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1、-Intelligent switch power supply英文：With the rapid development of electronic technology, application field of electronic system is more and more extensive, electronic equipment, there are more and more people work with electronic equipment, life is increasingly close relationship. Any electronic equi
2、pment are inseparable from reliable power supply for power requirements, they more and more is also high. Electronic equipment miniaturized and low cost in the power of light and thin, small and efficient for development direction. The traditional transistors series adjustment manostat is continuous
3、 control linear manostat. This traditional manostat technology more mature, and there has been a large number of integrated linear manostat module, has the stable performance is good, output ripple voltage small, reliable operation, etc. But usually need are bulky and heavy industrial frequency tran
4、sformer and bulk and weight are big filter.In the 1950s, NASA to miniaturization, light weight as the goal, for a rocket carrying the switch power development. In almost half a century of development process, switch power because of its small volume, light weight, high efficiency, wide range, voltag
5、e advantages in electric, control, puter, and many other areas of electronic equipment has been widely used. In the 1980s, a puter is made up of all of switch power supply, the first plete puter power generation. Throughout the 1990s, switching power supply in electronics, electrical equipment, home
6、 appliances areas to be widely, switch power technology into the rapid development. In addition, large scale integrated circuit technology, and the rapid development of switch power supply with a qualitative leap, raised high frequency power products of, miniaturization, modular tide.Power switch tu
7、be, PWM controller and high-frequency transformer is an indispensable part of the switch power supply. The traditional switch power supply is normally made by using high frequency power switch tube division and the pins, such as using PWM integrated controller UC3842 + MOSFET is domestic small power
8、 switch power supply, the design method of a more popularity.Since the 1970s, emerged in many function plete integrated control circuit, switch power supply circuit increasingly simplified, working frequency enhances unceasingly, improving efficiency, and for power miniaturization provides the broad
9、 prospect. Three end off-line pulse width modulation monolithic integrated circuit TOP (Three switch Line) will Terminal Off with power switch MOSFET PWM controller one package together, has bee the mainstream of switch power IC development. Adopt TOP switch IC design switch power, can make the circ
10、uit simplified, volume further narrowing, cost also is decreased obviouslyMonolithic switching power supply has the monolithic integrated, the minimalist peripheral circuit, best performance index, no work frequency transformer can constitute a significant advantage switching power supply, etc. Amer
11、ican PI (with) pany in Power in the mid 1990s first launched the new high frequency switching Power supply chip, known as the top switch Power, with low cost, simple circuit, higher efficiency. The first generation of products launched in 1994 represented TOP100/200 series, the second generation pro
12、duct is the TOP Switch - debuted in 1997 . The above products once appeared showed strong vitality and he greatly simplifies thedesign of 150W following switching power supply and the development of new products for the new job, also, high efficiency and low cost switch power supply promotion and po
13、pularization created good condition, which can be widely used in instrumentation, notebook puters, mobile phones, TV, VCD and DVD, perturbation VCR, mobile phone battery chargers, power amplifier and other fields, and form various miniaturization, density, on price can pete with the linear manostat
14、AC/DC power transformation module.Switching power supply to integrated direction of future development will be the main trend, power density will more and more big, to process requirements will increasingly high. In semiconductor devices and magnetic materials, no new breakthrough technology progres
15、s before major might find it hard to achieve, technology innovation will focus on how to improve the efficiency and focus on reducing weight. Therefore, craft level will be in the position of power supply manufacturing higher in. In addition, the application of digital control IC is the future direc
16、tion of the development of a switch power. This trust in DSP for speed and anti-interference technology unceasing enhancement. As for advanced control method, now the individual feels havent seen practicability of the method appears particularly strong,perhaps with the popularity of digital control,
17、 and there are some new control theory into switching power supply.1The technology: with high frequency switching frequencies increase, switch converter volume also decrease, power density has also been boosted, dynamic response improved. Small power DC - DC converter switch frequency will rise to M
18、Hz. But as the switch frequency unceasing enhancement, switch ponents and passive ponents loss increases, high-frequency parasitic parameters and high-frequency EMI and so on the new issues will also be caused.2Soft switching technologies: in order to improve the efficiency of non-linearity of vario
19、us soft switch, mutation technical application and hygiene, representative of soft switch technology is passive and active soft switch technology, mainly including zero voltage switch/zero current switch (ZVS/ZCS) resonance, quasi resonant, zero voltage/zero current pulse width modulation technology
20、 (ZVS/ZCS - PWM) and zero voltage transition/zero current transition pulse width modulation (PWM) ZVT/ZCT - technical, etc. By means of soft switch technology can effectively reduce switch loss and switch stress, help converter transformation efficiency3Power factor correction technology (IC simplif
21、ies PFC). At present mainly divided into IC simplifies PFC technology passive and active IC simplifies PFC technology using IC simplifies PFC technology two kinds big, IC simplifies PFC technology can improve AC - DC change device input power factor, reduce the harmonic pollution of power grid.4Modu
22、lar technology. Modular technology can meet the needs of the distributed power system, enhance the system reliability.5Low output voltage technology. With the continuous development of semiconductor manufacturing technology, microprocessor and portable electronic devices work more and more low, this
23、 requires future DC - DC converter can provide low output voltage to adapt microprocessor and power supply requirement of portable electronic devicesPeople in switching power supply technical fields are edge developing related power electronics device, the side of frequency conversion technology, de
24、velopment of switch between mutual promotion push switch power supply with more than two year growth toward light, digital small, thin, low noise and high reliability, anti-interference direction. Switching powersupply can be divided into the AC/DC and DC/DC two kinds big, also have AC/AC DC/AC as i
25、nverter DC/DC converter is now realize modular, and design technology and production process at home and abroad, are mature and standardization, and has approved by users, but the AC/DC modular, because of its own characteristics in the process of making modular, meet more plex technology and craft
26、manufacture problems. The following two types of switch power supply respectively on the structure and properties of this.Switching power supply is the development direction of high frequency, high reliability, low consumption, low noise, anti-jamming and modular. Because light switch power, small,
27、thin key techniques are changed, so high overseas each big switch power supply manufacturer are devoted to the development of new high intelligent synchronous rectifier, especially the improvement of secondary devices of the device, and power loss of Zn ferrite (Mn) material By increasing scientific
28、 and technological innovation, to enhance in high frequency and larger magnetic flux density (Bs) can get high magnetic under the miniaturization of, and capacitor is a key technology. SMT technology application makes switching power supply has made considerable progress, both sides in the circuitbo
29、ard to ensure that decorate ponents of switch power supply light, small, thin. The high frequency switching power supply of the traditional PWM must innovate switch technology, to realize the ZCS ZVS, soft switch technology has bee the mainstream of switch power supply technical, and greatly improve
30、 the efficiency of switch power. For high reliability index, Americas switch power producers, reduce by lowering operating current measures such as junction temperature of the device, in order to reduce stress the reliability of products made greatly increased.Modularity is of the general developmen
31、t of switch power supply trend can be modular power ponent distributed power system, can be designed to N + 1 redundant system, and realize the capacity expansion parallel. According to switch power running large noise this one defect, if separate the pursuit of high frequency noise will increase it
32、s with the partial resonance, and transform circuit technology, high frequency can be realized in theory and can reduce the noise, but part of the practical application of resonant conversion technology still have a technical problem, so in this area still need to carry out a lot of work, in order t
33、o make the technology to practional utilization.Power electronic technology unceasing innovation, switch power supply industry has broad prospects for development. To speed up the development of switch power industry in China, we must walk speed of technological innovation road, bination with Chines
34、e characteristics in the joint development path, for I the high-speed development of national economy to make the contribution. The basic principle and ponent functionAccording to the control principle of switch power to classification, we have the following 3 kinds of work mode:1) pulse width adjus
35、tment type, abbreviation Modulation Pulse Width pulse width Modulation (PWM) type, abbreviation for. Its main characteristic is fixed switching frequency, pulse width to adjust by changing voltage 390v, realize the purpose. Its core is the pulse width modulator. Switch cycle for designing filter cir
36、cuit fixed provided convenience. However, its shortings is influenced by the power switch conduction time limit minimum of output voltage cannot be wide range regulation; In addition, the output will take dummy loads monly (also called pre load), in order to prevent the drag elevated when output vol
37、tage. At present, most of the integrated switch power adopt PWM way.2) pulse frequency Modulation mode pulse frequency Modulation (, referred to Pulse Frequency Modulation, abbreviation for PFM) type. Its characteristic is will pulse width fixed by changing switch frequency to adjust voltage 390v, r
38、ealize the purpose. Its core is the pulse frequency modulator. Circuit design to use fixed pulse-width generator to replace the pulse width omdulatros and use sawtooth wave generator voltage？Frequency converter (for example VCO changes frequency VCO). It on voltage stability principle is: when the o
39、utput voltage Uo rises, the output signal controller pulse width unchanged and cycle longer, make Uo 390v decreases, and reduction. PFM type of switch power supply output voltage range is very wide, output terminal dont meet dummy loads. PWM way and way of PFM respectively modulating waveform is sho
40、wn in figure 1 (a), (b) shows, tp says pulse width (namely power switch tube conduction time tON), T represent cycle. It can be easy to see the difference between the two. But they have something in mon: (1) all use time ratio control (TRC) on voltage stability principle, whether change tp, finally
41、adjustment or T is pulse 390v. Although adopted in different ways, but control goals, is all rivers run into the sea. (2) when load by light weight, or input voltage respectively, from high changed by increasing the pulse width, higher frequency method to make the output voltage remained stable.3) m
42、ix modulation mode, it is to point to the pulse width and switching frequency is not fixed, each other can change, it belongs to the way the PWM and PFM blend mode. It contains a pulsewidthomdulatros and pulse frequency modulator. Because and T all can adjust alone, so occupies emptiespared to adjus
43、t the most wide range, suitable for making the output voltage for laboratories that use a wide range of can adjust switching power supply. Above 3 work collectively referred to as Time Ratio Control (as a Control, from TRC) way. As noted, pulse width omdulatros either as a independent IC use (for ex
44、ample UC3842 type pulse width omdulatros), can also be integrated in DC/DC converter (for example LM2576 type switching voltage regulators integrated circuit), still can integration in AC/DC converter (for example TOP250 type monolithic integrated circuit switching power supply. Among them, the swit
45、ching voltage regulators belong to DC/DC power converter, switching power supply general for AC/DC power converter.The typical structure of switch power as figure1shows, its working principle is: the first utility into power rectifier and filtering into high voltage dc and then through the switch ci
46、rcuit and high-frequency switch to high frequency low pressure pulse transformer, and then after rectification and filter circuits, finally output low voltage dc power. Meanwhile in the output parts have a circuit feedback to control circuit, through the control PWM occupies emptiespared to achieve
47、output voltage stability.Figure 1 typical structure of switch power supplySwitching power supply by these four ponents:1) the main circuit: exchange network input, from the main circuit to dc output. Mainly includes input filter, rectifier and filtering, inverter, and output rectifier and filtering.
48、(1) input filter: its effect is the power grid existing clutter filtering, also hinder the machine produces clutter feedback to public power grid.(2) rectifier and filter: the power grid ac power directly for a smooth dc rectifier, for the next level transformation.(3) inverter: will the dc after re
49、ctifying a high-frequency ac, this is the core of high frequency switching power supply, the higher the frequency, the volume, weight and the ratio of power output and smaller.(4) Out put rectifier and filter: according to load needs, providing stable and reliable dc power supply. 2) control circuit: on the one hand, from the output by sampling with set standards to pare, and then to control inverter, changing its frequency or pulse width, achieve output stability, on the other hand, according to data provi
