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1、专题Ol名词、冠词、代词、介词第一部分：名词名词属于十大词类中的一种，主要包括普通名词和专有名词两种。纵观近几年中考对于名词的考查，主要以选择题和填空题为主，考查内容以词义理解、名词所有格及词形转换居多。在备考2024年中考时，注意掌握名词变复数的变化规则，掌握不可数名词向可数名词转化的规律，名词所有格的用法，名词的句法功能等，并做到灵活运用，以便提高综合运用能力。中考考点分布：一、名词词义辨析(重点二、名词的数；三、名词所有格。个体名词单个人或事物可数名词集体名词若干个人或物构成的全体普通名词物质名词无法分为个体的本物不可数名词(-名词的分类一抽象名词行为、状态、品质、感情等概念名词专3专以
2、乐地名或机构蛆织等可数名词的数单数单数变复数的规则变化 复数/和不规则变化一名词的数不可数名词的数s所有格J名词的所打格Of所有格双重所有格考点一名词词义辨析真题研析规律探寻（2023江苏徐州）Ofallthe,Ilovesummerbest.D. hobbiesA.seasonsB.subjectsC.colours【答案】A【详解】句意：在所有的季节中，我最喜欢夏季。考查名词辨析。SeaSonS季节；SUbjeCtS科目；COIoUrS颜色;hobbies爱好。根据IIoVeSUmmerbest.”可知，此处指在所有季节中最喜欢夏季。故选A。核心提炼考向探究中考高频易混易错名词梳理1.ac
3、cident和event词条含义用法accident意外的事件特指不幸的意外事故event重大事件一般指比较重要、引人注意的事件2.hank,beach,coast和seaside词条含义用法bank河岸多指江河和溪流边的陆地beach海滩指海水退潮后露出的部分，较为平坦，适合游泳和日光浴coast海岸线指沿海狭长的陆地，强调从水面着眼说明它与陆地相衔接seaside海边指人们前往度假的沿海地区，与beach接近，但范围比较大3. weather和climate词条含义用法weather天气指某一时间内的天气情况，涉及范围较小，持续时间较短climate气候指某一地域相对稳定的天气状况，涉及范
4、围较大，持续时间较长4. trip,travel和journey词条含义用法trip旅行通常指往返定时的短途旅行（在比较通俗的用法中，常代替journey表示长途旅行）travel旅行，旅游多指长期或长途的观光旅行，有到各地游历的意味。它表示具体的旅行时常用复数形式；作不可数名词时，常被用来泛指旅游这一行为journey旅行一般指长途旅行，常蕴含辛苦的意味5. amount和number词条用法例句amountof后接不可数名词amountofmoneyanumberof后接可数名词anumberofstudents6. cause和reason词条用法例句cause指造成某一事实或现象的直接
5、原因，后接ofsth./doingsthamountofmoneyreason用来解释某种现象或结果的理由，后接forslh.doingsth.thereasonforbeingIate7. problem和question词条用法problem常和困难联系,前面的动词常为thinkabout,solve,raisequestion常和疑问联系,多和ask,answer连用8.trip,journey,travel和voyage词条用法trip指短期的具有特定目的的旅行journey指稍长的旅途travel是最常用的，指旅行或普通出行voyage指海上航行9. sport和game词条用法sp
6、ort多指户外的游戏或娱乐活动，如打球，游泳，打猎，赛马等game指决定胜负的游戏，通常有一套规则考点二名词的数1 .可数名词及其单、复数真题研析规律探寻（2023湖南岳阳）Yueyangisoneofthetop10mostbeautifulinChinathisyear.A.cityB.citiesC.citys【答案】B【详解】句意：岳阳是今年中国十大最美丽的城市之一。考查名词复数。OneOf+最高级+名词复数，表示“中最之一“，固定句型，可排除A选项；Cily的复数形式为Cilies。故选B。核心提炼考向探究1）可数名词复数的规则变化规则变化示例大多数名词在词尾加-Sletterlet
7、ters,catcats,boyboys,deskdesks以s,x,ch,sh结尾的名词，在词尾加-esclassclasses,boxboxes,watchwatches,brushbrushes以“辅音字母+y结尾的名词，变y为L再加-eshobbyhobbies,citycities,countrycountries以。结尾的名词，大多数加-s,少数加es力口-s:radioradios,zoozoos,photophotos,pianopianos力口-es:heroheroes,tomatotomatoes,potatopotatoes部分以f或fe结尾的名词，变f或fe为V,再加
8、-esknifeknives,halfhalves用顺口溜记住常见的把f或fe改为V力口-es的单词：树叶坐数自己黄,妻子拿刀去割粮,哭后窜出一只蜜，就像盗贼逃金忙。Ieaf树叶half一半self自己Wife妻子knife小刀Shelf架子wolf狼thief贼life生命注意：可数名词可与不定冠词Man连用，有复数形式。普通名词中个体名词和集体名词一般是可数名词。2）可数名词复数的不规则变化不规则变化、例变化元音字母构成复数fbotfeet,goosegeese,toothteeth,manmen,womanwomen单复数形式相同sheep,deer,fish（注意：fish指鱼的数量时
9、单复数同形；指鱼的种类时复数是fishes）特殊变化childchildren,mousemice,oxoxen3）其他情况：“某国人”变复数口诀：中日不变英法变，其余-S加后面。如：中日不变：Chinese,Japanese英法变：EnglishmanEnglishmen,FrenchmanFrenchmen其余-S加后面：Germans,Americans,Australians,Indians由两个名词组成的复合名词变复数，一般将最后一个名词变为复数。如:agirlstudenttwogirlstudents,astorybooktenstorybooks复合词中第一个词是man或Wom
10、an时，两个名词都变为复数形式。如：amanworkerthreemenworkers,awomandoctorsixwomendoctors 只表示复数意义的名词：trousers,clothes,police,people,cattle（牛；家畜） 集体名词family,team,class,couple,group等视为整体时，表示单数意义；指这些集体的成员时，则表示复数意义。如：MyfamilyisalargeOne.我家是个大家庭。Allmyfamilyenjoyskiing.我们全家人都喜欢滑雪。2.不可数名词核心提炼考向探究不可数名词没有复数形式，不能与不定冠词a/an连用。抽象
11、名词和物质名词一般是不可数名词。(1)常见的不可数名词物质类：air,beef,beer,bread,candy,cheese,chicken,chocolate,coffee,cotton,coal,electricity,fire,fish,food,fruit,furniture,glass,grass,gold,hair,ice,ink,juice,land,light,meat,medicine,milk,oil,paper,pork,rain,rice,salt,snow,soup,sugar,tea,water,wind,wine,wood抽象类：advice,age,beaut
12、y,danger,death,energy,fear,fun,failure,happiness,health,help,homework,housework,information,joy,love,luck,knowledge,money,music,nature,news,pleasure,progress,safety,sleep,success,surprise,time,trouble,truth,weather,work(2)不可数名词的数不可数名词常借助于量词表示一定的数量。常见的量词有apieceof,abOUIeof,acupof等。如：apieceoffurniture一
13、件家具somepiecesofpaper几张纸twobagsofrice两袋米有些名词表示物质或抽象概念是不可数的，而在表示个体或种类时是可数的，如：Twobeers,please.请来两杯啤酒。Itwasaspecialtea.它是一种特殊的茶。Asateacher,sheisasuccess,butasamother,sheisafailurebecauseshespendslittletimelookingafterherchild.作为一名教师她是一个成功的人，但是作为一位母亲，她是一个失败者，因为她几乎没有时间照顾自己的孩子。3)有些名词既可作可数名词，又可作不可数名词，但意思不同。
14、名词词义可数不可数change变化零钱chicken小鸡鸡肉exercise习题锻炼experience经历经验fish鱼（类）仙.肉（4）修饰可数或不可数名词的常用词:只修饰可数名词afew一些,few没几个,many很多,alargenumberof大量的只修饰不可数名词alittle一点儿,Httle没多少,much很多,alargeamountof大量的，agreatdealof大量的，abitof一点儿既可修饰可数名词也可修饰不可数名词some一些,any任何,alotof很多，lotsof很多，plentyof大量的考点三名词所有格真题研析规律探寻（2023湖南郴州）Myparen
15、tstookmetotheamusementparkonDay.Thereweresomanyexcitingthingstodothere.A.Children,sB.ChildrenC.Child,s【答案】A【详解】句意：我的父母在儿童节带我去了游乐园。在那里有很多令人兴奋的事情可做。考查名词所有格。根据“MyparentstookmetotheamusementparkOnDay.”及结合选项可知，此处表示儿童节，Children“孩子们”，修饰名词Day应该用其所有格形式。故选A。核心提炼考向探究形式用法构成示例s所有格用于有生命的及表示时间、距离、国家、城市等的名词直接加sMike
16、,sbasketball迈克的篮球yesterday,snewspaper昨天的报纸以S结尾的复数名词只加，Teachers,Day教师节twentyminutes,walk步行二十分钟并列名词所有格TornandJohnsroom汤姆和约翰的房间（共同拥有）Tom,sandJohnsrooms汤姆的房间和约翰的房间（各自拥有）Of所有格主要用于无生命的名词AofBthenameofthebook书名themiddleofthepark公园中间双重所有格表示部分或其中之AofB,saclassmateofMary,s玛丽的一个同学somefriendsofmybrother,s我哥哥的一些朋友
17、题型特训命题预测A名词1 .TomandTimhavesomeand.A.tomatos;chickenB.tomatoes;chickensC.tomatoes;chickenD.tomatos;chickens2 .Thisisbedroom.Theybothlikeitverymuch.A.MaryandHelenB.MarysandHelensC.MarysandHelenD.MaryandHelens3.1don,tknowabouttheaircrashatthemeeting.Couldyoupleasegivesome?A.whattotalk,adviceB.whattosa
18、y,adviceC.howtotalk,advicesD.howtosay,advices1. 1don,twanttouseyourpen.Iwanttouse.A.somebodyelse,sB.somebodyselseC.somebodyelseD.somebodyselse,s5. Nobodythoughtitiseasytofinishsomuchworkin.A.twodays,timeB.two-daystimeC.twoday,stimeD.twodaystime6. isitfromourschooltothesubwaystation?Itsaboutwalk.A.Ho
19、wfar;tenminutesB.Howfar;tenminutes,C.Howlong;tenminutesD.Howlong;tenminutes,7. Mary,sEnglishismuchbetterthanintheclass.A.anystudentsB.anyotherstudentC.anyoneelseD.anyotherstudents8. Whosebikesarethese?Theyare.A.LilyandLucyB.Lily,sandLucy,sC.LilyandLucysD.LilysandLucy9. Ihearsomewillgotoyourschool.一Y
20、es.Someteachersfromwillgetherethisafternoon.A.Germans;GermanyB.Germen;GermanyC.Germans;German10. （2023武汉）一Peterwaspickedouttobeontheschoolvolleyballteam.一Hisheightgiveshimabig.A.situationB.challengeC.achievementD.advantage11. （2023湖匕荆州）WhatcanyoulearnfromJoumeytotheWest?一IIeamthatweshouldhaveenought
21、oovercomethedifficultiesinourlife.A.dangerB.successC.courageD.excitement12. （2023江苏扬州）一WhalplacesofinterestarethereinYangzhou?IrecommendtheSlenderWestLake.Aboattourisawonderful!A.movementB.attractionC.experienceD.research13. （2023沈阳）Bettyiscrazyaboutmusic.Herdreamistobea.A. scientistB. painterC. mus
22、icianD. writer14. （2023山东滨州）一What,s your secret of writing so well?一I read a lot, and the works of Lu Xun had a strong on me as a child.A. differenceB. attentionC. situationD. influence15. I have in learning English and m so worried. Could you help me with it?Sure, d love to.AJoyB. interestC. troubl
23、eD. fun16. -Have you decided what to write about Gulliver in Lilliput in the report?m not sure. Maybe I need to read some about it before writing.A. reasonsB. rewardsC. resultsD. reviews17. In China, we use red paper for honbao because red means good luck.-Thats interesting! I want to know all the C
24、hinese.A. traditionsB. sentencesC. noticesD. problems18. For his sons birthday, Steven is taking him to the new movie as a .A. taskB. treatC. choiceD. visit19. You can see thein our faces when we talk about the great achievements in the past 70 years.A.doub（B. prideC. regretD. ability20. Beijing Ope
25、ra is an important part of ChineseA. cultureB. inventionC. conditionD. introduction21. Is this photo taken in Tibet?Yes. You can see beautiful snow mountain in theof the photo.A. formB. backgroundC. shapeD. introduction22. Inaconversationbetweentwopersons,65%ofisdonethroughbodylanguage.A.information
26、B.pronunciationC.introductionD.communication23. Thesungivesoutlightand.Withoutthesun,therewillbenolifeontheearth.A.temperatureB.beautyC.heatD.peace24. 一Wehaveenteredaworldwhererobotoperationsbecometruewith5Gtechnology.一Hardtobelieve!Scientistsarefullofwhichleadstogreatchangesinourlife.25. A.attracti
27、onB.inventionC.positionD.contribution26. 1.isteningtomusicandwatchingfilmsarebothrelaxingformsof.A.achievementB.agreementC.developmentD.entertainment27. Whatstheoftravelingbybike?Itcansavemoney,keepushealthyanddoesnotpollutetheair.D. knowledgeA.purposeB.suggestionC.advantage28. 一Boysandgirls,pleasef
28、ollowmywhenyouareinthelab.OK,MissWang.A.conversationsB.licensesC.instructionD.habits29. FrommyonthetopoftheTVtower,Icanhaveaperfectviewofourcity.A.traditionB.conditionC.positionD.situation30. Itsdangeroustodriveafterdrinking.-Thatstrue.Itcanincreasetheoftrafficaccidents.31. A.advantageB.stressC.safe
29、tyD.risk32. 1.ifeislikeridingabicycle.Tbkeepyour,youmustkeepmoving.A.promiseB.positionC.balanceD.ability33. 一Theygavetheirdifferentonyournewplanlastnight.Whatdoyouthinkofthem?Mostofthemarepractical,anddliketoacceptthem.A.reasonsB.commentsC.resultsD.excuse34. 一Whatdoyouwanttobeinthefuture?Iwanttobeab
30、ecauseIwanttoshowpeoplethemostpopularclothes.A.hostB.modelC.writerD.modern35. Peterisinterestedinreadingbooksaboutanimalsandplants.Hehasarealofanimals,birdsandflowers.A.courageB.knowledgeC.energyD.experience36. Asuddenwindfall,whichmakesamangetrichquickly，maybreakthebalanceofapersonslife.Windfallint
31、hesentencemeans.A.advantageB.discoveryC.agreementD.wealth37. Tospreadourtraditionalculture,manyteenagerscameupwithnew.Forexample,SuansuantacollegeSIUdenl,haspostedover50videosonBilibilitoshowherloveforourculture.A.methodsB.messagesC.meaningsD.medicines38. Thelittlegirlhassuchagoodthatshecankeepthena
32、mesofallherclassmatesinmindonthefirstdayatschool.A.experienceB.suggestionC.collectionD.memory39. Ifyoudon,tknowhowtofixthemachine,justfollowthe.A.introductionsB.resolutionsC.predictionsD.instructions39 .ThoughZhongNanshanisinhiseighties,hemakesgreattothemedicaldevelopment.Icantagreemore.Heismyhero.A
33、.celebrationB.conversationC.contributionD.collection40 .vecometothethatLydiaistherightpersontomakefriendswith.Sheisfriendly,helpfulandhonest.A.informationB.directionC.conclusionD.invitation第二部分：冠词冠词是一种虚词，是名词的一种标志，不能独立担任任何句子成分，只能附着在一个名词上，帮助说明其词义。对于冠词的考查，往往集中于a、an的用法区别，定冠词的用法，不用冠词的情况，习惯用语中冠词的用法等几个方面。考
34、查形式以单项选择为主，有时也会在完形填空、完成句子等类型的题目中出现。在学习过程中，不但要掌握不同类型的冠词的用法，还要注意习惯搭配中的冠词的使用情况。中考考查重点：一、冠词的用法；二、不用冠词的情况；真题研析规律探寻1. （2023江苏镇江）ItissaidthatPandaYaYawillliverestofherlifeinherhometown,China.A.aB.anC.theD.不填【答案】C【解析】句意：据说熊猫YY将在她的家乡中国度过余生。考查冠词用法。HVethereStofonesIifb“度过余生”,固定搭配。故选C。2. （2023广州语法选择）Butlastonet
35、hatcameoutwasnotstrongatall.A.aB.anC.theD./【答案】C【解析】句意：但是最后一只鸟出来了，并没有那么强壮。a/an是不定冠词，表示泛指。a用在辅音音素前；an用在元音音素前。Ihe是定冠词，表示特指。此处特指最后一只鸟，用IheC故选C。核心提炼考向探究考向1冠词的分类分类说明例子不定冠词a用于以辅音音素开头的单词前agift一份礼物，aplane一架飞机，ausefulbook一本有用的书an用于以元音音素开头的单词前anhour一小时，anapple一个苹果，anhonestgirl一个诚实的女孩定冠词the只有一种形式，一般用于特指thepeny
36、ouwritewith你写字的钢笔，IheChinesemovie那部中国影片考向2冠词的基本用法一、不定冠词a、an的用法1.a和an都用于可数名词单数前，泛指人和物。表示可数事物中的一个。但两者用法有区别:（1）若随后的单词以辅音音素开头，用a。如：alotof,agdidea,apearo（2）若随后的单词以元音音素开头,用ano如：anexample,anorange,anappleo二、定冠词the的用法用法例子1.用于特指某（些）人或某（些）事物。Thisisthecitywheremygrandfatheroncelived.2.用于指谈话双方知道的人或事物。Wouldyoumi
37、ndmyopeningthewindow?3.用于复述上文提过的人或事物（第一次提到用“a或an”，以后再次提到用the,）Jimlivesinasmallvillage.Inthevillage,thereisanoldtree.4.用在序数词和形容词最高级前。Springisthefirstseasonofayear.ThisisthemostinterestingmovieIhaveeverseen.5.用于表示方向、方位的名词前。intheeast在东方inthefront在前面attheback在后面inthebottom在底部6.用在世界上独一无二的事物或乐器前。thesun,th
38、emoon,playthepiano7.用于姓氏的复数前表示“一家人”或“夫妇”。TheTurnersareatbreakfasttable.8.与某些形容词连用表示一类人或事物。Theyoungshouldhelptheold.9.用于由普通名词构成的专有名词前。theGreatWall,theUnitedStates10用在西洋乐器单数可数名词前。playthepiano弹钢琴playtheviolin拉小提琴13.用在某些固定的表达法。inthemorning在早上intheafternoon在下午intheevening在晚上gotothecinema去看电影intheworld在世界
39、上alltheyearround一年到头onthewayto在去去的路上三、不用冠词的情况用法例子L在专有名词或不可数名词前。Paperismadeofwood.2.名词前有指示代词、物主代词或不定代词作定语。Goalongthisroad.EverystudentlikesEnglishinourclass.3.复数名词表示一类人或事物时。Myparentsareteachers.4.在节日、日期、月份、季节前。TodayisChildrensDay.It,shotinsummer.5.在一日三餐、球类运动、学科的名词前。Hewenttoschoolwithoutbreakfast.1.et
40、splayfootballafterschool.6.在某些固定短语中。inbed,inhospital,onfoot,atschool题型特训命题预测I.lfyouwanttotakeshortrideinthecitv,choosesharedbike.A.a;/B.the;theC.a;aD./;a2 .QingdaoisabeautifulcitythatliesineastofChina.A.anB./C.theD.a3 .Danielhadeee,apieceofbreadandaslassofmilkforbreakfastthismornins.A.aB.an4.-Peter,
41、shallwegoforapicnicthisSunday?-OK.Letsaddittoweekendplan.A.aB.an5.1likeplayingpiano,butJerrylikesplaying.A.the;aB.the;/6.IfyougotoBritain,dontforgettovisitRiverThames.C.theD./C.theD./football.C./;theD.a;anBritishMuseum.It,sa30-minutebusridefromA.the;/;/B.the;the;/C./;/;theD./;the;the7. Danielhadegg,
42、apieceofbreadandaglassofmilkforbreakfastthismorning.A.aB.anC.theD./8. Thereisuniforminthesoccerclub.IsuniformBob,s?A.a;theB.an;theC.an;anD.the;an9. vehadbadheadacheallday,soIthinkl!gotobedearly.A.a;不填B.不填;theC.不填；不填D.a;the10. Howdoyougotowork?iIusuallytakebus.A.the;aB./;aC.a;aD.the;/11. Tbmlikesplay
43、ingpianowhileTimlikesplayingfootball.A.the.theB./.theC.the.D./.12.1 haveEuropeanpenfriend,andhelikesplayingguitar.A.an;/B.an;theC.a;/D.a;the第三部分：代词（一）备考指南代词可分为人称代词、物主代词、反身代词、不定代词、指示代词和疑问代词等。代词几乎是每年中考的考查部分，近三年中考的考查仍集中在不定代词上，所考题量占所考代词的60%以上。试题注重语境和情境，要求能够根据真实的语言环境运用各类代词。人物“弋词物古代词反身代i司指示代词主格：单数 I. you.
44、 he, she. it复数 we. you.hey宾格： 单数 me. you. him. hen it曳数 us. you. them形容词性： 单数 ny, your. his. her. itsIZ 数 our, your、IhCir名词性： 单数 mine, yours, his. hers, its 曳数 OUrs. yours、UICirS单数：InySCIu yourself, himself, herself, itself复数：ourselves, yourselves, themselves单数：this, that亚数：these, those普通：some,any;a
45、ll.both,either,neither;many,much：few.afew.little,alittle:one.another,theother,others,theothers;none;each复合：someone,somebody,something;不定代词疑问代词anyone,anybody,anything;everyone,everybody,everything;noone.nobody,nothingvvo.whom,whose,vvat.which真题研析规律探寻1. （2023武汉）一TherearemanycelebrationsinthecomingDragonBoatFestival.一Soundsveryinteresting.Idon,twanttomiss.A.itB.
