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1、热点10人与自然阅读理解之首字母填空题A命题趋势1）首字母填空题答题时要求既要使所填的词在语法和语义上正确，又要使其符合短文内容与情景的需要，所给出的词首字母同时起着提示和限定的作用。它不仅考查学生在词汇、语法等方面的基础知识，还考察理解、推导、分析等综合能力。2）从近几年的考题来看，短文填空题所考查的单词涉及的词性范围较广，几乎涉及到了十大词类；文中所涉及的语言知识面较宽，学生需运用已学过的词法、句法及常用词组、短语、惯用法等知识进行具体分析后再答题，有一定的难度。文章短小、精致，字数通常在100150之间。短文的体裁不一，有记叙文、说明文、议论文等。短文题材丰富，内容通俗易懂，与现代生活紧
2、密相关，可读性、趣味性强，符合初中生的认知特点。英语阅读主题意境中涉及到A自然的主要话题包括：自然环境与人类生活：作品可能探讨人类与自然环境之间的关系，如人类如何依赖自然、影响自然以及适应自然环境。生态平衡与可持续发展：作品可能探讨人类对自然环境破坏与保护，倡导生态平衡和可持续发展的重要性。自然景观与情感体验：作品可能描述自然景观对人类情感的影响，如大自然所带来的宁静、美丽、震撼等情感体验。自然与文化：作品可能反映人类文化与自然环境的交融，探讨自然对于文化塑造和启发的作用。A重难诠程*-V【应试技巧】01通读全文，了解大意通读全文的目的是能够做到整体把握文章，迅速的r解文章大意，并且对文章的整
3、体结构和中心思想有一个基本的了解。通读全文时，不宜看一空填一空，以免造成所填答案不符合全文的要求。02把握段首句中考的首字母往往以议论文为主，而段落的开首句，往往揭示了整段的段意。因此在考试中，把握好段首句，可以窥探到整段的全貌，以首句的时态，意义为立足点，可以方便我们判断整段的大意及主题。03抓住关键词文章的展开是按照定的逻辑关系的，因此在文章中，作者也会使用一些关键的表现逻辑关系联词，例如：but、s。、inaddition等。这些关键词，可以帮助我们联系上下文展开合理的逻辑分析，了解所提问的特定语境和语篇的内在关系。04熟悉考纲词组的固定搭配考纲搭配在中考的考查中占据了重要的位置，而在首
4、字母中，也出现过直接考查固定搭配的情况，因此，在平时的学习过程中，需要巩固好考纲词组。05联系上下文解题在解题过程中，应当遵循“先易后难的原则，当遇到解不出的题时，应当跳过。首字母填空着重考查学生对上下文的理解，因此，很多情况下，随着下文的展开和文章的深入，前面填不出的词，在下文中会有提示。因此，学生在作答时，应当加强联系前后文，充分利用上下文中的有效信息，确定答案。06重读文章，检验答案当全部答完后，定要把文章重新读遍。查看文章是否通顺，语法是否有误。如果发现有不顺畅的地方，则需要再进行推敲。个别单词的形式要着重注意。例如：动词的时态，名词的单复数以及形容词副词的级。重难通关练一、Readt
5、hepassageandfillintheblankswithproperWOrdS（在短文的空格内填入适当的词，是其内容通顺，每空格限填一次，首字母已给）Nowadays,theenvironmentalprotectionisbecomingoneofthemostimportantissuesintheworld.Beingoneofthem1ofoursociety,whatshallwedotoprotecttheenvironment?First,stopusingp2bags,boxesandbottles.Storesshouldberequiredtousethebags,b
6、oxesandbottleswhicharemadefrompaper.Secondly,moreandmoretreesandflowersshouldbeD3tokeepoursurroundingclean.Peoplemustberequiredtoplantplantsaroundtheirhousesandworkplaces.F4wemustcontrolthepollutionbylaw,accordingtowhich,pollutedwaterandairexhaustedfromfactoriesshouldbeforbidden.Thesearesomeofthemea
7、suresthatwecantaketoprotectourenvironmentandtheyarenothardtasksforus.Remember,theearthistheo5planetwecouldliveatpresent.Sincethefirstday,BNBMhaspaidmoreattentiontoprotecttheenvironmentasitssocialresponsibility,bydevelopinggreenbuildingmaterials,producinggreenp6andcreatinggreenenterprises.Accordingto
8、thespiritof“F7thenature,forthenatureandreturntothenature,BNBMhastrieditsbestindevelopingnewtechnologyandimprovingequipmenttoreducethepollution.二、ReadthepassageandllintheblankswithproperWOrdS（在短文的空格内填入适当的词，是其内容通顺，每空格限填一次，首字母已给）Weknowanimalshaveemotions.Theycanfeelfear.Wealsothinktheyfeellove,sincethe
9、yhavestrongrelationshipswitheachother.SoareanimalemotionsS8toourown?Anddoanimalshaveasenseofhumor?AParrofsJokeSally,sparrotBongodidntgetalongwithhera9parrot,Paco.Infact,BongoclearlydidntlikePacoatall!Oneday,Sallycookedachickenfordinner.Shestartedtocutthechickenwithaknife.“Oh,no!Paco!,Bongosaidloudly
10、andlaughed.Sallylaughed,too,andsaid,44ThatchickenisnotPaco.”“Ohno,saidBongo.Thistime,shesoundedd10Thentheparrotlaughedatherownjoke.YogaDogJeanenjoysyogaandsodoesherdogBuffy.W11Jeandoesyoga,BuffycarefullyplaceshertoysonJeansbody.Ifatoyfalls,Buffymstoputitb12Doesthisbehaviorhaveanyrealpurpose?tfcShcth
11、inksitsfunny!,saysJean.AnimalLaughterCandogs“laugh？Recentresearchshowsthatdogscantelleachotherwhentheywanttoplay.Theymakeaspecialsoundakindof“laugh.Psychologist（心理学家）Patriciarecordedthesound.Thensheplayedittodogsands13theirbehavior.ttAllthedogsseemedtoliketheIaUghJsaysPatricia.Sodoanimalshaveasenseo
12、fhumor?Iflaughterisaclue,thenp14theanswerisyes!.三、ReadthepassageandfillintheblankswithPn）PerwordS（在短文的空格内填入适当的词，是其内容通顺，每空格限填一次，首字母已给）PlantsTalkScientistshaveknownforyearsthatplantsrespondtosoundsaroundthem.ButnowscientistsinIsraelhaveshownthatplantsalsoseemtobedoingsome“talking”.ProfessorHadanyandhe
13、rteamatAvivUniversitysetupmicrophonestor15tomatoplantsunderdifferentsituations.Theresultshowedthattheplantsmadeultrasonicsounds（超声波）.Whentheresearcherschangedthesoundsintoonesthathumanscouldhear,theyheardsharpclickingnoises（咔哒声）.Asthescientistsstudiedthesounds,theynoticetheregularity.Plantsh16clicke
14、dwhentheyhadenoughwater.ButastheirSOiI（土壤）goidrier,theybegantoclick.Whenscientistscutoffastemfromtheplants,theplantsalsoclickedmore.Buttheclickingwasntthesameaswhentheplantsneededwater.Theresultsuggeststhatresearchersmayonedaybeabletouseaplantssoundstofindoutwhenitishavingtrouble,andwhattroubleitish
15、aving.Thatcouldbeveryhelpfultof17Theotherresearchhasshownthatplantsalsomakesoundstocommunicateinsomeways.Wheninsectsa18aplant,itwillgiveawarningtoitsneighbours.Soon,nearbyplantsstarttomakechemicalsthatdonttastegoodtoinsects.Itsaneffectivewayforplantstop19themselves.Thenhereisaquestion:Isanythinglist
16、eningtotheplants?Dr.Hadanypointsoutthatmicewholiveonplantscanhearthesounds.Theclicksmaytellthemwhetheraplanthasproblems.Iftheplantisn,th20theywillavoidit.AsDr.Hadanysays,ttEveninaquietfield,thereareactuallysoundsthatwedonthear,andthosesoundscarryi21.Theteamsresearchhasalreadychangedourideasaboutplan
17、ts.”四、ReadthepassageandfillintheblankswithPn)PerWOrdS(在短文的空格内填入适当的词，是其内容通顺，每空格限填一次，首字母已给）Name:DameJaneMorrisGoodallBorn:3April1934Knownfor:Beingthefirstpersontostudychimpanzees（黑猩猩）inthewildImportantdiscoveries:Foundthatchimpanzeeshaveemotions,usetoolsandeatmeat.（N:NationalGeographicKidsMagazineJ:Ja
18、neGoodall）N:HiJane,whendidyoufirstknowyouwantedtoworkwithanimals?J:IwastenwhenIdecidedIwantedtogotoAfricaandlivewithwildanimalsandwritebooksaboutthem.That,sabout70yearsagonow,andatthattimethengirlsinEnglanddidn,thavethoseopportunities（机会）.Soeverybodylaughedatmeandsaid,4tJane,d22aboutsomethingyoucana
19、chieve?Butmymothersaid,44Ifyoureallywantsomething,you,regoingtohavetoworkhardandnevergiveup!”N:Greata23!What,sbeenunusualabouttheworkyouvedone?J:Istudiedanimalsinadifferentway.WhileIwasinTanzaniainthe1960s,otherscientiststoldmeddonemywholestudyofchimpanzeesW24.TheyexplainedthatIshouldn,thavegiventhe
20、chimpanzeesnamesandthattheyshouldhavebeennumbered.IwastoldIcouldnttalkabouttheirpersonalities,mindsoremotionsbecausetheythoughtonlyhumanshadthosethings.Butluckily,dlearnedfrommydogasachildthatwhattheysaidwasnott25atall.N:Itsoundslikehavingachildhoodpetreallyhelpedyouinyourstudies!WhatareyoumostD26of
21、?J:Helpingpeopletounderstandthathumansarcpartoftheanimalkingdom,notseparatefromit.WhenIstartedout,nobodyelsewasstudyingchimpanzeesinthewild,soIwasabletoshowhowtheirbehaviourislikeo27-kissing,hugging,holdinghands,pattingoneanother,etc.N:Whatt28wouldyougivetoNGKidsreaderswhowanttohaveawildcareerlikeyo
22、urs?J:You,vegottoreally,reallywantit!Youcouldgotouniversityandgostraightintoresearch,buttherearealsolotsofchancesforvolunteeringorforworkingatzoos.Keepyourearsopenforopportunities.N:Thanksforthechat,Jane!五、ReadthepassageandfillintheblankswithproperWOrdS（在短文的空格内填入适当的词，是其内容通顺，每空格限填一次，首字母已给）Everyyear,t
23、housandsofpeopleslivesareaffectedbydisasters.ThisweektheeditorBeckyinNewsMagazinei29adisastersurvivorFiona.Becky:Fiona,youwereinacyclone（龙卷风）.Wherewasthat?Fiona:InnorthAustralia,inNormanton.ThatswhereIlive.Becky:Whatdidyoudowhenthecyclonearrived?Fiona:Weallstayedinside,inthebasement,becausethatstheS
24、30place.Wecouldhearthestormcomingcloserandcloser.Thenoisewasawful.Atonepointtherewasareallyloudnoise.Ithought:Thatsit!It,sgoingtodestroythehouse!mIwasS31.Becky:Andwhathappenedafterthecyclone?Fiona:Therewereterribleflds.Morethan360millimetresofrainfellinjusttwenty-fourhours.Thearmyhadtobringfoodandwa
25、tertothewholeareabyplaneandhelicopter.TheS32thingwasthatwavesfromthecoastandriversfloodedthelandandcarriedthreecrocodilestonearmyhouse!Oneofmyneighbourshitacrocodilewithhiscar-itwas1.6metreslong.Becky:Really?Thatshardtobelieve!Soiseverythingb33tonormalagainnow?Fiona:Notreally.Thefloodshavegone,butth
26、eydestroyedalotofhomesandfarms.Itsgoingtocostatleast110milliondollarstorepairthedamage.Becky:IstheW34usuallythisbad?Fiona:No,butthissummerwasveryhot.Ifitstayshot,therewillprobablybeanothercyclone.Alltheexpertssaythatthechancesoftheextremetemperaturesandheavyrainwilli35becauseofclimatechange.培优争分练一、R
27、eadthepassageandfillintheblankswithPn）PerwordS（在短文的空格内填入适当的词，是其内容通顺，每空格限填一次，首字母已给）TheElephantandtheRopeAgentlemanwaswalkingthroughanelephantcamp.Hesuddenlystopped.Herealizedthattheelephantsweren,tbeingkeptincagesorheldbytheuseofChainS（链条）.Eachofthegiantanimalswasheldbyonlyasmallropetiedtoitsfrontleg
28、.Themanfeltconfused.ItwasC36thattheelephantscould,atanytime,breakawayfromtheirbondsandrunaway.But,forsomereason,theydidnot.Infact,theydidnttrytoescapeatall.Hesawatrainernearby.Curiousandwantingtoknowtheanswer,hewentupandasked,ttExcuseme,butIwanttoknowwhytheelephantsarcjuststandingthere.Whydotheyneve
29、rtrytorunaway?”Thetrainerreplied,ttWhentheelephantsareveryyoungandmuchsmaller,Weuseropesofthesamesizetotiethem.Atayounga37theelephantsarenotstrongenoughtobreakfreefromtheropes.Theytryandtry,butfaileachtime.Astheygrowup,theyareconditionedlo（习惯于）believetheycannotbreakaway.Theybelievetheropescanstillho
30、ldthem,sotheyn38trytobreakfreeeveragain.”1.39theelephants,howmanyofusgothroughlifehangingontoabeliefthatwecannotdosomething,simplybecausewefailedatitoncebefore?Ithinkeveryoneofuscanrelatetothisstoryandthefeelingofhavingfailedatsomethingoranotherovertheyears.Overtime,wemightbegintothinkthatwearenotab
31、letodoaPartiCUIar（特定的）thingandwea40thisasthetruthandnevertryagain.Wethinktoourselves,“Itriedthatbeforeanditdidntworkout.Whatisthepointintryingitagainandw41mytime?Idontwanttolooklikeafbol!”Andthisishowwestarttosettleforalifethatissafeandlessexciting,However,wecouldregardalltheso-called“failures“inour
32、livesasjuststeppingstonesalongourpath,anddecidetorespondinawaythatispositive.Saytoyourself,“Ah,well,atleastItied.NowIknowawrongwaytodoit,soitmakesmynextattempl（尝试）clearer!”So,don,tlimityourselftoasmallworld.Stayf42onwhatyouwanttoachieveandkeeptryinguntilyousucceed.Youwillneverknowhowfaryoucangountil
33、youhavethecouragetodoit.Andifyoufall,justgetupandtryagain!二、ReadthepassageandfillintheblankswithPn）PerwordS（在短文的空格内填入适当的词，是其内容通顺，每空格限填一次，首字母已给）Plasticisaconvenience,butbothregularandmicroplasticscanhurttheenvironment.Therefore,actionmustbetakentoreducetheiruse.Therearemanyd43waystoreduceyourplasticu
34、seathome.Tobeginwith,besureto1） Shoppingproperlyrecycleeverythingyoucanandthrowawaywhatyoucant,suchasplasticcupsanddishes.Ifyou,dliketotakefurtherstepstomakeyourhomefreefromplastics,considerusingsimplealtematives（替代品）toeverydayproductslikepersonalcareitems.Forexample,am44ofbakingsodavinegar,hotwaler
35、andlemoncaneffectivelyreplacetraditionalcleanersthatcomeinharmfulplasticbottles.maybeoneofthehardestthingstodowhentryingtoavoidplastic.ReplacingplasticshoppingbagswithreusableonesisagoodS45,andthereismuchmoreyoucando.Beforeyouwalkoutofthedoor,makesureyouhaveanaccurateshoppinglistwithe46whatyouwillne
36、edoreat.Thiswillnotonlyreducefoodwastebutalsotheamountofplasticpackagingyouthrowawayeveryyear.Believeitornot,itispossibletoavoidplasticswhileonvacation.Youmaybookoneofthehotelsthathave147theuseofplastics.Thesehotelshardlyprovideguestswiththeplasticsthatcanonlybeusedonce.Asfortake-homegifts,don,tbuyp
37、roductsmadefromplastics.Sticktobuyingthosemadefromnaturalmaterialslikemetalsorplants.Ori48giveuptraditionalgiftscompletelyandgivesomeoneapictureyoutookyourself,whichcanbemorespecialforthepurposeofhelpingtheplanet.Itseemslikeadifficulttasktotakealltheactionsimmediately,sobeginsmallandlakelargerstepst
38、owardsaplastic-freelife.Don,tbeafraidtoshareyourstorieswithothers.WhileaS49person,sefibrtwouldntmakemuchdifference,onlymanypeoplesactionscanchangetheworldforthebetter.Ifwecanhelpotherpeoplemakethechangetoaplastic-freelife,we,llbedoingtheworldahugefavor.三、ReadthepassageandfillintheblankswithproperWOr
39、dS（在短文的空格内填入适当的词，是其内容通顺，每空格限填一次，首字母已给）Fewthingsareaswonderfulasvisitingabeautifulnaturalplace,breathingthefreshairandmarvelingatthelandscape.Butenjoyingnaturecomesataprice,Peoplemaymakenaturemessyiftheyaren,tC50.Thereshouldberulestokeeppeoplefromaccidentallyharmingnature.In1990,theLeaveNoTracemoveme
40、ntattemptedtohelp.Theyintroducedthefollowingsevenprinciplestoencouragepeopletobothenjoyandprotectthegreatoutdoors.Plana51Thismeansmorethanjustdecidingwhichdaytogo.Checktheweatherforecast,planwhatclothingtowear,andthinkaboutawatersupply.Checktheareasrulesforuse.Hikeandcamponsurfacesthatdon,tdamageeas
41、ily.Grassiseasilydamaged.Alreadyusedareasorareaswithnograssarebetterchoicesforcamping.Dealwithwastep52Neverleavegarbagebehind.Don,tabandonyourfoodwrappers,cansorleftovers.Takeoutwhatyoutakein.1.eavewhatyoufind.Takehomeanycampingorbikinggear,butleavebehindthatcoolrockorflower.Reducecampfired53Buildyo
42、urfireonlyinanappropriatelocation.Checkontheconditionsoftheareabeforegoingthere.Sometimesbuildingcampfiresisntallowed.Neverbuildafirewhenweatherconditionsaretoodryorwindy,Respectwildlife.Youshouldstayatleast100metersawayfromwildlife,soyoudontd54anyanimals.Gettingtooclosecouldbefatal.Protectyourfoods
43、oanimalscan,tgetintoit,anddon,tfeedtheanimalsanything.Bekindtoothervisitors.Dontmakeloudnoisesorplayloudmusicwhenyoureoutinnaturalenvironments.Itannoysboththeanimalsandhumans.Donttravelinlargeg55asitmakesittroublesomefortoomanypeopletomovearoundonthetrail.Thesesevenprinciplescanhelpe56sharetheoutdoo
44、rscomfortably.Weallneedtotakecareoftheearthweknowandlove.四、ReadthepassageandfillintheblankswithPn）PerWordS（在短文的空格内填入适当的词，是其内容通顺，每空格限填一次，首字母已给）InJapan,travellingbytrainisverypopular.Whenrailwaysfirstspread,manyrailwaystationsweremanagedbySIalionmaSterS（火车站站长）.Thesestationmastersneededomakesurethateve
45、rythingwentwellattheirownstations.Manystationsstoppedemploying（雇用）stationmastersalongtimeago.However,inrecentyears,anewtypeofstationmasterhasa57inJapan:theanimalstationmaster.ThisallstartedwhenastationinJapandecidedtoemployacatnamedTamaasitsstationmasterinordertoimprovebusiness.TheareaaroundKishiSta
46、tiondidn,tgetanyV58.Thetrainswereoftenempty.In2004,thestationwasalmostshutdownbecausetherewerefewcustomers.ThemanwhoworkedatKishiStationasanunofficialstationmasterwasalsotheownerofagroceryStore（杂货店）nexttothestation.HetookcareofastreetcatnamedTama.In2007,hedecidedtoi59Tamatothemanageroftherailwayline
47、asthestationmaster.Beforethat,Tamahadalreadybeenapopularcatamonglocalpeople.ThemanagernoticedTama,spopularityandmadeherthenewstationmasterofKishiStation.Tama,sbossesdidnothavetogiveheranymoneyassalaries.I60theygaveherfreefood.Sheneededtogreetcustomersandwearastationmastershatandauniform.Afterall,ast
48、ationmastermustlooks61forthecustomersatalltimes.Soon,Tamaattractedalotofattention.MoreandmorepeoplewouldgoallthewaytothestationtoseeTamaandtakepictureswithher.Inaveryshorttime,Tamanotonlybroughtbusinesstothestation,butalsobroughtafewbillionyen（日元）tothelocale62Tamaseemedtoenjoybeingthecentreofattention,andcontinuedtoworkatthestationuntilshediedin2015attheageof16.Itsagreatageforacat（about80inhumanyears）.Herfuneral（葬礼）wasattendedbymanyofherfans,whoS63saidgoodbyetothesuperstationmasterforonelasttime.五、ReadthepassageandfillintheblankswithPn）PerwOrdS（在短文的空格内填入适当的词，是其内容通顺，每空格限填一次，首字母已给）Haveyousee
