantstrainelephantsrideelephantsA.B.C.D.24 .Whichofthefollowingmightbethebestslogan（标语）foreducationalprogram?A. Workingwithanimalsisgreatfun!B. Astepclosertorealizingyourdream!C. Ajobcanbealearningexperience!
42、D. 1.earningoutsideschoolisdifficult!【答案】19.B20.D21.A22.B23.C24.C【导语】本文主要介绍了几个不同国家所提供的为了让学生在不同领域获得不同经验的些项目，重点介绍了泰国的关爱大象项目。19 .细节理解题。根据“Threemonths”可知加纳的项目持续三个月。故选B。20 .细节理解题。根据“TheyIeamnewskills”可知学生们能学到新技能，排除A；根据“fdtheexperienceIheyarelookingfbr可知能够丰富学生的经历，排除B；根据“Thejobdescriptiontablebelowshowsafe
43、wPOSSibiIilieSfOrSlUdemS.”可知给学生提供了广泛的选择，排除C。故选D。21 .推理判断题。根据“MostpeoplethinkofelephantsasanimalsinzoosorCirCUSeS”以及Now,hundredsofthemarehomeless”可知大多数人认为大象是动物园或马戏团里的动物，但是现在大象不再被圈养，数百只大象无家可归，由此可推知，“然而，许多大象不再被圈养”可放在第一句后面。故选A。22 .词义猜测题。根据“OnecenterinThailandcaresfortheseelephants.Itprovidesasafeandnatu
44、rallivingspaceforthem.”可知泰国的一个中心照顾这些大象，它为他们提供了一个安全自然的生活空间，故此处it指代“一个中心故选B。23 .细节理解题。根据“Inthemorning,theygototheforesttogetherandleadtheelephantstothecenter.Theycleanthemandgivethemfood.Intheafternoon,theyIaketheanimalsbackintotheforestforthenighl”可知早上，他们一起去森林，把大象带到中心，他们清洗它们并给它们食物，下午，他们把动物带回森林过夜，即。故选
45、C。24 .主旨大意题。本文主要介绍了几个不同国家所提供的为了让学生在不同领域获得不同经验的一些项目，重点介绍泰国的关爱大象项目，故本文的标语可为：工作可以是一种学习体验。故选C。五、Choosethebestanswer（根据短文内容，选择最恰当的答案）TherewasatimewhenNewYorkCitybuildingswerealmostallthesameheight.Todayyoucanseebuildingsofdifferentheightsthatseemtotouchthesky.TheyarecalledSZySCZ即es（摩天大楼）.Theyshapethefamo
46、usNewYorkCityskyline.Itstartedabout90yearsago.Itbeganlikearace.Thiswasn,taracedownthestreetoraroundatrack（跑道）.Itwasaraceforthesky.Whowasracing?Buildingswere.Theirbuilderswereactuallyracingtobuildtheworldstallestskyscraper.Theracestartedslowly.FirstcametheWoolworthBuilding,in1913.Itrose792feetontheso
47、uthernsideofthecity.Fromfaraway,itlookedlikeathincastlefloating（漂浮）inthesky.Thentheraceheatedup.In1930,twoskyscraperswerenearingcompletion.TheBankofManhattanBuildingwasfinishedfirst.Itroseupto927feetintothesky.BuilderswerethenputtingaroundroofonthetopoftheChryslerBuilding.Itshotupto925feet.TheBankofManhattan,twofeettaller,seemedtobethewinner.Abigpartywasheldtocelebrateitsvictory.Afewweekslater,NewYorkerssawastrangesight.ThedaythattheChryslerBuildingwastobecompleted,work
