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1、介词和介词短语小题必练7:介词和介词短语寿垣说困常考考点:before在(时、空)之前across横过、在上till直到like像after在(时、空)之后through在中穿过for表原因、目的to表方向above在上面by在旁边,乘船、车等behind在后面Of表所属关系over在正上方With表伴随(具有)beside在旁around在周围under在正下方atin、On表时间、地点near附近up向上on在表面between表在二者之间along沿着down向下in在里面among表在三者之间from来自off远as作为beyond超出范围toward朝、向1. (2020山东卷)Mu
2、seumsmustcompetepeople,ssparetimeandmoneywithotheramusements.【答案】for【解析】考查固定搭配。根据空格前的动词compete与空格后的people*ssparetimeandmoney,判断此处需用表为竞争”的动词短语ConIPetefor,故填for。2. (2020浙江卷7月)Sometimeafter10,000BC,peoplemadethefirstrealattempttocontroltheworldtheylived,throughagriculture.【答案】in【解析】考查介词。句意:公元前100OO年以后,
3、人们第一次真正尝试通过农业来控制他们所居住的世界。分析可知,“theylived”应是之前名词theworld的定语从句,定语从句引导词被省略,可推知先行词应是在从句中作宾语,即:theylivedintheworld,livein+名词,意为居住在某地。故填in。3. (2020全国1卷)ThefarsideofthemoonisofparticularinteresttoscientistsbecauseithasalotofdeepCraterS(环形山),moresotheIamiliarnearside.1答案】than【解析】考查介词。根据句子中more可知此处应该用比较级,故填t
4、han。4. (2020全国II卷)Bambooplantsareassociatedhealth,abundanceandahappyhome.【答案】with【解析】考查介词。beassociatedWith为固定搭配,表示“与相关”,故填Witho5. (2020全国III卷)Theartistwasfinallyhumbled(谦卑)bythegreatestartistearth,MotherNature.【答案】on【解析】考查介词。句意:这位艺术家最终被世界上最伟大的艺术家一一大自然母亲所折服。结合句意表示“在世界上”短语为Onearth。故填on。6. (2020浙江卷1月)T
5、hisagingofthepopulationisdriventwofactors.【答案】by【解析】考查介词。句意:人口老龄化是由两个因素造成的。表示“由;被”应用介词by。故填byo7. (2019全国1卷)Modernmethodstrackingpolarbearpopulationshavebeenemployedonlysincethemid-1980s.【答案】of/for【解析】考查介词。此处trackingpolarbearPOPUIatiOnS作Modernmethods的定语,用of连接,methodsofdoingsth.”,意为a的方法”,构成固定结构。或者意为“对
6、于跟踪北极熊的方法”用for。故填of/for。8. (2019全国III卷)Wewerefirstgreetedwiththebarkingbyapackdogs,seventobeexact.【答案】of【解析】考查介词。“apackof”意为“一群故填of。9. (2019浙江卷)Theanswerthisquestionisnotclear.【答案】to【解析】考查介词。句意:这个问题的答案不清楚。thekey/answerto.这是固定搭配,”的答案是wo故填to。10. (2020全国II卷)ThenIcansparesometimetolearnitagain,sothatWec
7、anpracticetogetheroneveryday.【答案】on【解析】考查介词。everyday为时间状语,不需要加on,故删除on。【技巧点拨】当空格后的名词、代词或动名词不是作主语、表语,也不是作动词的宾语时,填介词。具体填什么介词,由介词与该名词的搭配及其意义来决定,也可能是由动词或谓语与介词的句式搭配来决定。具体解题技巧如下:第一步:若空格后是名词、代词、动名词或What从句,且他们不是作主语或作动词的宾语时,很可能就是填介词。第二步:根据具体的语境或空格所在的句子意思来确定填哪个介词。一、单句语法填空1. thefirstdayofseniorhighschool,theha
8、rd-workingstudenttooknoteswhilelistening.【答案】On【解析】考查介词。句意:在上高中的第天,这个勤奋的学生边听边做笔记。分析句子可知,此处表示在上高中的第一天,是指具体的某一天,应用介词。n,故填On。2. 1.etsnotpickthesepeachesthisweekendsothattheygetsweetenoughtobeeaten.【答案】until【解析】考查介词。句意:让我们这个周末再摘这些桃子吧,以便它们吃起来足够甜。根据句意及空前not可知,此处是固定结构not.until.o3. Intheearthquake,thelargec
9、itylayinruinsfifteenterribleseconds.【答案】in/within【解析】考查介词。句意:在地震中,这座大城市在可怕的十五秒钟内就成了一片废墟。根据fifteenterribleSeCOndS可知此处用介词in/within,故填in/within。4. Theroomsupstairsaremuchwarmerthanthose_thegroundfloor.【答案】on【解析】考查介词。句意:楼上的房间要比楼的暖和得多。onthegroundfloor:在一-楼。故填ono5. Heisknownthepolicehispreviouscriminalrec
10、ord.【答案】to;for【解析】考查介词。句意:他因之前的犯罪记录被警察所熟知。beknownto:为所知;beknownfor.:因著名。根据know的固定搭配和句意,第一个空填to,第二个空填for06. Icantbelievethattherestaurant,whichIhaveeatensuchawonderfulmeal,isgoingtobeshutdown.【答案】in【解析】考查“介词+关系代词”定语从句。句意:我不相信我曾经在那里吃过如此美味饭菜的饭店就要倒闭了。分析句子结构可知,第一个逗号后面是“介词+关系代词”引导的非限制性定语从句,WhiCh指代restaura
11、nt,故填in。7. youngwomansitsaloneandisdeepthought.【答案】in【解析】考查介词。句意:句意:一个女子独自坐着,陷入沉思。deepinthought意为“陷入沉思”,故填in。8. Thewriterwhomallofusarefamiliarwillgiveusaspeechtomorrow.【答案】with【解析】考查介词。句意:我们所有人都熟悉的那位作家明天将给我们作演讲。befamiliarWith意为:熟悉,为固定用法,故填With。9. Itwassort_difficultformetoexplainthearticlesentenceb
12、ysentence.【答案】of【解析】考查介词。句意:对我来说,逐句解释这篇文章有点难。Sortof意为“有几分地”,可在句中作状语。故填。f。10. Effectivemeasuresmustbetakentopreventsomefactoriespollutingtheenvironment.【答案】from【解析】考查介词。句意:必须采取有效的措施来阻止一些工厂污染环境。prevent.fromdoingsth.”阻止做某事”,为固定搭配,故填from。二、语法填空Passage1SinceJuly2019,China,sonlinefood-deliveryplatformElem
13、e1(carry)outanewserviceofpickingupgarbagefromitsusersinShanghai.Theservicecomesafter2recently-releasedregulationonwastemanagementinShanghai.Individuals3throwawaytheirgarbagewithoutbeingsortedoutcanbefinedupto200yuan,whilecompaniesand4(organize)canfacefinesupto50,000yuan.Thetrashtakeawayservicerequir
14、esresidentstosort5(they)owngarbagebeforeit6(pick)upbyworkersfromEleme,whowillensurethewasteisdisposedofinthecorrectgarbagebins.It,sobviousthatthisserviceis7(ConVenienCe)totheold,especiallytothedisabledcustomers.8,manynetizensonSinaWeibodon,tthinkElemeisprovidingawonderfulservice,sayingitjustwants9(m
15、ake)money.Theythink12yuanforanorderistoomuch.Besides,manymorepeopledoubtifthesecollectorswillwashtheirhandsafterdealing10thetrash.【答案】1.hascarried2.a3.who/that4.organizations5.their6.ispicked7.convenient8.However9.tomake10.with【解析】这是一篇报道类文章。主要是就上海饿了么在今年七月公布的回收打包垃圾的话题展开讨论和各种反应。1.考查动词时态。根据本句的时间状语SinCe
16、July2019,可知答案为hascarriedo2 .考查冠词。此处表示一项最新颁布的规章制度,可知答案为a。3 .考查关系代词。根据句意,此处缺少定语从句的关系词,表示人,可知答案为who/that。4 .考查名词。根据and前后并列关系可知需要名词复数,因此答案为。rganizations。5 .考查代词。根据句意,该处代词和他所修饰的名词表所属关系,故答案为Iheir。6 .考查动词语态。根据上下文,此处表达被动含义,且主语为it故用单数,故答案为ispickedo7.考查形容词。此处需要形容词作表语,beconvenientto:对方便,故答案ConVenient。8 .考查副词。本
17、句与上文的theold和disabled来看,是明显的转折,故答案HOWeVer。9 .考查非谓语动词。根据用法,此处构成搭配WanItodo,因此用tomake。10 .考查介词。根据短语dealwith,处理。故答案为With。Passage2Tiedtoskis(滑雪板)andpulledarounda11(freeze)lakebyathoroughbredracehorseskijringisasportlikenoother.Thehardyskierstravelatfrighteningspeeds,usingjusttheirvoiceandasetofrulestoguid
18、ethehorsesaroundtheicytrack.The12(usual)sportisconsideredtheshowpieceeventoftheWhiteTurfracesawinteryfestivalheldattheupmarketskiresortofSt.Moritz.Thesportrequirestheabilitytomixskiingtalent13ahigh-levelofhorsemanship.wDuringtheraceyouneedareallystrongvoice,two-timeracewinnerValeriaHolingertoldCNNSp
19、ort.Onlybyshoutingcanyoumakethehorsego14(fast)thanothers.,Competitorsmustwaituntilthey,re18before15(allow)toparticipateintheevent.Eventhen,driverasthey,reknownmustpassfitnesstests16hardtheoryexamsforgoodreason,too.Notonly17(be)theytravelingatincrediblespeeds,thereisalsotheaddeddangerof1(full)grownra
20、cehorsestrampling(踩)ontheskis.Inaddition,thespeedinghooves(马蹄)kickuphugeamountsofsnowandice19crashintothelegsoftheskiersbehind.Suchuniquethreatscallforunique20(protect).Driversarerequiredtousefacemaskstokeepthesnowoutoftheireyesandwearbodyarmorundertheirskisuits.【答案】11 .frozen12.unusual13.with14.fas
21、ter15.beingallowed/allowed16 .and17.are18.fully19.which/that20.protection【解析】这是一篇说明文。短文介绍了马拉滑雪板,一项将滑雪天赋与高水平的马术相结合的运动。I1.考查形容词。frozen“冰冻的”,为形容词,修饰名词lake。frozenlake意为冰封的湖面。故填frozeno17 .考查形容词。由前文“skij6ringisasportlikenoOther”(马拉雪橇是一种与众不同的运动)可知,此处应用UnUSUal(不寻常的)修饰名词SPOrto故填UnUSUa1。18 .考查介词。mix.with.意为:把
22、与结合,为固定短语。故填With。19 .考查副词比较级。由than可知,应填副词比较级。故填faster。20 .考查非谓语动词/省略句。before既可作介词,也可作连词。before为介词时,allow与主语为动宾关系,故使用其动名词被动形式;before作连词时,此处可看作beforeIheyareallowed省略了theyare的情况。故填beingallowed/alIowedo21 .考查连词。分析句子可知,fitnesstests和hardtheoryexams为并列结构作动词PaSS的宾语,故用and连接。故填and。22 .考查主谓一致。notOnIy置于句首,后面的句子为半倒装句,谓语动词与主语they保持一致。故填are。23 .考查副词。fully为副词形容词grown。故填fully。24 .考查关系代词。分析句子可知,snowandice为先行词,在后面的定语从句中作主语。所以关系代词为which/thato故填which/thato25 .考查名词。UniqUe为形容词修饰名词ProteCtiOn。故填PrOteCtion。