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1、美国名人小说家人类学家佐拉尼尔赫斯顿ZoraNealeHurston,1891-1960:AStorytellerAboutAfrican-AmericanLifeintheSouthplaystopmutemaxvolume00:00-15:31repeatByCynthiaKirk2009-2-21VOICEONE:mMaryTillotson.VOICETWO:AndmSteveEmberwiththeVOASpecialEnglishprogramPEOPLEINAMERICA.Today,wetellaboutwriterZoraNealeHurston.Shewasoneofthe
2、mostrecognizedblackwomenwriters.Shewrotesevenbooksandmorethanonehundredshortstories,playsandarticlesformagazines.(MUSIC)VOICEONE:ZoraNealeHurstonZoraNealeHurstonwasbornineighteenninety-oneinNotasulga,Alabama.Ashorttimelater;herfamilymovedtoEatonville,asmalltownincentralFlorida.AllofthepeopleofEatonv
3、illewereAfrican-American.ThetownshapedHurstonslifeandherwriting.Asachild,shewouldlistencloselytothestoriestoldbytheadultsinthetown.SeveralofherbookstakeplaceincommunitiesverysimilartoEatonville.Thepeopleshewroteaboutinherbooksareverysimilartopeoplesheknewthere.Zorawasbornatatimeofracialtensionsbetwe
4、enblacksandwhitesinthesouthernUnitedStates.Butsheneverfeltangryaboutbeingblack.Inherstories,shedescribedEatonvilleasaplacewhereblackAmericanscouldliveastheypleased.ZoraNealeHurstonwasknownforherabilitytotellastory.Storytellingisanimportantpartofmanyculturaltraditions.African-Americanstorytellingisas
5、trongfamilytraditionthatdatesbackhundredsofyears.Itisawayforpeopletoestablishtheiridentitiesinoftenunfriendlyareasastheystruggletoholdtheircommunitiestogether.VOICETWO:ZoraNealeHurstonwasthefifthofeightchildren.Zorasmotherwasaschoolteacher.Herfatherwasabuilderandachurchpreacher.Healsobecamethemayoro
6、fEatonville.Zorasmotherdiedinnineteen-oh-four,whenZorawasthirteenyearsold.HermothersdeathseverelyaffectedZoraslife.Shewasrejectedbyherfatherandhissecondwife.Zorawasforcedtotakecareofherself.SheleftEatonvilleandmovednorthwhenshewasfourteenyearsold.Sheworkedforatravelingtheatercompany.Shealsoworkedasa
7、maid,cleaningthehomesofwhitepeople.OneofheremployersrecognizedZorasabilities.ShemadeitpossibleforhertoattendhighschoolinBaltimore,Maryland.Zorawastwenty-sixyearsoldwhenshebeganhighschool.Butshesaidshewasonlysixteen.Throughoutherlife,sheoftensaidshewasyoungerthanshereallywas.VOICEONE:Innineteeneighte
8、en,ZoraNealeHurstonattendedHowardUniversityinWashington,D.C.ShestudiedwithAlainLocke.Hewasaprofessorofphilosophyandanexpertonblackculture.Sheearnedmoneybyworkingasamaidanddoingotherwork.HurstonpublishedherfirstshortstoriesatHowardUniversity.HerstorieswereaboutblackfolkloreandlifeinEatonville.Shewonp
9、rizesforherwritingsthatwerepublishedinnewspapersandmagazines.TheearlynineteentwentiesmarkedthebeginningofZoraNealeHurstonslifeasawriter.(MUSIC)VOICETWO:ZoraNealeHurstonattheNewYorkTimesBookFairinthe1930sInnineteentwenty-five,HurstontraveledtoNewYorkCity.ThiswasduringtheperiodknownastheHarlemRenaissa
10、nce.HarlemisafamousareainNewYork.TheHarlemRenaissancewasaperiodinwhichblackartistsexploredtheircultureandshowedprideintheirrace.Thiswasexpressedinliterature,musicandotherartforms.HurstonandherstoriesaboutEatonvillebecameimportantduringtheHarlemRenaissance.Shemetotheryoungblackwritersofthetime,suchas
11、poetLangstonHughes.HurstonbecamethefirstblackstudenttoattendBarnardCollegeinNewYork.ShestudiedwithanthropologistFranzBoas.Shebecameinterestedinanthropology-thestudyoftheorigin,developmentandactionsofhumans.BoasrecognizedHurstonsstorytellingabilityanddeepinterestintheblackcultureoftheSouth.Heurgedher
12、todomoreresearchthere.VOICEONE:HurstonreceivedfinancialsupportformostofherresearchfromawealthywomaninNewYorknamedCharlotteOsgoodMason.Duringthenextseveralyears,HurstontraveledinFloridaandtheCaribbeantocollectandwritestoriesaboutwhatshesaw.Shelearnedaboutthetraditionsofthepeopleshemet.Shespokewithmen
13、andwomen,youngandold,collectingtheirstoriesintheirownwords.Shewantedtokeepthelanguageexactlyastheytoldit.Manyofthestorieswerelikethoseshehadheardasachild.VOICETWO:Innineteenthirty-six,HurstontraveledtoJamaicaandHaitiwithafinancialawardfromtheGuggenheimFoundation.TheCaribbeanpeopleacceptedherasoneoft
14、hem.Theyspokewithherfreely,evenaboutreligioustraditions.InHaitizshelearnedagreatdealaboutthevoodooreligion.Hurstonpublishedtwoimportantcollectionsofstoriesbasedonherresearch.TheywereMulesandMenandTellMyHorse.Bothexaminedthevoodooreligion.(MUSIC)VOICEONE:ZoraNealeHurstonpublishedherfirstbook,JonahsGo
15、urdVine,innineteenthirty-four.ThestorytakesplaceinasmallFloridatown.Itisabouttwopeoplesimilartoherparents.Hersecondbook,TheirEyesWereWatchingGod,waspublishedthreeyearslater.Itiswidelyconsideredhermostimportantwork.ShewrotethebookinsevenweekswhileshewastravelinginHaiti.Itisthestoryofablackwomanssearc
16、hforhappinessandhertrueidentity,duringtwenty-fiveyearsandthreemarriages.Innineteenforty-two,Hurstonpublishedastoryaboutherownlife,calledDustTracksonaRoad.Butthebookwaswidelycriticized.Literaryexpertssaiditwasfulloffalseinformation.Otherssaiditaddedtothemysterysurroundingthewriter.Hurstonslasttwonove
17、lswerethebiblicalstoryMoses,ManoftheMountainandSeraphontheSuwanee.Thiswastheonlybookshewroteaboutwhitepeople.(MUSIC)VOICETWO:ZoraNealeHurstonsstorieswereaboutthepain-filledandsometimesmagicalworldthatsurroundedblacksintheSouth.Thestoriestellaboutfaithzlove,family,slavery,raceandcommunity.Theyalsoinc
18、ludehumor.Hurstonwaswellknownforherwriting.Shealsobecameknownforheroutspokenopinions,herclothingandthegreatprideshehadinherselfandherrace.Shewasmarriedthreetimes.Butshefounditimpossibletosettledown.Herhusbandsusuallyexpectedhertogiveupherwriting.Butshesaidthatwastheonethingshecouldnotdo.VOICEONE:Hur
19、stonreceivedpraiseforherworkbybothblacksandwhites.Butnoteveryoneenjoyedherwork.SomeofthewritersoftheHarlemRenaissancecriticizedherforwritingaboutblackcultureinsteadofrelationsbetweentheraces.ManyblacksalsorejectedHurstonspoliticalideasandhersupportforracialseparationlawsintheSouth.Hurstonzhowever;ma
20、denoapologiesforherwork.Shesaidtherichnessofblackcultureexistedtobeenjoyed,celebratedandmadeintoliterature.VOICETWO:Duringthelatenineteenforties,shebegantopublishlessandless.Shewasarrestedandchargedwithsexualwrongdoingwithaten-year-oldboy.Thechargeswerelaterdropped,buttheeventaffectedherworkandherli
21、fe.Innineteenfifty,HurstonreturnedtoFlorida.Althoughherworkwasquitepopular;shewasunabletomakealivingwithherwriting.Inherlateryears,sheworkedasateacher;alibrarianandasmaid.Innineteenfifty-nine,HurstonsufferedastrokeandenteredanursinghomeinFortPiercezFlorida.Shediedthereayearlaterandwasburiedinanunmar
22、kedgrave.(MUSIC)VOICEONE:Today,ZoraNealeHurstonhasnotbeenforgotten.SheinfluencedotherAfrican-Americanfemalewriters,includingAliceWalker.BecauseofWalkersefforts,Hurstonsworkwasrediscoveredinthenineteenseventies.Duringthenineteennineties,herbookTheirEyesWereWatchingGodsoldmorethanonemillioncopies.Many
23、youngpeopleinAmericanschoolsarereadingthebook.Inaddition,twoofHurstonsplayshavebeenproduced.Newbookshavebeenwrittenabouther.Andherworkandlifearethesubjectofmanystudies,conferencesandfestivals.Innineteenseventy-three,AliceWalkerplacedamarkerinFortPiercezFlorida,whereHurstonisbelievedtobeburied.Thestonereads,ZoraNealeHurston,AGeniusoftheSouth.(MUSIC)VOICETWO:ThisSpecialEnglishprogramwaswrittenandproducedbyCynthiaKirk.mSteveEmber.VOICEONE:AndmMaryTillotson.JoinUSagainnextweekforanotherPEOPLEINAMERICAprogramontheVoiceofAmerica.
