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1、美国名人建筑设计师工程师发明家巴克敏斯特富勒R.BuckminsterFuller,1895-1983:BuildingDesigner,Engineer,InventorandPoetplaystopmutemaxvolume00:00-18:05repeatByMarilynRiceChristiano2010-5-29Photo:bfi.orgR.BuckminsterFullerwithDomeModelsPHOEBEZIMMERMANN:ImPhoebeZimmermann.STEVEEMBER:AndImSteveEmberwiththeVOASpecialEnglishprogr
2、amPEOP1.EINAMERICA.Todaywetellaboutanunusualmanwhohadmanyabilities,RichardBuckminsterFuller.(MUSIC)PHOEBEZIMMERMANN:Buildingdesigner.Engineer.Inventor.Thinker.Poet.Notfivepeople.Justone:RichardBuckminsterFuller.BuckyFuller,ashewasknown,wasoneofthemostunusualthinkersofthetwentiethcentury.Hisaiminlife
3、wastomakethehumanraceasuccessintheuniverse.BuckyFullerspentmostofhislifesearchingfornewideas.Healsosearchedforunusualconnectionsbetweenexistingideas.Hedescribedhimselfinthesewords:Acomplete,future-thinkingdesign-scienceexplorer.Fullerbelieveddeeplyintechnology.Throughtechnology,hesaid,peoplecandoany
4、thingtheyneedtodo.STEVEEMBER:R.BuckminsterFullerdiedinnineteeneighty-threeattheageofeighty-seven.Duringhislonglife,hediscussedhisideaabouttechnologyandhumansurvival.Hecalledhisideadymaxion,Itcamefromthreewords.Dynamic,meaningaforce.Maximum,meaningthemost.Andionzwhichisanatomorgroupofatomswithanelect
5、ricalcharge.Fullerexplainedtheworddymaxionasamethodofdoingmorewithless.Everythinghedidwasguidedbythisidea.Hedesignedadymaxioncar;adymaxionhouse,andadymaxionmapoftheworld.Butheprobablyisknownbestforanotherinvention-thegeodesicdome.Ageodesicdomeisaroundbuildingmadeofmanystraight-sidedpieces.Talkingabo
6、utR.BuckminsterFullermeansusingstrangewords.ThisisbecauseFullerhimselfinventedwordstodescribehisideasanddesigns.Hisdesignswerewayaheadofhistime.Theystillare.(MUSIC)USPostageStampofR.BuckminsterFullerPHOEBEZIMMERMANN:R.BuckminsterFullerwasborninMilton,Massachusetts,ineighteenninety-five.Buckycouldnot
7、seeclearly,becausehiseyesdidnotpointstraightahead.So,hisworldwasfilledwithmassesofcolorwithoutclearshapes.Whenhewasfouryearsold,hegoteyeglassestocorrecttheproblem.Suddenly,hecouldseetheshapesofpeoplesfaces.Hecouldseestarsintheskyandleavesonthetrees.Heneverlosthisjoyatthebeautyhediscoveredintheworld.
8、Asachild,BuckyFullerquestionedeverything.Hewasaveryindependentthinkeratanearlyage.Hisrefusaltoacceptotherpeoplesideasandrulescontinuedashegrewolder.Oneresultwasthathenevercompletedhisuniversitystudies.HewasexpelledtwotimesfromHarvardUniversityinCambridge,Massachusetts.Hethoughthistimewasbetterspenth
9、avingfunthanstudying.YetBuckyFullerwasveryseriousaboutlearning.HeprovedthiswhenhejoinedtheAmericannavyduringWorldWarOne.STEVEEMBER:Inthenavyzhelearnedallaboutnavigation,mathematics,mechanics,communicationsandelectronicsengineering.Helovedthisworldofmoderntechnology.Soonafterhejoinedthenavy,hedesigne
10、dnewrescueequipment.Ithelpedsavethelivesofsomepilotsduringtraining.Fullersgoodnavyrecordwonhimashort-termappointmenttotheUnitedStatesNavalAcademyinAnnapoliszMaryland.Itwastherehefirstdevelopedtwoideasthatwereimportantfortherestofhislife.Whilestudyingwarships,Fullerrealizedthattheyweighedmuchlessthan
11、buildings,yetwereabletodomuchmore.Hedecidedbetterdesignscouldalsohelphumansdomore,usingfewermaterials.PHOEBEZIMMERMANN:Innineteenseventeen,BuckyFullermarriedAnneHewlett.Theirdaughter,Alexandra,wasbornaboutayearlater.Buckywasaveryemotionalman,aswellasanintellectualone.Helovedhislittledaughter.Shewast
12、hewonderofhisworld.ThenAlexandrabecameverysick.Themedicinetocureherhadnotbeeninventedyet.Shediedattheageoffour.BuckyFullerblamedhimsetalthoughhehaddoneeverythinghecouldtosaveher.Hissorrowovercamehim.Hebegantodrinktoomuchalcohol.Yethecontinuedtoworkhard.Fullerwasheadofacompanythatmadealight-weightbui
13、ldingmaterial.Hewasnotasuccessfulbusinessman,however.Andthecompanybegantofail.Hewasdismissedbytheowners.Itwasnineteentwenty-seven.Hiswifehadjustgivenbirthtoanotherbabygirl.TheywerelivinginChicago,Illinois.Hehadnojobandnomoney.Hefelthewasacompletefailure.bfi.orgR.BuckminsterFullerwithaFlysEyeDomeSTEV
14、EEMBER:BuckyFullerwalkedthroughthestreetsofChicagoalong1.akeMichigan.Hestoodsilentlyontheshore.Heconsideredkillinghimself.Then,asheexplainedlater;herealizedhedidnothavetherighttokillhimself.Hesaidhehadfeltsomethinginsidehimthatday.HecalledittheGreaterIntelligenceorGod.Ittoldhimhebelongedtotheunivers
15、e.SoBuckyFullerdecidedtolive.Andhewouldlivethewayhethoughtbest.HepromisedtospendhisremainingyearsinsearchofdesignsthatcouldmakehumanexistenceonEartheasier.Thisbeganhisgreatcreativeperiod.(MUSIC)PHOEBEZIMMERMANN:Fullersfirstdesignwasthedymaxionhouse.Itwasnotbuiltattheplaceitwouldstand.Itwasbuiltinafa
16、ctory,thenmoved.Itdidnotcostmuchtobuild.AnditdidnotlooklikeatraditionalhouseinAmerica.Itsroofhungfromahugestickinthecenter.Itswallsweremadeofglass.Itcontainedeverythingneededforpeopletolive.Powercamefromthesun.Waterwascleanedandre-used.Fullerthendesignedandbuiltthedymaxioncar.Itlookedalittleliketheb
17、odyofanairplane.Ithadthreewheelsinsteadoffour.Itcouldgoasfastasonehundredeightykilometersanhour.Itcarrieduptotwelvepassengers.SeveralcompanieswereinterestedinbuildingandsellingFullershouseandcar.Buthisdesignsweresodifferent,soextreme,thatbankswerenotwillingtolendmoneyfortheprojects.Sothedymaxionhous
18、e-whichcouldhaveprovidedlow-costhousingforeveryone-wasneverbuilt.Andthedymaxioncar-whichcouldhaveprovidedsafe,pollution-freetransportationusinglittlegasoline-wasneverproduced.STEVEEMBER:BuckyFullerdidnotgiveuphisideaofdoingmorewithless.Hehadanideaforanotherbuildingdesign.Itwouldprovidethemoststrengt
19、hwiththeleastamountofmaterial.Hebeganlookingfortheperfectshape.Fullerfounditinnature.Itappearedintheshapesoforganiccompoundsandmetals.Themainpartofhisdesignisafour-sidedpyramid.Tocreateabuilding,manypyramidsareconnectedtoeachother.Theconnectingpiecehaseightsides.Together,thesetwoshapescreateaverystr
20、ong,light-weightroundedstructure.Thestructurecanbecoveredwithanykindofmaterial.Anditcanstandwithoutanysupportsinside.Fullernamedthisstructurethegeodesicdome.Itcoversmorespacewithlessmaterialthananyotherbuildingeverdesigned.PHOEBEZIMMERMANN:Afteranumberofexperimentalgeodesicdomeswerebuiltzindustrybeg
21、antounderstandthevalueofthedesign.Today,thereareaboutonehundredthousanddifferentlargeandsmallgeodesicdomesinusearoundtheworld.However;nooneyethasactedononeofFullersideasforthegeodesicdome.Therearenolimitstothesizeofageodesicdome.SoFullerproposedusingthemovercitiesoroverareasthathadsevereweather.Ageo
22、desicdomethatsizewouldmakeitpossibletohavecompletecontrolovertheenvironmentinsideit.(MUSIC)STEVEEMBER:MostofBuckyFullersinventionsdidnotearnhimmuchmoney.Alotofwhathedidearnhespenttravellingaroundtheworld.Hetoldanyonewhowouldlistenabouthisideasforhumanlifeonthisplanet.HecalledtheplanetSpaceshipEarth,
23、Humanszhesaid,areastronautsonSpaceshipEarth.Theyaretravellingonehundredthousandkilometersanhouraroundthesun.HesaidtheEarthislikealargemechanicaldevicethatwillsurviveonlyifpeoplelivingonitknowhowtooperateitcorrectly.PeoplemustliveonEarthjustasastronautsliveinaspaceship.Theymustusetheirsupplieswisely,
24、andre-usethem.BuckminsterFullersaidhumansareable,throughplanningandwiseuseofnaturalsupplies,tofeedandhousethemselvesforever.(MUSIC)PHOEBEZIMMERMANNiThisVOASpecialEnglishprogram,PEOP1.EINAMERICA,waswrittenbyMarilynRiceChristiano.Itwasproducedby1.awanDavis.OurengineerwasSulaimanTarawaley.mPhoebeZimmerman.STEVEEMBER:AndmSteveEmber.JoinusagainnextweekforanotherPEOP1.EINAMERICAprogramontheVoiceofAmerica.
