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1、热点09人与自我阅读理解之首字母填空题首字母填空类短文题是近几年中考试题经常采用的题型之一，因为它有非常好的信度和效度，又能拉开考生间的分差、提高区分度。这种题型属于能力测试的范畴，它考查的范围极广，可以是英语知识的方方面面，还可能涉及其它学科。它要求考生在充分理解短文的基础上将单词拼写出来，并且单词形式合理,符合语法规范，符合短文需要。这种试题的首字母已给，所填的就必须是该字母开头的单词。这既是一种限制，又是一种提示。可是这种题型因难度相对较大，考生失分现象比较严重。学生要仔细阅读全文，利用上下文提供的有关信息，再仔细阅读相关句子，判断所缺单词的句子成分，才能完成练习。完型填空式中考试卷中最
2、难的题型，最能测量考生实际运用语言的能力。要做好此类题目，考生不但要有较强的语感，善于体会上下文的内在联系，而且要有扎实的语言知识储备和较大的词汇量C考查重点是名词、动词、形容词、副词和代词这几大词类。英语阅读主题意境中涉及到人与自我的主要话题包括:自我认知与成长：作品可能探讨人物对自己内心世界的认知，以及他们在经历中的成长和变化。自我实现与追求，作品可能探讨人物对于自我价值的实现与追求，及他们在这个过程中面对的困难和挑战。内心世界与情感表达：作品可能描绘人物内心的复杂情感，以及他们如何通过行为和言辞来表达这些情感。自我价值与存在意义：作品可能探讨人物对于自我价值意义的思考，以及他们对生活、命
3、运的理解与回应。【应试技巧】短文填空题失分率较高，其原因也是较多的。有些同学或急于求成，或过于自信，或为节省时间，在未通读完全文时便匆匆答题。殊不知这样做会适得其反，达不到良好的效果。因此，了解和掌握正确的解题方法和技巧是十分必要的。1 .通读全文，了解大意短文中虽有一些词未知，但不影响对文章主要内容的理解。在初步阅读中，可以跳过空格，尽量捕捉文章所提供的内容信息、，以及语法结构方面的提示，有助于下一步的分析与判断。2 .再读全文，理清脉络通读全文、掌握大意后，还应逐字逐句地仔细阅读，从文意中找出句与文、句与句、词与句、词与词之间的关系，尤其是一些不易察觉的、隐含的微妙关系，用已知信息去获取未
4、知信息，以便初步确定答案。在答题过程中，同学们可以把有把握的词先填好，逐步减少空格对阅读造成的障碍，然后再仔细推敲剩下的难题。3 .仔细推敲，确保准确词义判断正确了不等于答题正确，同学们还应从词法、句法、惯用法等方面考虑答案的准确性。有的学生经过思考确定了一个意思正确的词作为答案，但忽略了从语法角度再进行验证，因而出现了一些与时态、人称等有关的词形变化的错误。如果填的词是名词，首先要考虑到单、复数的问题；如果是动词，要考虑应使用什么时态和语态。注意：填入的词既能使句意通顺，又能做到语法、用词搭配的正确。如bought易误答成buy；IightS易误答成light；reaches易误答成reac
5、h;heavier易误答成heavy等。因此，在初步确定答案后，一定还要反复考虑，仔细推敲，确保用词准确4 .复读全文，全面检查答题完毕后复读全文，进行核查是必不可少的。做完题后，一定要认真检查，尽量减少粗心所致的笔误或拼写错误，对有疑问的地方，更要根据文章的内容、上下文的语法结构、逻辑发展进行反复斟酌，这样才能尽量避免失分。重难通关练一、ReadthepassageandfillintheblankswithproperWordS（在短文的空格内填入适当的词，是其内容通顺，每空格限填一次，首字母已给）Peoplewanttoknowifpre-mademealsarehealthyenoug
6、hforteenagers.Pre-mademealsrefertohalf-finishedorfinisheddishesthatarealreadycookedorprepared,accordingtotheChinaCuisineAssociation（中国烹饪协会）.Thereareseveralkindsofpre-madefoods:ready-to-eatfood,suchascannedfoodorcookedfoodinpackages,andready-to-heatorready-to-cookfood.Thesefoodsusuallyr1heatingorcook
7、ingfirstbeforebeingserved.Manypeoplethinkthatpre-madefoodsarelesshealthybecausetheyusuallyneedtobekeptinf2tinfact,freezingitselfdoesnotcausenutrition（营养）loss,“LiuJunya,a33-year-oldprofessorindietinBeijingsaid.“Butnutritionlossdoeshappenwhenweheatorfrythefood.VitaminsBandCinmeatandvegetablescanbelost
8、duringthatp3Bybeingheatedorcookedtwiceormore,pre-madefoodscanbelessnutritiousthanfreshlypreparedandcookedfoods/Liusaid.“B4,manypre-madefoodcompaniesputthetasteoffoodaheadofnutrition,saidLiu.Thisleadstohigherlevelofsaltandsugarinthefoodandmaycauseserioushealthproblemsinthelongterm.Additives（添加剂）area5
9、problemrelatedtopre-madefoods.Theyaremainlyusedtoimprovetheflavourofthefood,aswellastokeepit,increaseitsshelflife,andcolorit.InChina,foodindustryhasalreadyhadmoderntechnologytokeeppre-madefdswithoutanyadditives.Inthiswaysomefoodcanbekeptforalongertime.Butit,sn6thatcustomersonlybuypre-madefoodsfrombi
10、gandqualified（有资质的）foodcompaniesorsupermarkets.Itishopedthatlawsonpre-mademealscanensurebetternutritionandhygiene（卫生）.“Inthiswaywehopepre-mademealswillbea7bymoreandwillbringconvenienceinsteadofworriestopeople.Butatpresent,noonecanLiusaid.二、ReadthepassageandfillintheblankswithproperWOrdS（在短文的空格内填入适当的
11、词，是其内容通顺，每空格限填一次，首字母已给）Homesweethome一thisphrasebringsbackgoodmemoriesandfeelings.Theplaceyoucallhomemightbeahouse,aflat,atentorotherplaces.H8didyouknowthattheconditionofyourlivingspacecanhaveaneffectonyouremotions（情感）andevenonyourmentalhealth?Byorganizingyourlivingspace,youcanhelptoachieveamorepeace
12、fullife.AddlightItgoeswithoutsayingthatthelightinginyourroomorinyourhousecana9yourmood.Ifthelightingistoodim（昏暗的）,yourmoodmayendupmatchingthedarkatmosphere.Artificial（人工的）lightmaynotdothetrick,though.Itisbettertoopenyourcurtainsbecausen10sunlightmakesyourwholedaybrighter.GogreenTomakesureyouhavegood
13、mentalhealth,surroundyourselfwithgreenplants.Alargenumberofstudieshaveshownthatthepresenceofgreenplantsinyourhomecani11mood.Choosecolorsw12Thecolorofyourenvironmenthasanactiveinfluenceonyourmood.Choosingcolorsthatcreateacalmatmosphere（氛围）canbeatypeoftreatment.Cleanitup1.etsalladmitit;Wehavetroubleke
14、epingourspaceclean.Butitdoesntjustlookterrible;itmakesyoufeelterrible.Anuntidyroombothshowsstressandcausesstress.Disordercanshowthatyou,retoobusytokeepthingstidy,butthenlookingatam13canleadtomorestress.Cleaningupdoesnthavetotakealldayjusttake10or15minutesandputafewthingsaway.Youwillbesurprisedhowmuc
15、hbetteryou,llfeel.Thereisno114towaysyoucanmakeyourenvironmentgoodforyourmentalhealth.YoucanputupphotosofyourfamilyandfriendsorpostencouragingnotesfrompeoplethatshowhowmuchtheyIoveyou.Justremember:Yoursurroundingscanmaketthomesweethome,muchsweeter.三、ReadthepassageandfillintheblankswithproperWordS（在短文
16、的空格内填入适当的词，是其内容通顺，每空格限填一次，首字母已给）ThepowerofpositivethinkingIsyourglassofmilkhalf-fullorhalf-empty?Thisquestionisoftenusedtot15peoplesattitudeinasituation:Peoplewhostayactivealwayshavepositivethinking(ahalf-fullglass),whilethosewhoarenegativeusuallylookontheotherside(ahalf-emptyone).Whyispositivethink
17、inggoodforyou?Researchshowsthatpeoplewhohavepositivethinkingarelikelytoexperience116stressandcandobetterwhenfacedwithchallenges.However,peoplewhoalwaysexpecttheworsttohappenmayfindithardtobelievethesechallengeswillpass.Scientistshavefoundthatthinkingpositivelycanmakeyouhappierandmores17.Thisisbecaus
18、eyoubelievethatyoucanreachyourgoals,whichencouragesyoutoworktowardsthem.Whyisworryinglikeafirealarm?Everybodycanworryfromtimetotime.Worryingcanhelptokeepyousafe.Ifyouwereneverworried,youwouldntnoticethedangerahead.Butthef18isthatitsometimesgoesoffwhenthereisntahugeclangertoface.Whenthishappens,youma
19、yfeelupsetandanxiousaboutwhatisgoingtohappen.HowdoIdealwiththe4firealarm,?1.Gosomewherepeacefulandc19yourself.Takefivedeepbreathsandthinkofyourfavouritesportsstars.Whatwouldtheysay?2.Talktoafriendortrustedadultaboutyourworriesandtrytounderstandwherethe4firealarmiscomingfrom.3.Sometimesthealarmwilld2
20、0ifyousingtoyourself,listentomusic,cuddlethecat,haveabathorhavesomethingtoeatordrink.HowcanIbepositive?Thesewordsaretakenfromchildrensbooksforyourreference.!/Happinesscanbefoundeveninthed21times,ifonerememberstoturnonthelight/2.Iamnotafraidofstorms,forIamlearninghowtosailmyship/四、Readthepassageandfi
21、llintheblankswithproperWOrdS(在短文的空格内填入适当的词，是其内容通顺，每空格限填一次，首字母已给)OpenyourmindBeingcuriousabouttheworldaroundyoucanboostyourconfidence.Asanewschoolyearbegins,openingyourmindtonewpeopleandexperienceswillhelpyoumakefriendsandd22newinterests.Don,tworryaboutithaveago!Havinganopenmindandbeingcuriousmeanstr
22、yingtounderstandotherpeoplest23andideas,evenifyoudontalwaysagreewiththem.Italsomeanstryingnewexperiencesandexploringdifferentwaysofdoingthings.Youcanhaveanopenmindabouta24Thenewschooltermmeansthereareplentyofopportunitiestoopenyourmind,findanewactivitytotry,makenewfriendsandintheprocess,Ieammoreabou
23、tyourself.Therearemanyb25tobeingopenminded.KendraCherryisanauthorandexpertinfeelings,andshesaysithelpsyouIeamnewthingsabouttheworldandthepeoplearoundyou.Thismakesyoufeelmoreconfidentandpositiveaboutfacingchallenges.Havinganinterestinotherpeoplegivesyoumoreempathy,whichmeansyouunderstandandsharetheir
24、feelings,saysCherry.Beingopentof26ideascanalsocreateexcitingnewonesofyourown.Startbyaskingquestions,saysCherry.Soifyou,reunsureaboutjoininganewclub,askyourselfwhat,sstoppingyou.Imaginehowitfeelstolearnanews27,meetnewpeopleandmakefriends.Don,tjumptoasuddendecisionbutgiveyourselftimetothinkaboutitfirs
25、t.Ifsomeonesayssomethingyoudisagreewith,theninsteadofdecidingtheyarew28orarguingback,takeamomenttoconsiderwhytheyhavethatopinion.Finally,openyourmindtonewideas.Evenifyouthinkyou,reanexpertonasubjectthereisalwaysmoreyoucanIeam,五、Readthepassageand11llintheblankswithproperWOrdS(在短文的空格内填入适当的词，是其内容通顺，每空格
26、限填一次，首字母已给)Interviewwithanartisan(EE)BakerJenny,sSweetsisafamousbakeryintheheartofJing,an.Itopenedin2016,andquicklybecamethefirstchoiceforlocals.Inthisinterview,wespeakwiththeowner,toIeamwhatmakesherbusinesssosuccessful.Whatdoesitmeantobean“artisan”baker?Itissoamazinghowwonderfule29hasbeenhere.Atfir
27、st,openingabakeryinanewcountrywasworried.Butthepeopleherearesonice,andtheyr30likecomingtomylittleartisanbakery.Whymakeeverythingbyhand?Well,tome,itmeansthatwemakeourbreadandcakesbyhand,thet31way.Wedontusemachinesorfrozenfoodstomakeourproducts.Ourproductsarehealthierandtastebetterb32everythingismadef
28、resheverymorning,IknowthatamommyisfeedingherfamilywithbreadImade.It,sabigr33togivethemhealthy,tastyfoodsthatwillmakethemhappy.Ifweusedmachinestomakeourproducts,allofourcakepopswouldbethesame.Wouldntusingmachinesmakeyourjobeasier?Isupposeso.Ifweusemachines,wecouldmakemoreproducts.Itwouldbemuchc34too.
29、Also,wewouldntselloutofpopularproducts,sowewouldmakemoremoney.But,ourbreadwouldnttastenearlyasgood.Anditwouldbealotlesshealthy.Personally,IP35tosellOUTofsomethinggood,thansellaLOTofsomethingbad.Astheysay:44QualityoverQuantity（数量）.”培优争分练一、ReadthepassageandfillintheblankswithproperWordS（在短文的空格内填入适当的词，
30、是其内容通顺，每空格限填一次，首字母已给）Oneday,Jacksonagedeightwentfishingwithhisfather.Atnoonhefeltthatsomethingbigonhisline,hec36tookthefishoutofthewater.Itwasthe137onehehadeverseen.Hisfatherlookedathiswatch.Itwasnearlythreehoursbeforethefishingseasonopened.Helookedatthefish,thenatJackon.“YouDhavetoputitback,Son,hes
31、aid.44Dad!,criedJackon.ttTherewillbeotherfishJsaidhisfather.44NotasbigasthisOneJcriedJackon.Helookeda38Therewerenootherfishermen.Helookedagainathisfather.Hecouldtellthatthed39wasnotnegotiable（可以商量的）.Heslowlyworkedthehookoutofthefishandputitintothewater.Thatwas35yearsago.Today,Jacksonisanexcellentman
32、ager.Hesometimest40hisownchildrentofishinthesameriver.Hehasn41againcaughtsuchalargefishastheonehegotthatday.Buthedoesseethatsamefishagainandagaineverytimehecomesupagainstaquestionofethics（道德）.Dowedorightwhenn42islooking?Wewouldifweweretaughttoputthefishbackwhenwewereyoung.二、Readthepassageandfillinth
33、eblankswithproperWordS（在短文的空格内填入适当的词，是其内容通顺，每空格限填一次，首字母已给）Afriendofminewasfondofdrawinghorse.Hedrewthehorsesverywellbuthealwaysbeganthetail.NowitistheWesternruletobeginattheheadofthehorse,thatiswhyIwassurprised.Itstruckmethatitcouldnotreallymakeanydifferencew43theartistbeginsattheheadorthetailortheb
34、elly（肚子）orthefootofthehorse,ifhereallyknowshisbusiness.Andmostgreatartistswhoreallyknowtheirbusinessdonotfollowotherpeoplesrule.Theymaketheirownr44Everyoneofthemdoeshisworkinawaypeculiar（奇特的）tohimself;andthepeculiaritymeansonlythathef45itmoreeasytoworkinthatway.Nowtheverysamethingistruetoliterature（
35、文学）.Andthea46ttHowshallIbegin?*onlymeansthatyouwanttobeginattheheadi47ofbeginningatthetailorsomewhereelse.Thatis,youarenotyetexperienced（有经验的）e48totrusttoyourownpowers.Whenyoubecomemoreexperiencedyouwillneveraskthequestion,andIthinkthatyouwilloftenbeginatthetailthatistosay,youwillwritethee49ofthesto
36、rybeforeyouhaveeventhoughtofthebeginning.三、ReadthepassageandHllintheblankswithproperWordS（在短文的空格内填入适当的词，是其内容通顺，每空格限填一次，首字母已给）Differentpeoplemayfindthatdifferentlearningmethodsworkbestforthem.Whilesomewouldturntoteachersforhelpinordertogetbettergrades,otherschoosetostudyt50Infact,manyuniversitiesenco
37、uragetheirstudentstoformstudygroupsandmakegooduseofthem.“Twoheadsarebetterthanone.Thatsthes51ideabehindstudygroups.Byparticipatinginastudygroup,studentscanbenefitfromsomeofIheirbestacademic（学术的）resources:otherstudents.Theygettopickeachother,sbrainsandi52theirownunderstandingofdifferentproblems.Moreo
38、ver,studygroupscancreatetheslightlytense（紧张的）atmosphere.Manypeoplethinkit,sgoodtostudyinit.Forexample,somestudentstendtoprocrastinate（拖延）whentheyarestudyinga53.However,byjoiningastudygroup,theygettoobservetheirdiligentpartnersandaremorewillingtoworkharder.Studygroupsworkbestwhentheyares54Fourtofives
39、tudentsisjustOK.Andit,snecessarytomakesureeveryonehasthesamegoal,toprepareforaparticulartest,todiscussclassreadingsortoreviewalecturesnotes.Inaddition,somestudygroupsliketogivememberscertainr55sothattheywouldstudymosteffectively.Firsttheyneedanorganizer.Heusuallygetsgroupmemberstoagreetoacommonpurpo
40、seandaconvenienttimeandplace.Theyalsoneedagroupmembertosearchforsourcesofinformation.Hisorherd56istoremindgroupmemberstoidentifytheirsources.Whenagroupmembersays“Ireadsomewherethat.“heorsheisusuallyaskedforspecifics（细节）.Thispersonremindsthegroupthatit,simportanttoknowwhosaidwhatandwhereitwassaid.And
41、agatekeepertriestomakesurethatallgroupmembersareparticipating.四、Readthepassageand11llintheblankswithproperwords（在短文的空格内填入适当的词，是其内容通顺，每空格限填一次，首字母已给）Ididn,tcrywhenIlearnedIwastheparentofadisabledchild.“GoaheadandCryJthedoctoradvisedkindly,butIcouldn,tcrythen,norduringthedaysthatfollowed.WhenJennywasol
42、denough,Isenthertoakindergarten.Onthefirstmorning,Jennyspenthoursplayingbyherself.Itseemedthatshefeltvery157However,tomyjoy,Jennysclassmatesalwaysencouragedher,ttyougotallyourspellingwordsrighttoday!,Infact,herspellinglistwasthee58Latershefacedaverypainfulproblem-attheendoftheterm,therewasagamewhich
43、hadsomethingtodowithphysicaleducation.ButJennywaswaybehindinit.MyhusbandandIwereanxiousabouttheday.Iwantedtokeepherhome.WhyletJennyfailinagymfilledwithparents,studentsandteachers?Butmyheartwouldntletmeoffthateasily.SoIpushedapale,unwillingJennyontotheschoolbus.Atthekindergarten,Iwasquiteworriedbecau
44、seofherslowaction.Jennywouldprobablyholdup（阻碍）herteam.ThegamewentonwellU59itwastimeforthesack（麻袋）race.SurelyJennywouldfinditdifficult.Noweachchildhadtoclimbintoasack,jumptothefinishingline,returnandclimboutofthesack.InoticedJennystandingneartheendofherlineofplayers.Butasitwasherturntojoin,aC60tkplac
45、einherteam.ThetallestboybehindJennyplacedhishandsonherwaist（腰）.Twootherboysstoodaheadofher.ThemomenttheplayerbeforeJennysteppedoutfromthesack,thosetwoboyspickedupthesackquicklyandheldito61whilethetallboyliftedJennyanddroppedherintoit.AgirlinfrontofJennytookherhandandsupportedher,makingsureJennygaine
46、dherbalance.Thenshejumpedf62smilingandproud.Inthecheersofteachers,schoolmatesandparents,IsilentlythankedHeavenforthewarm,understandingpeopleinlifewhomakeitD63formydisableddaughtertobelikeherfellowhumanbeings.ThenIfinallycried.五、ReadthepassageandHllintheblankswithproperWOrdS（在短文的空格内填入适当的词，是其内容通顺，每空格限
47、填一次，首字母已给）Anger（生气）isakindoffeeling.Manythingscanmakeyouangry.Whenyourteachergivesyoutoomuchhomework,whenyourteam164animportantgame,whenyourfriendborrowsyourfavouritethingandthenbreaksit,youmaygetreallyangry.Usually,yourbodywilltellyouwhenyouareangry.Forexample,youbreathemuchf65yourfaceturnsredandyo
48、umaywanttobreaksomethingorhitsomeone,butsometimes,youhideyouranger.Forexample,youmayhideitinyourh66Theproblemisthatifyoudothis,youmaygetaheadacheoryourstomachmayhurt.Infact,it,snotgoodtohideyouranger,andit,snormalforyoutogetangrysometimes.Butangermustbereleasedinarightway,w67hurtingothersoryourself.
49、Letmegiveyousomeadvice.Getintotheh68ofsayinghowyou,refeelingandwhy.Ifyouarehavingtroublewithyourtemper,talkaboutitwithyourparentsorfriendsandtellthemwhatyouaretryingtodo.Itshelpfultotalkaboutyourangerwithotherpeople.Whenyoutalkaboutanger,thosebadfeelingscanstarttogoaway.Wordshelpyoushowyourfeelingsandr69understandingfro
