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1、美国名人女摄影师玛格丽特伯克怀特MargaretBourke-White:AFearlessNewsPhotographerplaystopmutemaxvolume00:00-15:23repeatByShelleyGollust2009-5-9VOICEONE:mBarbaraKlein.VOICETWO:AndmSteveEmberwithPeopleinAmericainVOASpecialEnglish.TodaywetellaboutphotographerMargaretBourke-White,oneoftheleadingnewsreportersofthetwentieth
2、century.(MUSIC)VOICEONE:Ayoungwomanissittingonherkneesontopofalargemetalstatue.Sheisnotinapark.SheisoutsideanofficebuildinghighaboveNewYorkCity.Theyoungwomanreachedthestatuebyclimbingthroughawindowonthesixty-firstfloor.Shewantedtogetabetterpictureofthecitybelow.ApictureofMargaretBourke-Whitetakenbyt
3、hephotographerAnselAdamsThewomanisMargaretBourke-White.Shewasoneoftheleadingnewsreportersofthetwentiethcentury.Butshedidnotwritethenews.Shetoldherstorieswithacamera.Shewasafearlesswomanofgreatenergyandskill.HerworktookherfromAmericasMidwesttotheSovietUnion.FromEuropeduringWorldWarTwotoIndia,SouthAfr
4、icaandKorea.Throughherwork,shehelpedcreatethemodernartofphotojournalism.Insomeways,Bourke-Whitewasawomanaheadofhertime.Sheoftendidthingslongbeforetheybecameacceptedinsociety.Shewasdivorced.Sheworkedinaworldofinfluentialmen,andearnedtheirpraiseandsupport.Sheworetrousersandcoloredherhair.Yet,inmoreimp
5、ortantways,shewasawomanofandforhertimes.Shebecameinvolvedintheworldaroundherandrecordeditinpicturesforthefuture.(MUSIC)MargaretBourke-WhitewasborninNewYorkCityinnineteen-oh-four.WhenMargaretwasveryyoung,thefamilymovedtoNewJersey.Hermother,MinnieBourke,workedonpublicationsfortheblind.Herfather,Joseph
6、White,wasanengineeranddesignerintheprintingindustry.Healsolikedtotakepictures.Theirhomewasfilledwithhisphotographs.SoonyoungMargaretwashelpinghimtakeanddevelophisphotographs.Whenshewaseightyearsold,herfathertookherinsideafactorytowatchthemanufactureofprintingpresses.Inthefoundry,shesawhotliquidironb
7、eingpouredtomakethemachines.Sherememberedthisforyearstocome.MargaretattendedseveraluniversitiesbeforecompletingherstudiesatCornellUniversityinIthacazNewYorkinnineteentwenty-seven.Shestudiedengineering,biologyandphotography.Shemarriedwhileshewasstillastudent.Butthemarriageonlylastedoneyear.VOICEONE:M
8、argarettookthenameBourke-Whitezthelastnamesofhermotherandfather.Innineteentwenty-eight,shebeganworkinginthemidwesterncityofCleveland,Ohio.ItwasthenoneofthecentersofAmericanindustry.ShebecameanindustrialphotographerattheOtisSteelCompany.Inthehot,noisyfactorieswheresteelwasmade,shesawbeautyandasubject
9、forherpictures.Shesaid:Industryisalive.Thebeautyofindustryliesinitstruthandsimpleness.Everylinehasapurpose,andsoisbeautiful.Whateverartwillcomeoutofthisindustrialagewillcomefromthesubjectsofindustrythemselves.whichareclosetotheheartofthepeople.ThroughoutAmericaandEurope,engineersandbuildingdesigners
10、foundbeautyintechnology.Theirmachinesandbuildingshadartisticforms.InNewYork,theMuseumofModernArtopenedinnineteentwenty-nine.Oneofitsgoalswastostudytheuseofartinindustry.Bourke-Whitesphotographicexperimentsbeganwiththeuseofindustryinart.VOICETWO:Bourke-WhitesfirstpicturesinsidethesteelfactoryinClevel
11、andwereafailure.Thedifferencebetweenthebrightburningmetalandtheblackfactorywallswastooextremeforhercamera.Shecouldnotsolvetheproblemuntilshegotnewequipmentanddiscoverednewtechniquesofphotography.Thenshewasabletocapturethesharpdifferencebetweenlightanddark.Themovementandpowerofmachines.Theimportanceo
12、findustry.Sometimesherpicturesmadeyoufeelyouwerelookingdownfromagreatheight,orupfromfarbelow.Sometimestheyledyoudirectlyintotheheartoftheactivity.InNewYork,awealthyandinfluentialpublishernamedHenry1.ucesawBourke-Whitespictures.1.ucepublishedamagazinecalledTime.Hewantedtostartanewmagazine.Itwouldbeca
13、lledFortune,andwouldreportaboutdevelopmentsinindustry.1.ucesentatelegramtoBourke-White,askinghertocometoNewYorkimmediately.SheacceptedajobasphotographerforFortunemagazine.Sheworkedtherefromnineteentwenty-ninetonineteenthirty-three.(MUSIC)FortPeckDamzMontanatakenbyMargaretBourke-Whitein1936VOICETWO:M
14、argaretBourke-Whitetoldstoriesinpictures,oneimageatatime.Sheusedeachsmallimagetotellpartofthebiggerstory.Thetechniquebecameknownasthephotographicessay.Othermagazinesandphotographersusedthetechnique.ButBourke-White-morethanmostphotographers-hadunusualchancestodevelopit.VOICEONE:Intheearlynineteenthir
15、ties,shetraveledtotheSovietUnionthreetimes.1.atershewrote:Nothinginvitesmesomuchasacloseddoor.IcannotletmycamerarestuntilIhaveopenedthatdoor.AndIwantedtobefirst.Ibelievedinmachinesasobjectsofbeauty.SoIfeltthestoryofanationtryingtoindustrialize-almostovernight-wasperfectforme.VOICETWO:Onherfirsttript
16、otheSovietUnion,Bourke-WhitetraveledontheTrans-SiberianRailway.Shecarriedmanycamerasandexamplesofherwork.WhenshearrivedinMoscow,aSovietofficialgaveheraspecialtravelpermit,becausehelikedherindustrialphotographs.ThepermitorderedallSovietcitizenstohelpherwhileshewasinthecountry.Bourke-Whitespoketogroup
17、sofSovietwritersandphotographers.Theyaskedheraboutcameratechniques,andalsoaboutherprivatelife.Afteronegathering,severalmensurroundedherandtalkedforalongtime.TheyspokeRussian.Notknowingthelanguage,Bourke-Whitesmiledinagreementateachmanashespoke.Onlylaterdidshelearnthatshehadagreedtomarryeachoneofthem
18、.Herassistantexplainedthemistakeandsaidtothemen:MissBourke-Whitelovesnothingbuthercamera.Bytheendofthetrip,MargaretBourke-WhitehadtraveledeightthousandkilometersthroughouttheSovietUnion.Shetookhundredsofpictures,andpublishedsomeoftheminherfirstbook,EyesonRussia.Shereturnedthenextyeartoprepareforaser
19、iesofstoriesfortheNewYorkTimesnewspaper.AndshewentbackathirdtimetomakeaneducationalmoviefortheKodakfilmcompany.Bourke-WhitevisitedSovietcities,farmsandfactories.Shetookpicturesofworkersusingmachines.Shetookpicturesofpeasantwomen,villagechildren,andeventhemotherofSovietleaderJosephStalin.Shetookpictu
20、resofthecountryslargestbridge,andtheworldslargestdam.Sheusedherskillinmixingdarknessandlighttocreateworksofart.Shereturnedhomewithmorethanthreethousandphotographs-thefirstwesterndocumentaryontheSovietUnion.(MUSIC)VOICETWO:MargaretBourke-Whitehadseenagreatdealforsomeonenotyetthirtyyearsold.Butinninet
21、eenthirty-four,shesawsomethingthatwouldchangeherideaoftheworld.FortunemagazinesentheronatripthroughthecentralpartoftheUnitedStates.Shewastoldtophotographfarmers-fromAmericasnorthernborderwithCanadatoitssouthernborderwithMexico.Someofthefarmerswerevictimsofaterribleshortageofrain,andoftheirownpoorfar
22、mingmethods.Thegoodsoilhadturnedtodust.Andthewindblewthedustovereverything.Itgotintomachinesandstoppedthem.Itchasedthefarmersfromtheirland,althoughtheyhadnowhereelsetogo.VOICEONE:Bourke-Whitehadnevergivenmuchthoughttohumansuffering.Afterhertrip,shehadadifficulttimeforgetting.Shedecidedtouseherskills
23、toshowallpartsoflife.Shewouldcontinuetakingindustrialpicturesofhappy,healthypeopleenjoyingtheirshinynewcars.Butshewouldtelladifferentstoryinherphotographicessays.Underonepictureshewrote:Whilemachinesaremakinggreatprogressinautomobilefactories,theworkersmightbeunder-paid.Picturescanbebeautiful.Buttheymusttellfacts,too,WewillcontinuethestoryofphotographerMargaretBourke-Whitenextweek.(MUSIC)VOICETWO:ThisprogramwaswrittenbyShelleyGollust.Itwasproducedby1.awanDavis.OurstudioengineerwasTomVerba.mSteveEmber.VOICEONE:AndmBarbaraKlein.JoinusagainnextweekforPeopleinAmericainVOASpecialEnglish.
