《美国名人 环保主义者 作家 蕾切尔·卡逊.docx》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《美国名人 环保主义者 作家 蕾切尔·卡逊.docx（4页珍藏版）》请在课桌文档上搜索。
1、美国名人环保主义者作家蕾切尔卡逊RachelCarsonz1907-1964:EnvironmentalistandAuthorplaystopmutemaxvolume00:00-18:06repeatBy1.awanDavis2010-3-13Photo:usgs.govEnvironmentalistandWriterRachelCarsonFAITH1.APIDUS:PeopleAmerica,aprograminSpecialEnglishontheVoiceofAmerica.Today,SteveEmberandRichKleinfeldttellaboutscientistRa
2、chelCarson.HerworkstartedtheenvironmentalprotectionmovementintheUnitedStates.(MUSIC)STEVEEMBER:RachelCarsonwasbornonMaytwenty-seventh,nineteen-oh-seveninSpringdale,Pennsylvania.Rachelsfather,RobertCarsonzwasasalesmanwhoinvestedinlocalland.Hepurchasedtwenty-sixhectaresoflandtomakeahomeforhisfamily.Th
3、eareawassurroundedbyfields,treesandStreaMissTheCarsonfamilyenjoyedlivinginthebeautiful,countryenvironment.Rachelsmother,MariaCarson,hadbeenaschoolteacher.Shelovedbooks.Shealsolovednature.Rachelwastheyoungestofthreechildren.Hersisterandbrotherwerealreadyinschoolwhenshewasborn.SoMissusCarsonwasabletos
4、pendalotoftimewithRachel.SheshowedRachelthebeautyofnature.ShealsotaughtRacheladeeploveforbooks.MissusCarsonbecamethemostimportantinfluenceonRachelslife.RICHK1.EINFE1.DT:Rachelwasaquietchild.Shelikedtoreadandtowritepoemsandstories.Shewasveryintelligent.Ataveryearlyageshedecidedshewantedtobeawritersom
5、eday.Herfirstpublishedstoryappearedinachildrensmagazinewhenshewastenyearsold.RachelwenttothePennsylvaniaCollegeforWomen.ShestudiedEnglishbecauseshewantedtobecomeaprofessionalwriter.Yet,shefeltshedidnothavetheimaginationtowritecreativestories.ShechangedherareaofstudyfromEnglishtoscienceaftershetookab
6、iologycoursethatsheliked.Herprofessorsadvisedhernottostudyscience.Theysaidtherewasnofutureforawomaninscience.fws.orgSTEVEEMBER:Innineteentwenty-nine,Rachelgraduatedfromcollegewithhighhonors.ShewonafinancialawardtostudyatJohnsHopkinsUniversityinBaltimore,Maryland.Innineteenthirty-two,sheearnedamaster
7、sdegreeinzoology,thescientificstudyofanimals.ShetaughtzoologyattheUniversityofMarylandforafewyears.Duringthesummers,shestudiedtheoceananditslifeformsattheWoodsHoleMarineBiological1.aboratoryinMassachusetts.Thatiswhenshebecameinterestedinthemysteriesofthesea.(MUSIC)RICHK1.EINFE1.DT:Rachelslifechanged
8、greatlyinthemiddlenineteenthirties.Herfatherdiedsuddenlyinnineteenthirty-five.HeleftverylittlefinancialsupportforRachelsmother.ItwasduringtheeconomicdeclineintheUnitedStatescalledtheGreatDepression.Rachelnowhadtosupporthermotherandherself.Sheneededmoremoneythanherteachingjobcouldprovide.Shebeganpart
9、-timeworkforafederalgovernmentagency,theBureauofFisheriesinWashington,D.C.Oneyearlater,Rachelssisterdied.Hersisterwasthemotheroftwoyounggirls.Rachelandhermothercaredforthegirls.Rachelnowhadtosupporthermother,twoniecesandherself.Again,sheneededajobwithbetterpay.STEVEEMBER:Afulltimejobforabiologistope
10、nedattheUnitedStatesBureauofFisheries.RachelCarsonwastheonlywomantotryfortheposition.Shehadthehighestscoreofallpeoplecompetingforthejob.MissCarsongotthepositioninAugust,nineteenthirty-six.Shewaschosentoworkintheofficeofthechiefofthebiologydivision.HerfirstjobwastowriteaseriesofprogramscalledRomanceU
11、ndertheWaters.Theserieswasbroadcastonradioforayear.ShecontinuedtowriteandeditpublicationsfortheBureauofFisheriesformanyyears.Thebureauwashappytohaveascientistwhowasalsoanexcellentwriter.RachelCarsonprovidedinformationtothepublicininterestingandunderstandableways.fws.orgRachelCarsonwrotePenAgainstPap
12、erfortheAmericanDepartmentofStateRICHK1.EINFE1.DT:Innineteen-forty,theUnitedStatesBureauofFisheriesandtheBiologicalSurveyjoinedtobecometheFishandWildlifeService.MissCarsoncontinuedasoneofthefewwomenemployedthereasascientist.Theotherwomenworkedasofficeassistants.Whileshewasworkingforthegovernment,Mis
13、sCarsonwroteatnightandonweekends.Innineteenthirty-sevenshewroteareportaboutsealife.ItwascalledUndersea.Itappearedinthemagazine,AtlanticMonthly.Aneditoratapublishinghouseencouragedhertowriteabookabouttheseaforthegeneralpublic.Soshedid.Herfirstbook,UndertheSeaWind,waspublishedinnineteenforty-one.STEVE
14、EMBER:Innineteenforty-eight,MissCarsonbeganworkingonanotherbook,TheSeaAroundUs.Itbecameherfirstbest-sellingbook.RachelCarsonalwaysresearchedcarefullywhenshewrote.ShegatheredinformationfrommorethanonethousandplacestowriteTheSeaAroundUs.Shealsowroteletterstoexpertsallovertheworld.STEVEEMBER:TheSeaArou
15、ndUswaspublishedinnineteenfifty-one.Itwasnumberoneonthebest-sellerlistformorethanayear.ItwontheNationalBookAward.TheSeaAroundUsmadeRachelCarsonfamous.Themoneythebookearnedeasedherfinancialresponsibilitiesforthefirsttimeinyears.Innineteenfifty-two,MissCarsonwasabletoleaveherjobattheFishandWildlifeSer
16、viceandspendhertimewriting.MissCarsonmovedtoahomeonthecoastofMaine.Thereshestudiedtheecologyofthesea.Hernextbook,TheEdgeoftheSea,waspublishedinnineteenfifty-five.Ittoldoftheconnectionofalllivingcreaturesinareaswherelandandoceanmeet.(MUSIC)RICHK1.EINFE1.DT:RachelCarsonsmostfamousbook,SilentSpringwasp
17、ublishedinnineteensixty-two.Theideaforthebookdevelopedfromasuggestionfromafriend.Rachelsfriendownedaprotectedareaforbirds.AnairplanehadflownovertheareawherethebirdswerekeptandspreadapowerfulchemicalcalledDDT.Itwaspartofaprojecttocontrolmosquitoes.ManysongbirdsandharmlessinsectswerekilledbytheDDT.Mis
18、sCarsonandotherscientistswereveryconcernedabouttheharmfuleffectsofDDTandotherinsect-killingchemicalscalledpesticides.AfterWorldWarTwo,thesepoisonouschemicalswerewidelyusedtocontrolinsects.Pesticidesweresprayedalmosteverywhereincludingagriculturalfieldsandcommunities.DDTandotherpesticideshadbecomepop
19、ularwiththepublicandthegovernmentbecausetheyweresoeffective.Manufacturingthesechemicalshadbecomeahugeindustry.STEVEEMBER:RachelCarsontriedtogetmanymagazinesinterestedinpublishingareportaboutthesubject.However,nonewouldagreetopublishanythingaboutsuchadisputedsubject.Theysaidnoonewantedtohearthatindus
20、trialcompaniescouldcausegreatecologicaldamage.MissCarsonbelievedthepublicneededtoknowaboutthisimportantissue.Shedecidedtowriteabookaboutit.Shecollectedfactsfromexpertsfromallovertheworld.ShegatheredstudiesthatshowedtheharmfuleffectsofDDT；includingdecliningbirdpopulationsandincreasedhumancancers.Inhe
21、rbookSilentSpring,MissCarsonquestionedtherightofindustrialcompaniestopollutewithoutconsideringtheeffectsontheenvironment.MissCarsonarguedthatthiskindofpollutionwouldresultinever-decreasingpopulationsofbirdsandotherwildlife.Shesaidthiswouldleadtothelossofthewonderfulsoundsofnature.Thechemicalpoisonin
22、goftheenvironment,shesaid,wouldcauseasilentspring.RICHK1.EINFE1.DT:Thechemicalindustryfeltthreatened.Industryspokesmenandothercriticssaidthebookwasnon-scientificandemotional.Theymisunderstoodthemessageofthebook.MissCarsondidnotsuggestthatallpesticidesbebanned.Sheurgedthatcontrolofthesesubstancesbegi
23、ventobiologistswhocouldmakeinformeddecisionsabouttherisksinvolved.Supportforthebookincreased.Bytheendofnineteensixty-two,thereweremorethanfortybillsinstatelegislaturesproposingtocontrolpesticides.Finally,inNovember,nineteensixty-nine,theUnitedStatesgovernmentruledthattheuseofDDTmuststopintwoyears.Ra
24、chelCarsondidnotlivetoseehowherbookinfluencedthegovernmentsdecisiontobanDDT.Shediedofbreastcancerinnineteensixty-four.Shewasfifty-sixyearsold.STEVEEMBER:TwomemorialshonorRachelCarson.OneistheRachelCarsonNationalWildlifeRefugeinMaine.TheotheristheRachelCarsonHomesteadinSpringdale,Pennsylvania,thehome
25、shelivedinwhenshewasachild.Educationprogramsareofferedtherethatteachchildrenandadultsaboutherenvironmentalvalues.RachelCarsonsvoiceisaliveinherwritingsthatexpressthewonderandbeautyofthenaturalworld.Andherworldwideinfluencecontinuesthroughtheactivitiesoftheenvironmentalprotectionmovementshestarted.(MUSIC)FAITH1.APIDUS:ThisSpecialEnglishprogramwaswrittenby1.awanDavis.ItwasproducedbyPaulThompson.YourannouncerswereSteveEmberandRichKleinfeldt.mFaith1.apidus.JoinusagainnextweekforanotherPeopleinAmericaprogramontheVoiceofAmerica.
