输气管道的有限元分析报告.docx

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1、研究生课程论文类试卷课程名称： 弹塑性力学与有限元 课程代码： 论文题目： 输气管道的有限元分析 学生： * 专业学号： 车辆工程 学院： 机械工程 课程论文成绩：课程论文评分依据必填：任课教师签字：日期： 年 月 日输气管道的有限元分析摘要：本文主要是运用ANSYS10.0软件来分析输气管道的外外表受力情况，从而确定其所需的材料强度。在这一过程中，首先建立三维模型，然后选择出适当的单元类型，进展网格划分、，而后对其外表施加边界条件等得出有限元模型，分析结果，对该管道进展应力强度和变形分析。计算结果说明输气管道外表所受应力比拟大，所以在实际生产中需加强外表材料强度。1 引言当今社会，输气管道已

2、经广泛的被使用了，例如西气东输工程，它可以很方便的运输天然气等能源，使得能源的使用更加合理优化。然而，在运输过程中管道会受到各种力，由于受力的不同导致管道很容易损坏。为了保证不会出现相关事故，必须对管道的材料进展合理的设计，本文将采用有限元分析法来确定管道不同外表所需材料强度的情况，文中管道的长度远大于直径，计算时忽略管道的断面效应，认为在其方向上无应变产生根据管道结构的对称性，取其四分之一进展分析1。2 建立输气管道有限元模型输气管道的计算分析模型如图1所示，管道所受到的压为1e+8Pa，弹性模量E为200Gpa，泊松比u为为0.26，径R1为0.3m，外径R2为0.5m。图1 计算模型图2

3、.1 在ANSYS软件中创立三维模型使用ANSYS软件的建模功能，参照图1所示的标注。选择适宜的单元类型以与材料属性，创立几何模型，拉伸成为需要的三维实体模型，如图2所示。图2管道三维模型选择适宜的单元类型，是有限元分析中重要的一环，根据材料的特性，我本次选择的是Solid Quad 8Node82、Solid Brick8node185单元。2.2 有限元网格划分有限元网格划分可以理解成把一个复杂的实体模型分成假设干简单的模型，而这些简单的个体之间又相互联系，相互约束，构成整个结构。求解这些简单的结构，就能得到整体的变化趋势，网格越细致整齐，结果就越准确，网格粗糙，结果就会有较大误差，如果出

4、现奇异网格比方长宽比很大的矩形，顶角很大的三角形那么会导致求解不收敛、甚至错误。总之，网格划分的过程其实就是对结构离散化。 我本次采用的是自由网格划分单元，利用软件对管道自动划分网格，经过网格划分以后共形成2235个单元与636个节点。网格划分结果如图3所示。图3 网格划分2.3 施加载荷并求解根据管道结构形式，在其前平面横截面施加Y方向的面约束UY为0，在右平面施加X方向的面约束UX为0。对管道的便面施加1e8Pa的载荷，从而得到图4。而后进入求解模块浏览结果。图4 施加载荷后的模型3 变形与应力分析3.1 变形分析管道是否变形会影响输送的可靠性，因此对管道的变形分析很重要。如下图，管道最大

5、变形量为0.418e-3m。图5 管道变形图3.2 节点结果 生成节点结果如图6所示。图6 节点结果图3.3 应力分析图7中可以看出管道受力由外到依次增大，即在外表受力偏大。图7应力分布图3.4 以扩展的方式显示结果图8和图9分别是以扩展和等值线的方式显示的模型。由图8可知最大变形量为0.418e-03m，最大应力为0.267e+09Pa，最小应力为0.972e+08Pa，从而可知应力在管道外表比拟大。图8 以扩展的方式显示模型图8 以等值线的方式整体显示模型4 结论我此次运用ANSYS软件对输气管道进展了有限元的建模与分析，通过此次实用软件操作，让我熟悉了有限与分析的各个步骤，如何去选择单元

6、类型以与如何划分网路2是其中的重点，受益匪浅。经过应力强度和变形分析以后，我知道了输气管道外表所受应力的大致分布情况，这对实际生产中很有帮助，必须提高管道外表的材料强度，保证其可靠性。参考文献1人宪. 有限元法根底M.国防工业,2007.2曾攀.有限元根底教程M.:高等教育,2009.附录ANSYS log命令文件附录ANSYS log命令文件14 / 14/COM,ANSYS RELEASE 10.0 UP20050718 15:47:23 12/25/2012/FILNAME,shuqiguandao,0 /TITLE,shuqiguandao /CWD,C:UsersAdministra

7、torshuqiguandao /DIST,1,1.,1 /REP,FAST /DIST,1,1.,1 /REP,FAST /DIST,1,1.,1 /REP,FAST /DIST,1,1.,1 /REP,FAST /PREP7 K,1,0.3,0, K,2,0.5,0, K,3,0,0.5, K,4,0,0.3, CSYS,2 L, 1, 2 L, 2, 3 L, 3, 4 L, 4, 1 /DIST,1,0.2,1/REP,FAST /DIST,1,0.2,1/REP,FAST /DIST,1,0.2,1/REP,FAST /DIST,1,1.,1 /REP,FAST /DIST,1,1.

8、,1 /REP,FAST /DIST,1,1.,1 /REP,FAST /DIST,1,1.,1 /REP,FAST LPLOT GPLOT /PNUM,KP,1 /PNUM,LINE,0/PNUM,AREA,0/PNUM,VOLU,0/PNUM,NODE,0/PNUM,TABN,0/PNUM,SVAL,0/NUMBER,0 !* /PNUM,ELEM,0/REPLOT !* /DIST,1,0.2,1/REP,FAST /DIST,1,0.2,1/REP,FAST /DIST,1,0.2,1/REP,FAST /DIST,1,0.2,1/REP,FAST /DIST,1,0.2,1/REP,

9、FAST /DIST,1,0.2,1/REP,FAST /DIST,1,0.2,1/REP,FAST /DIST,1,0.2,1/REP,FAST /DIST,1,0.2,1/REP,FAST /DIST,1,0.2,1/REP,FAST /DIST,1,0.2,1/REP,FAST /DIST,1,0.2,1/REP,FAST /DIST,1,0.2,1/REP,FAST /DIST,1,0.2,1/REP,FAST /DIST,1,0.2,1/REP,FAST /DIST,1,0.2,1/REP,FAST FLST,2,4,4 FITEM,2,1 FITEM,2,2 FITEM,2,3 F

10、ITEM,2,4 AL,P51X CSYS,0 CSYS,0 !* VOFFST,1,2, , /VIEW,1,1,1,1 /ANG,1 /REP,FAST /DIST,1,1.,1 /REP,FAST /DIST,1,1.,1 /REP,FAST /DIST,1,1.,1 /REP,FAST /DIST,1,1.,1 /REP,FAST /DIST,1,1.,1 /REP,FAST /DIST,1,1.,1 /REP,FAST /DIST,1,1.,1 /REP,FAST /DIST,1,1.,1 /REP,FAST /DIST,1,1.,1 /REP,FAST /DIST,1,1.,1 /

11、REP,FAST /DIST,1,1.,1 /REP,FAST /DIST,1,1.,1 /REP,FAST /DIST,1,1.,1 /REP,FAST /DIST,1,1.,1 /REP,FAST /DIST,1,1.,1 /REP,FAST /VIEW,1,1,2,3 /ANG,1 /REP,FAST /ANG,1,30,YS,1 /REP,FAST /ANG,1,30,YS,1 /REP,FAST /ANG,1,30,YS,1 /REP,FAST /ANG,1,30,YS,1 /REP,FAST /ANG,1,30,YS,1 /REP,FAST /ANG,1,30,YS,1 /REP,

12、FAST /ANG,1,30,YS,1 /REP,FAST /ANG,1,30,XS,1 /REP,FAST /ANG,1,-30,XS,1 /REP,FAST /ANG,1,-30,XS,1 /REP,FAST /ANG,1,30,ZS,1 /REP,FAST /ANG,1,-30,ZS,1 /REP,FAST /ANG,1,30,YS,1 /REP,FAST /ANG,1,-30,YS,1 /REP,FAST /ANG,1,-30,YS,1 /REP,FAST /ANG,1,-30,YS,1 /REP,FAST /ANG,1,-30,YS,1 /REP,FAST /ANG,1,-30,YS

13、,1 /REP,FAST /ANG,1,-30,YS,1 /REP,FAST /ANG,1,-30,YS,1 /REP,FAST /ANG,1,-30,YS,1 /REP,FAST /ANG,1,-30,YS,1 /REP,FAST /ANG,1,-30,YS,1 /REP,FAST /ANG,1,-30,YS,1 /REP,FAST /ANG,1,-30,YS,1 /REP,FAST /ANG,1,-30,YS,1 /REP,FAST /ANG,1,-30,YS,1 /REP,FAST /ANG,1,30,XS,1 /REP,FAST /DIST,1,0.2,1/REP,FAST /DIST

14、,1,0.2,1/REP,FAST !* ET,1,PLANE82!* !* !* ET,2,SOLID185 !* KEYOPT,1,3,2KEYOPT,1,5,0KEYOPT,1,6,0!* !* MPTEMP, MPTEMP,1,0 MPDATA,EX,1,2e11 MPDATA,PRXY,1,0.26 /DIST,1,1.,1 /REP,FAST /DIST,1,1.,1 /REP,FAST /DIST,1,1.,1 /REP,FAST /REPLOT,RESIZE /DIST,1,1.,1 /REP,FAST /DIST,1,1.,1 /REP,FAST /DIST,1,1.,1 /

15、REP,FAST /DIST,1,0.2,1/REP,FAST /DIST,1,0.2,1/REP,FAST /DIST,1,0.2,1/REP,FAST CM,_Y,VOLU VSEL, , , , 1 CM,_Y1,VOLU CMSEL,S,_Y !* /UI,MESH,OFFMSHKEY,0MSHAPE,1,3d CM,_Y,VOLU VSEL, , , , 1 CM,_Y1,VOLU CHKMSH,VOLU CMSEL,S,_Y !* VMESH,_Y1 !* CMDELE,_Y CMDELE,_Y1 CMDELE,_Y2 !* /DIST,1,0.2,1/REP,FAST /DIST

16、,1,0.2,1/REP,FAST /DIST,1,0.2,1/REP,FAST FINISH /SOLFLST,2,1,5,ORDE,1 FITEM,2,3 !* /GO DA,P51X,UY, FLST,2,1,5,ORDE,1 FITEM,2,5 !* /GO DA,P51X,UX, FLST,2,1,5,ORDE,1 FITEM,2,6 /GO !* SFA,P51X,1,PRES,1e8 !* /PSF,PRES,NORM,2,0,1/PBF,DEFA, ,1 /PIC,DEFA, ,1 /PSYMB,CS,0 /PSYMB,NDIR,0 /PSYMB,ESYS,0 /PSYMB,L

17、DIV,0 /PSYMB,LDIR,0 /PSYMB,ADIR,0 /PSYMB,ECON,0 /PSYMB,XNODE,0 /PSYMB,DOT,1/PSYMB,PCONV, /PSYMB,LAYR,0 /PSYMB,FBCS,0 !* /PBC,ALL, ,1/REP!* !* /PSF,PRES,NORM,3,0,1/PBF,DEFA, ,1 /PIC,DEFA, ,1 /PSYMB,CS,0 /PSYMB,NDIR,0 /PSYMB,ESYS,0 /PSYMB,LDIV,0 /PSYMB,LDIR,0 /PSYMB,ADIR,0 /PSYMB,ECON,0 /PSYMB,XNODE,0

18、 /PSYMB,DOT,1/PSYMB,PCONV, /PSYMB,LAYR,0 /PSYMB,FBCS,0 !* /PBC,ALL, ,1/REP!* GPLOT !* /PSF,PRES,NORM,1,0,1/PBF,DEFA, ,1 /PIC,DEFA, ,1 /PSYMB,CS,0 /PSYMB,NDIR,0 /PSYMB,ESYS,0 /PSYMB,LDIV,0 /PSYMB,LDIR,0 /PSYMB,ADIR,0 /PSYMB,ECON,0 /PSYMB,XNODE,0 /PSYMB,DOT,1/PSYMB,PCONV, /PSYMB,LAYR,0 /PSYMB,FBCS,0 !

19、* /PBC,ALL, ,1/REP!* /DIST,1,0.2,1/REP,FAST /DIST,1,0.2,1/REP,FAST /DIST,1,0.2,1/REP,FAST /DIST,1,0.2,1/REP,FAST /DIST,1,1.,1 /REP,FAST /DIST,1,1.,1 /REP,FAST /DIST,1,1.,1 /REP,FAST VPLOT VPLOT !* /PSF,PRES,NORM,2,0,1/PBF,DEFA, ,1 /PIC,DEFA, ,1 /PSYMB,CS,0 /PSYMB,NDIR,0 /PSYMB,ESYS,0 /PSYMB,LDIV,0 /

20、PSYMB,LDIR,0 /PSYMB,ADIR,0 /PSYMB,ECON,0 /PSYMB,XNODE,0 /PSYMB,DOT,1/PSYMB,PCONV, /PSYMB,LAYR,0 /PSYMB,FBCS,0 !* /PBC,ALL, ,1/REP!* /DIST,1,0.2,1/REP,FAST /DIST,1,0.2,1/REP,FAST /DIST,1,0.2,1/REP,FAST /DIST,1,1.,1 /REP,FAST !* /PSF,PRES,NORM,1,0,1/PBF,DEFA, ,1 /PIC,DEFA, ,1 /PSYMB,CS,0 /PSYMB,NDIR,0

21、 /PSYMB,ESYS,0 /PSYMB,LDIV,0 /PSYMB,LDIR,0 /PSYMB,ADIR,0 /PSYMB,ECON,0 /PSYMB,XNODE,0 /PSYMB,DOT,1/PSYMB,PCONV, /PSYMB,LAYR,0 /PSYMB,FBCS,0 !* /PBC,ALL, ,1/REP!* /DIST,1,1.,1 /REP,FAST /DIST,1,1.,1 /REP,FAST /DIST,1,1.,1 /REP,FAST /DIST,1,1.,1 /REP,FAST APLOT !* /PSF,PRES,NORM,1,1,1/PBF,DEFA, ,1 /PI

22、C,DEFA, ,1 /PSYMB,CS,0 /PSYMB,NDIR,0 /PSYMB,ESYS,0 /PSYMB,LDIV,0 /PSYMB,LDIR,0 /PSYMB,ADIR,0 /PSYMB,ECON,0 /PSYMB,XNODE,0 /PSYMB,DOT,1/PSYMB,PCONV, /PSYMB,LAYR,0 /PSYMB,FBCS,0 !* /PBC,ALL, ,1/REP!* !* /PSF,PRES,NORM,3,1,1/PBF,DEFA, ,1 /PIC,DEFA, ,1 /PSYMB,CS,0 /PSYMB,NDIR,0 /PSYMB,ESYS,0 /PSYMB,LDIV

23、,0 /PSYMB,LDIR,0 /PSYMB,ADIR,0 /PSYMB,ECON,0 /PSYMB,XNODE,0 /PSYMB,DOT,1/PSYMB,PCONV, /PSYMB,LAYR,0 /PSYMB,FBCS,0 !* /PBC,ALL, ,1/REP!* /DIST,1,0.2,1/REP,FAST /DIST,1,0.2,1/REP,FAST /DIST,1,0.2,1/REP,FAST /DIST,1,0.2,1/REP,FAST /DIST,1,0.2,1/REP,FAST /DIST,1,0.2,1/REP,FAST /DIST,1,0.2,1/REP,FAST /DI

24、ST,1,0.2,1/REP,FAST /DIST,1,0.2,1/REP,FAST /DIST,1,0.2,1/REP,FAST /DIST,1,0.2,1/REP,FAST /DIST,1,0.2,1/REP,FAST /DIST,1,0.2,1/REP,FAST /DIST,1,1.,1 /REP,FAST /DIST,1,1.,1 /REP,FAST /DIST,1,1.,1 /REP,FAST /DIST,1,1.,1 /REP,FAST /DIST,1,1.,1 /REP,FAST /DIST,1,1.,1 /REP,FAST !* /PSF,PRES,NORM,1,1,0/PBF

25、,DEFA, ,1 /PIC,DEFA, ,1 /PSYMB,CS,0 /PSYMB,NDIR,0 /PSYMB,ESYS,0 /PSYMB,LDIV,0 /PSYMB,LDIR,0 /PSYMB,ADIR,0 /PSYMB,ECON,0 /PSYMB,XNODE,0 /PSYMB,DOT,1/PSYMB,PCONV, /PSYMB,LAYR,0 /PSYMB,FBCS,0 !* /PBC,ALL, ,1/REP!* !* /PSF,PRES,NORM,1,0,0/PBF,DEFA, ,1 /PIC,DEFA, ,1 /PSYMB,CS,0 /PSYMB,NDIR,0 /PSYMB,ESYS,

26、0 /PSYMB,LDIV,0 /PSYMB,LDIR,0 /PSYMB,ADIR,0 /PSYMB,ECON,0 /PSYMB,XNODE,0 /PSYMB,DOT,1/PSYMB,PCONV, /PSYMB,LAYR,0 /PSYMB,FBCS,0 !* /PBC,ALL, ,1/REP!* !* /PSF,PRES,NORM,2,1,0/PBF,DEFA, ,1 /PIC,DEFA, ,1 /PSYMB,CS,0 /PSYMB,NDIR,0 /PSYMB,ESYS,0 /PSYMB,LDIV,0 /PSYMB,LDIR,0 /PSYMB,ADIR,0 /PSYMB,ECON,0 /PSY

27、MB,XNODE,0 /PSYMB,DOT,1/PSYMB,PCONV, /PSYMB,LAYR,0 /PSYMB,FBCS,0 !* /PBC,ALL, ,1/REP!* /DIST,1,1.,1 /REP,FAST /DIST,1,1.,1 /REP,FAST /DIST,1,1.,1 /REP,FAST !* /PSF,PRES,NORM,1,1,1/PBF,DEFA, ,1 /PIC,DEFA, ,1 /PSYMB,CS,0 /PSYMB,NDIR,0 /PSYMB,ESYS,0 /PSYMB,LDIV,0 /PSYMB,LDIR,0 /PSYMB,ADIR,0 /PSYMB,ECON

28、,0 /PSYMB,XNODE,0 /PSYMB,DOT,1/PSYMB,PCONV, /PSYMB,LAYR,0 /PSYMB,FBCS,0 !* /PBC,ALL, ,1/REP!* /DIST,1,1.,1 /REP,FAST /DIST,1,1.,1 /REP,FAST /DIST,1,1.,1 /REP,FAST !* /PSF,PRES,NORM,2,1,1/PBF,DEFA, ,1 /PIC,DEFA, ,1 /PSYMB,CS,0 /PSYMB,NDIR,0 /PSYMB,ESYS,0 /PSYMB,LDIV,0 /PSYMB,LDIR,0 /PSYMB,ADIR,0 /PSY

29、MB,ECON,0 /PSYMB,XNODE,0 /PSYMB,DOT,1/PSYMB,PCONV, /PSYMB,LAYR,0 /PSYMB,FBCS,0 !* /PBC,ALL, ,1/REP!* GPLOT LPLOT APLOT VPLOT NPLOT EPLOT !* /PSF,PRES,NORM,2,1,1/PBF,DEFA, ,1 /PIC,DEFA, ,1 /PSYMB,CS,0 /PSYMB,NDIR,0 /PSYMB,ESYS,0 /PSYMB,LDIV,0 /PSYMB,LDIR,0 /PSYMB,ADIR,0 /PSYMB,ECON,0 /PSYMB,XNODE,0 /

30、PSYMB,DOT,1/PSYMB,PCONV, /PSYMB,LAYR,0 /PSYMB,FBCS,0 !* /PBC,ALL, ,1/REP!* GPLOT /DIST,1,0.2,1/REP,FAST /STATUS,SOLUSOLVE !* /PSF,PRES,NORM,1,1,1/PBF,DEFA, ,1 /PIC,DEFA, ,1 /PSYMB,CS,0 /PSYMB,NDIR,0 /PSYMB,ESYS,0 /PSYMB,LDIV,0 /PSYMB,LDIR,0 /PSYMB,ADIR,0 /PSYMB,ECON,0 /PSYMB,XNODE,0 /PSYMB,DOT,1/PSY

31、MB,PCONV, /PSYMB,LAYR,0 /PSYMB,FBCS,0 !* /PBC,ALL, ,1/REP!* /VIEW,1,1,2,3 /ANG,1 /REP,FAST /ANG,1,-30,YS,1 /REP,FAST /ANG,1,30,YS,1 /REP,FAST /ANG,1,30,YS,1 /REP,FAST /ANG,1,30,XS,1 /REP,FAST /ANG,1,-30,XS,1 /REP,FAST /ANG,1,-30,XS,1 /REP,FAST /ANG,1,-30,XS,1 /REP,FAST /ANG,1,-30,XS,1 /REP,FAST /ANG

32、,1,-30,XS,1 /REP,FAST /ANG,1,-30,XS,1 /REP,FAST /ANG,1,-30,XS,1 /REP,FAST /ANG,1,-30,XS,1 /REP,FAST /ANG,1,30,ZS,1 /REP,FAST /ANG,1,30,ZS,1 /REP,FAST /ANG,1,30,ZS,1 /REP,FAST /ANG,1,30,ZS,1 /REP,FAST /ANG,1,30,YS,1 /REP,FAST /ANG,1,30,YS,1 /REP,FAST /ANG,1,30,YS,1 /REP,FAST /ANG,1,30,YS,1 /REP,FAST

33、/ANG,1,30,YS,1 /REP,FAST /ANG,1,-30,YS,1 /REP,FAST /ANG,1,30,YS,1 /REP,FAST /ANG,1,30,XS,1 /REP,FAST /ANG,1,30,XS,1 /REP,FAST /ANG,1,30,ZS,1 /REP,FAST /ANG,1,30,ZS,1 /REP,FAST /ANG,1,-30,ZS,1 /REP,FAST /ANG,1,-30,ZS,1 /REP,FAST /ANG,1,-30,XS,1 /REP,FAST /ANG,1,-30,YS,1 /REP,FAST /ANG,1,30,YS,1 /REP,

34、FAST /ANG,1,-30,ZS,1 /REP,FAST /ANG,1,30,ZS,1 /REP,FAST /ANG,1,30,ZS,1 /REP,FAST /DIST,1,1.,1 /REP,FAST /DIST,1,1.,1 /REP,FAST /DIST,1,0.2,1/REP,FAST /DIST,1,0.2,1/REP,FAST !* /PSF,PRES,NORM,2,1,1/PBF,DEFA, ,1 /PIC,DEFA, ,1 /PSYMB,CS,0 /PSYMB,NDIR,0 /PSYMB,ESYS,0 /PSYMB,LDIV,0 /PSYMB,LDIR,0 /PSYMB,A

35、DIR,0 /PSYMB,ECON,0 /PSYMB,XNODE,0 /PSYMB,DOT,1/PSYMB,PCONV, /PSYMB,LAYR,0 /PSYMB,FBCS,0 !* /PBC,ALL, ,1/REP!* FINISH /POST1 PLDISP,1/ANG,1,30,YS,1 /REP,FAST /ANG,1,30,YS,1 /REP,FAST /VIEW,1,1,1,1 /ANG,1 /REP,FAST /ANG,1,30,XS,1 /REP,FAST /ANG,1,30,XS,1 /REP,FAST /ANG,1,30,XS,1 /REP,FAST /ANG,1,30,X

36、S,1 /REP,FAST /ANG,1,30,XS,1 /REP,FAST /ANG,1,30,XS,1 /REP,FAST /ANG,1,30,XS,1 /REP,FAST /DIST,1,1.,1 /REP,FAST /DIST,1,1.,1 /REP,FAST /DIST,1,1.,1 /REP,FAST /DIST,1,1.,1 /REP,FAST !* PRNSOL,S,PRIN !* /EFACET,1 PLNSOL, S,EQV, 0,1.0/DIST,1,1.,1 /REP,FAST /DIST,1,1.,1 /REP,FAST /DIST,1,1.,1 /REP,FAST

37、!* /EXPAND,4,POLAR,HALF,90/REPLOT !* /DIST,1,1.,1 /REP,FAST /DIST,1,1.,1 /REP,FAST /SHOW,WIN32 /DEVICE,VECTOR,1/DEVICE,BBOX,1 /DEVICE,DITHER,1/DEVICE,ANIM,BMP! /UIS,DYNA,0 ! /UIS,ZPIC,0 /REPLOT !* /DIST,1,0.2,1/REP,FAST /DIST,1,0.2,1/REP,FAST /DIST,1,1.,1 /REP,FAST /DIST,1,1.,1 /REP,FAST /DIST,1,1.,1 /REP,FAST /DIST,1,0.2,1/REP,FAST /DIST,1,0.2,1/REP,FAST /DIST,1,0.2,1/REP,FAST /DIST,1,1.,1 /REP,FAST /DIST,1,1.,1 /REP,FAST FINISH ! /EXIT,MODEL /BATCH