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1、English Course for Biotechnology,共 勉,知识永远是死物，如果说你具备多少知识就代表你拥有多少能力，那么这世界将失去变数，而没有变数的世界就如精确的逻辑，就没有了思想，没有了灵魂，也就没有了激情。如果你不将你学到的知识系统融会贯通变成你的一种习惯与本能，那么你永远只有感触而没有收获。,课程基本要求,了解专业英语的文体特征 了解专业英语文献的阅读方法 能够较好地用英语描述科技知识和理解本专业 用英语描述的科技知识(翻译）通过专业英语学习巩固专业知识 学习英语科技文章写作的基本知识 学习和掌握英文摘要和个人简历的写作方法,翻译（translation）,Transl
2、ating is rending from one language into another,i.e.the faithful representation in one language of what is written or said in another language.The main principles of translation are faithfulness,expressiveness and elegance(信、达、雅)which were first proposed by Yan Fu.,If she had long lost the blue-eyed
3、,flower-like charm,the cool slim purity of face and form,the apple-blossom coloring,which had so swiftly and so oddly affected Ashurst twenty-six years ago,she was still at forty-three a comely and faithful companion,whose cheeks were faintly mottled,and whose gray-blue eyes had acquired a certain f
4、ullness.(John Galsworthy 高尔斯华绥,1867-1933,英国小说家,剧作家,曾获得1933年诺贝尔文学奖),Continued,26年前，她那有着蔚蓝色眼睛的、鲜花一般的魅力，那脸庞和身材冰清玉洁、婀娜多姿的风韵，还有那苹果花似的颜色，曾经是那么猝不及防地、莫名其妙地使艾舍斯特怦然心动。而今这一切虽然早已失去，43岁的她依然是一个面目娇好、忠实可靠的伴侣，只是两颊已出现淡淡的斑痕，灰蓝色的眼睛也添了几分饱满和成熟。,描述客观事实、现象和过程；科学理论、原理和概念等 传递内容量大、信息丰富 追求行文简洁、结构紧凑 注重逻辑严密、层次分明和重点突出,科技英语文体特征,词汇
5、分类,技术词 antibody,gene,adenine,plasmid次技术词 power,factor,key,mouse 普通词汇,Attention to sub-technical words,Resistance：反抗，抵抗，电阻，阻尼Work：工作，功，工程，工事Coat：外衣，镀层Horse：马，支架，铁杆Eye：眼，孔环Ear：耳，吊钩,词汇特征（一）,希腊语和拉丁语词源 vacuum,motor,chromosome,chlorophyll选用正式程度高的词汇 accomplish/do,optimum/best单个动词代替短语/词组 absorb/take in,elim
6、inate/get rid of,Specialization of the Words in Common Use For example，template(刻印模版，pattern or gauge usu.A thin board or mental plate used as a guide in cutting or drilling metal,wood,etc.新义(遗传）：“遗传密码载体分子”（a molecule in a biological system that carriers the genetic code for another macromolecule,词汇
7、特征（二）,Anneal:to heat and then cool(as steel or glass)usually for softening and making less brittle;also:to cool slowly usually in a furnace to heat and then cool(double-stranded nucleic acid)in order to separate strands and induce combination at lower temperature with complementary strands,Denature:
8、to deprive of natural qualities:change the nature of:to make(alcohol)unfit for drinking(as by adding an obnoxious substance)without impairing usefulness for other purposes to modify the molecular structure of(as a protein or DNA)especially by heat,acid,alkali,or ultraviolet radiation so as to destro
9、y or diminish some of the original properties and especially the specific biological activity,Blast:a violent gust of wind;a forceful hit(as in baseball)or shot(as in soccer or golf)etc.Basic Local Alignment Search Tool-the protein and nucleic acid sequence search engine developed at NCBI that allow
10、s you to search sequence databases.,One Word with Multiple Meanings For example,“transmission”,in radio engineering,it means“传送”or“播送”;in mechanics,it means“传动”or“变速”;in physics,it means“透射”;in medicine,it means“遗传”,etc.,词汇特征（二）,使用科技长句的倾向较多的使用名词化结构常用It 句型结构被动语态的广泛使用,语法特征,使用科技长句的倾向,The method normall
11、y employed for free electronics to be produced in electron tubes is thermionic emission,in which advantage is taken of the fact that,if a solid body is heated sufficiently,some of the electrons that it contains will escape from its surface.固体加热到足够温度时，它所含的电子就会有一部分离开固体表面飞逸到周围的空气中去，这种现象称热离子放射；通常，电子管就利用
12、这种现象产生自由电子。,使用科技长句的倾向,Behaviorists suggest that the child who is raised in an environment where there are many stimuli which develop his or her capacity for appropriate responses will experience greater intellectual development.行为主义者认为,如果儿童的成长环境里有许多刺激因素,这些因素又有利于其适当反应能力的发展,那么,儿童的智力就会发展到较高的水平。,较多的使用名词
13、化结构,Presently,most transgenic animals are designed to assist researchers in the diagnosis and treatment of human diseases.Archimeds first discovered the principle of displacement of water by solid bodies.If you use firebricks round the walls of the boiler,the heat loss can be considerably reduced.Th
14、e rotation of the earth on its own axis causes the change from day to night,较多的使用名词化结构,make use of（利用）,pay attention to（注意）,Obtain support from（得到支持）,Keep watch over（密切注视）,Make a claim to（主张）,have a look at,give no evidence of（不足以说明）,take warning from（从中引以为戒）with a view to(根据),in accordance with(依照)
15、,for lack of(缺少),in proportion to(成比例),on account of(基于原因),by means of(凭借),at the expense of(由负担),常用It 句型结构,It is evident that a well-lubricated bearing turns more easily than a dry one.显然It seems that these two branches of science are mutually dependent and interacting.看来It is likely that many new
16、insights also will emerge from the close study of the large sections of DNA that have not yet been assigned a function.可能,被动语态的广泛使用,被动语态的广泛使用（by 表示行为的方式、手段和原因，而非执行者）Two DNA strands are held together by bonds between the bases;these constitute base pairs.Often the size of a genome is referred to by i
17、ts number of base pairs.,被动语态的广泛使用,Greateffortsshouldbemadetoinformyoungpeopleespeciallythedreadfulconsequencesoftakingupthehabit.应该尽最大努力告诫年轻人吸烟的危害,特别是吸上烟瘾后的可怕后果 Manystrangenewmeansoftransporthavebeendevelopedinourcentury,thestrangestofthembeingperhapsthehovercraft.在我们这个世纪内研制了许多新奇的交通工具,其中最奇特的也许就是气垫船
18、了。,被动语态的广泛使用,In chemistry,symbols are used represent elements.化学用符号代表元素。The full meaning of cloning will be felt only when we get the taste of abuse.只有当我们尝到克隆被滥用的恶果之后，我们才会彻底明白其价值所在 Gases are frequently regarded as compressible,liquid as incompressible.人们通常认为气体是可以压缩的，而其体则不可以压缩。,被动语态的广泛使用,Official fro
19、m the national aeronautics and space administration said 300 researchers in industry;government and education would be permitted to use the system.获准The world health organization estimates that 1.7 billion people are infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis.感染上了The basic theory of the traditional Ch
20、inese medicine is adopted from the theory of yin and yang theory of the five elements.取自,用分词短语代替状语从句The greatly increased sensitivity and speed of the PCR technique,as compared with traditional methods,allows earlier intervention and treatment.用动词不定式短语作定语或表示目的或结果的状语A recent result to come from work
21、associated with the HGP is the discovery of the molecular mechanism that underlies the phenomenon that scientists call genetic anticipation.用形容词短语或介词短语代替关系从句It is becoming increasingly clear that molecular techniques are powerful ways to study many questions in biology,from questions about developme
22、nt to those about evolution.,常使用非限定动词或其短语和介词短语,通常使用现在时态,A gene is specific sequence of nucleotide bases,whose sequences carry the information required for constructing proteins.,To all the students:Sometimes,struggles and hard-working are exactly what we need in our study and life.If life allows us
23、to go through our study and life without any obstacles,it would cripple us.We would not be as strong as we could have been.And we could never fly like a butterfly.Have a great day,a great life,struggle a little if you need to.Then fly.If you do like this,I am sure all of you will succeed in your work and life.,“From God,we can not obtain what we implore.But we obtain all we must have.”Live with no fear,facing all the obstacles and difficulties.Build up our confidence to overcome them.,欢迎大家提问、质疑交流、探讨,
