《Culture-Shock中英对译及缩写.docx》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《Culture-Shock中英对译及缩写.docx（3页珍藏版）》请在课桌文档上搜索。
1、Cultureshock英汉对译及原文缩写一、英汉对译CultureshockmightbecalledanIxrcupalionaldiseaseofPeoPICwhohavebeensuddenlytransplantedabroad.1.ikemostailments,ithasitsownsymptomsandcure.I.文化冲击又叫人们移居国外的职业病.像大多数小病一样.它也有自己的症状和治疗方法。CultureShoCkisPredPilatedbylheanxietythalresultsfromlosingalloufamiliarsignsandsymbolsofsursc
2、.ThosesignsorcuesincludethethousandandonewaysinwhichwcorientourselvestoIhCsituationofdailylife:whentoshakehandsandwhattosaywhenwcmeetpeople,whenandhow(ogivelips,howI。makepurchases,whentoacceptandwhentorefuseinvitations,whenIolakeStalcrnenlsseriouslyandwhennl.Thesecues,whichmaybewords,gestures,facial
3、expressions,customs,ornorms,arcacquiredbyallofusinthecourseofgrowingupandarcasmuchapartofourcultureas(helanguagewcspeakor(hebeliefswcaccept.Allofusdependforourpeaceofmindandourefficiencyonhundredsofthesecues,mostofwhichWedonotcarryonthelevelofconsciousawareness.2 .文化冲击是焦虎产生的这种焦虑是由于丢失了指导我们进行社交的熟识的信号和
4、符号这些信号和示意包含了许很多多使我们适应日常生活状况的方法：何时提手，当我们见到人时说什么，何时怎样给小费，怎样购物，何时接受何时拒绝邀请，何时把别人的话当真，何时不。这的示Je或许是词语,手势，面部表情，风俗习惯或者规范这屿都是我们在成长过程中学习得来的它们跟我们所讲的语；所接受的信条一样.是我们文化的一部分，我的全部人都依靠这些示遨来狂得安好的心情以及高效的生活，而这些示意的大多数并不是有意识地记住的。Nowwhenanindividualentersastrangecukure.allofmsdofthesefamiliarcuesareremoved.Hcorsheislikeafi
5、shoutofwater.Nomatterhowbroad-mindedorfullofgdwillyoumaybe,aseriesofpropshavebeenknockedfromunderyou.followedbyafeelingoffrustrationandanxiety.Peoplereact(othefrustrationinmuch(hesameway.Rrs(Iheyrejectheenvironmentwhichcausesthediscomfort.,fcThewaysofthehostcountryarvbadbecausetheymakeusfeelbad.When
6、foreignersinastrangelandgettogethertogrouseaboutthehostcountnranditspeople,youcanbesureIhCyarcsufferingfromculurcshock.Anotherphaseofcultureshockisregression.Thehoneenvinne11suddenlyassumesaINlnefKIousimpo11ae.Tb(heforeignereverythingbecomesi11alinallyglorified.Al)thedil*vulliesandproblemsareforgott
7、enandonlythegoodthingsbackhomearcremembered.Itusuallytakesatriphometobringonebacktoreality.3 .当一个人进入一个生疏的文化，全部或大多数的示意消逝了。他或她像是离开水的鱼.不管你是多么心胸开阔或者充溢友善，你的一系列精神支柱从你身卜被抽走,随之而来的是挫败田和焦虑.人们对焦虑的反应大都是相同的方式，首先,他们抵制引起不适的环境.“东道国的习俗不好，因为他们让我感到很精桂J当生活在异国他乡的外国人聚到一起埋料东道国和它的子民时，你可以确定他们正在遭遇文化冲击带来的苦痛.丹一个文化冲击的阶段是回来。家庭环境
8、突然变得极为重要。对外国人来说，家中的一切都被不合送转的美化了。全部的困难和何跑都将被遗忘,只记得家中美妙的事情.这通常纪要回家一趟.才能把他鲂带回现实中来.Someofthesynxonsofcultureshockareexcessivewashingofthehands,excessiveconcernoverdrinkingwater,fooddishes,andbedding:fearofphysicalcontactwithaltendtmts.theabsent-mindedstare:afeelingofhelplessnessandadesirefordependenceon
9、long-termresidentsoronesownnationality;fitsofangeroverminorfrustrations;greatconcernoverminorpainsanderuptionsOfIheskin;andfinally;thatterriblelonging(obebackhome.4 .JC化冲击的一的症状是过多的洗手，过多担忧饮用水,食物，和床具：胆怯H自与服务员接触,心不在烤的眼神：无助的感觉和渴望依然来向本土的长期居住者：因为一点点挫折大动肝火：时稍微碓受和皮疹的担忧：最终，极为渴望【可家CIndividualsdiffergadyin(hed
10、egiveinwhichCulIUgshockaffects(hem.Althoughnotcommon,(herearcindividualswhocannolliveinforeigncountries.However.IhOSewhohaveseenPeoPlCgothroughcultureShoCkandontoaSaliSfaCtoryadjustmentcandiscernstepsintheprocess.Duringthefirstfewweeksmostiruiiviward(hehostcountry.Tliishostilityevidentlygrowsoutofth
11、egenuinedifficultywhichlhevisitorexperiencesintheprocessofadjustment.Therearehousetroubles,transportationtroubles,shoppingtroubles,andthefactthatpeopleinthehostcountryarclargelyindifferenttoallthesetroubles.Theyhelp,buttheydontunderstandyourgreatconcernoverthesedif11cukies.Therefore,(heymustbeinsens
12、itiveandunsympathetictoyouandyourworries.Theresult.Ijustdon,llikethem.Youbecomeaggressive,youband(ogelherwihothersfnmyourcountryandcriticizethehostcountry,itsways,anditspeople.Butthiscriticismisnotanobjectiveappraisal.Insteadoftryingtoaccountforhcconditionsaxi(hehistoricalcircumstanceswhichhaveCfVat
13、edhentyoutalkasifthedifficultiesyouexperiencearemotorlesscreatedby(hepeopleof(hehoslcunlnforyourspecialdiscomfort.6 .但是这种精神状态不会持续,假如外国造访者仍IH留在国外.并且起先仔细地对待其实的生活状况.在加时，其次个阶段起先了，以对东道国敌对的,攻击挑衅的看法为特征这种敌对明显源自由调笠过程中遭遇的真正的困难。有房子困玳，交通困难，购物困就，以及东遒国人对这也困难的漠不关切的事实。他们招忙，但是他们不能理解你对这些困难的极度担忧.因此,他们对于你和你的困难肯定做冷淡不怜恤.
14、结果是.“我就是不喜爱他们你变得有攻击性，你和来自本土的同伴联系起来，一起评判东道国，他的方式,他的人民.但是这些指费并不是客观的评价。你没有尽力找出造成这些现象的环境因素和历史缘由，却认为好像你经脸的这困难多多少少是东道国的人民为了让你不舒适而特殊设置的。YoutakerefugeinthecolonyofothersfromyourcountrywhichoftenbecomesthefountainheadofCnMHionaIIychargedlabelsknownass(crcotypes.ThisisapeculiarkindofoflensiveShotthandwhichcar
15、icaturesthehostconttyanditspeopleinanegativemanner.ThedollargraspingAmericanullheindolent1.atinAmericans-aresamplesofmildfomu.ofstereotypes.hcsecondstageofcultureshockisinasenseacrisisinthedisease,ifyoucomeoutofit.youstay;ifnot,youleavebeforereachthestageofanervousbreakdown.7 .你到本土的侨民聚居地寻求底护，那里通常是加些
16、充溢心情化色调的外号的源头，而这些外号也己成为公式化的名称被人们广为熟知了。这些特殊的带有攻击性色调的速写.特别夸张地从负面行为上描述广东道国及其人民，“贪财的美国人工“懒散的拉荚人”都是公式化名称中比较品桌的例子，文化冲击的其次阶段在某种意义上是疾病的危急期.假如你能把脱它，你就留下；假如不能，那么在你到达神经衰弱之前抓紧离开吧。Ifvisitor*succeedingellingsomeknowledgeofIhClanguageandbegintogetaroundbythemselves,theyarcbeginningtoopenthewayintothenewculturalenv
17、ironment.Visitorsstillhavedifficultiesbuttheytakea(hisismyproblemandIhave(obearitattitude.UsuallyinthisStagevisitorstakeasurioraltitudetopeopleOfIhehosultheirowndifficulties.Ihcyarcnowonthewaytorecovery.8 .假如造访齐能胜利的获得语言方面的学问，弁且能独立解决一些困难，那么他们起先打开通往新文化环境的路。造访者仍旧会有困难，但是他们实行“这是我的月时,我必衢接受它”的看法。通常在这个阶段造访者
18、对东道国的人实行更加友好的看法。他们起先发挥幽帙感J不是指贲,而足食四周的人甚至自己遇刎的困难开玩笑,他们在红原的路上.InthefourthStage,youradjustnntisaboutascompleteasitcanbe.Thevisitornowacceptsthcustomsof(hecountryasjustanotherwayofliving.Youoperatewithin(henewsurroundingsWiou(afeelingof*nxiely.althoughtherearemomentsofsocialstrain.Onlywithacompletegrasp
19、ofallthecuesofsocialintercoursewillthisstraindisappear.EoraIongtimetheindividualwillUiKterstandwhat(henationalissayingbutisnoalwayssurewhatthenationalmeans.Withacompleteadjustmentyounoen(whichCaUSethediscomfort；theo(herlookingforafamiliarsign,alwayschoose(otakea(riphome.hcsymptomsofcultureshock、arco
20、ftentoomuchtoworryaboutlocalsocialization,safetyofgoodsandIhcirhcalh,oruilong-termresidentsfromtheirowncountry.TherearefourSIePSforaPeoPlewhogothrough(hecultureshocksandbeontoasatisfactoryadjusl11nt.DuringthefirslfewweeksmostindividualsarcIasciniiledbythenew.Ikwillbepamperedandpetted,andspeakglowing
21、lyaboutgoodwillandinternationalfriendshipintheinterview.Iftheindividualisstillabroad,theywillbehostiletothehostcountrybecauseofdificuhiesinIhehouse,dif11cuhyinIransporiation.difficultyinshopping,hostilityagainst(behostcuntn.attackingpnvxra(ivealtitudes,andlinksf11mIheirpeers.Ifvisilonscxxdingettings
22、omeknowledgeofthelanguageandbegintogetamundbythemselves,theyarcbeginningtoopen(hewayintothenewculturalenvironment,auichangedtheirattitudetowardsthehostcontt),.In(hefbu11hStage,youradjuslnenisaboutascompleteasi(canbe.ThevisitornowacceptsthecustomsoftheCOUmryasjuslanotherwayofliving.MaybeIheyarepleasuretointroducethefoodandcuhurcofthehostCOUntrytOothers.
