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1、第一章 句式优化,不同的思想内容当然应该用不同的句式来表达而同一思想内容也可以用不同句式来表达句式不同，表达的效果就不同一篇文章中如果反复使用同一句式，就会显得单调乏味，毫无生气，写作时一定要注意句式的变换，避免单一重复,1.长句和短句变换,长句使文章富有气势，却容易产生语法错误或造成理解障碍；短句不容易出错，但是短句的堆砌容易让人感觉语言技巧不成熟，不老练在实际写作中，一味地采用长句或短句都是不可取的，要注意长短句的交错使用通常简单而又实用的长短句交错方法是：以简单句为基础，配以适当的并列句和复合句简单句可长可短，一般要加些附属成分，如分词短语，不定式短语，介词短语，副词短语等,第一章 句式
2、优化,1.短句变长句,原文Lies do harm to those who are being told lies.Lies also do harm to those who tell them.,优化Lies not only do harm to those who are being told lies,but also do harm to those who tell them.,受汉语思维习惯影响，很多考生往往会直接将脑子里的意思议程英语，而忽略句与句之间的联系，导致写出来的句子无法体现英语作为“形合语言”的特点因此，在平时写作时，考生要注意前后句之间的联系，用恰当的连接词将简
3、单句连接起来，组成准确地道的复杂长句增加文章的气势,一长句和短句变换,1.短句变长句,原文Teenagers are pressured by school work.They are also encouraged by their peers.Under such circumstances,they resort to smoking.But sometimes they feel a little guilty.,优化Pressured by school work.and encouraged by their peers,teenagers often resort to smok
4、ing,though they feel a little guilty sometimes.,原文Usually,a fact is defined as a truth.The truth can be tested by observation or experimentation.,优化Usually,a fact is defined as a truth,something that can be tested by observation or experimentation.,1.短句变长句,4原文When I turned right on the corner,a moto
5、rbike knocked into a small car.The motorbike was red.There were two persons on the motorbikes.The car was yellow.The motorbike fell down.The two persons on the motorbike were slightly injured.The driver came out of the car at once,and asked about the two persons injuries.As soon as I saw that,I made
6、 a telephone call to 110.the traffic police arrived in a short time.,4优化When I turned right on the corner,a red motorbike with two persons knocked into a small yellow car.Immediately,the motorbike fell down,and the two persons on the motorbike were slightly injured.At that time,the driver came out o
7、f the car,and asked about the two persons injuries.Seeing this,I dialed 110.in a short time,the traffic police arrived.,第一章 句式优化,一长句和短句变换,2.长句变短句,原文His father,who is a salesman,became a millionaire overnight.,优化His father,a salesman,became a millionaire overnight.,长句固然能表达出复杂而缜密的思想，但如果片面最求复杂句式，反而会显得华
8、而不实，累赘写作中句子的长短应根据表达的需要而定，有话则长，无话则短短句不仅指句子长度较短，也指句子内部结构精练，简洁是写作的一个重要原则，用词累赘则是写作的忌,2.长句变短句,原文He didnt have enough experience,which is the reason why he didnt do the work well.,优化He didnt do the work well for lack of experience.,原文Perhaps they basically distrusted our capacity to judge correctly.,优化The
9、y distrusted our judgment.,1.短句变长句,4原文A basic reason for divorce is that some people are not really ready for marriage,perhaps because they are still establishing themselves in their careers and havent had enough time to get to know themselves and many members of the opposite sex,but family pressure
10、s make them feel that something is wrong with them since they are not married,and so they marry in haste without knowing each other well.,4优化A basic reason for divorce is that some people are not really ready for marriage.As they are still establishing themselves in their careers,they havent had eno
11、ugh time to get to know themselves and many members of the opposite sex.However,family pressures make them feel that something is wrong with them since they are not married.So they marry in haste without knowing each other well.,第一章 句式优化,与汉语相比，英语更注重动作本身，而不是动作的执行者，因此在英语中被动语态的使用相对多一些，但这并不表明要以为地追求被动语态的
12、使用事实上，什么时候用主动，什么时候用被动，主要是由陈述对象而定英语写作特别强调陈述对象的一致性，因此在选择主动和被动时一定要慎重,1.主动变被动,原文We should pay more attention to the elderly who had devoted their youth and energy to our country.,优化More attention should be paid to the elderly who had devoted their youth and energy to our country.,二主动句和被动句变换,2.长句变短句,原文Wh
13、en the prime minister arrived at the airport,hundreds of reporters surrounded him immediately.,优化When the prime minister arrived at the airport,he was immediately surrounded by hundreds of reporters.,原文The employees elected Mr.li chairman of the committee last week.,优化Mr.li was elected chairman of t
14、he committee by the employees last week.,第一章 句式优化,原文Not how much you read but what you read really matters.,优化It is not how much you read but what you read that really matters.,三强调句和倒装句变换,2原文By making good use of internet we can make a difference in our life.,2优化Only by making good use of internet c
15、an we make a difference in our life.,适当运用强调句和倒装句可以起到突出，强调的作用，达到较强的修饰效果，给读者留下深刻印象,1.短句变长句,3原文We have grown so old because the birthrate fell earlier in western and northern Europe than elsewhere,rather than because of any change in the death rate.,3优化It is because the birthrate fell earlier in wester
16、n and northern Europe than elsewhere,rather than because of any change in the death rate,that we have grown so old.,第一章 句式优化,原文When I look into the future,I will try my best to serve my fellow students if I am lucky to be president of the student union.,优化Looking into the future,I will try my best t
17、o serve my fellow students if I am lucky to be president of the student union.,四非谓语句和从句变换,非谓语动词包括不定式动名词现在分词和过去分词使用非谓语动词可以在有限的空间内表达更多的信息，使句子结构紧凑，逻辑严密,1.短句变长句,2原文The law can punish those who produce or sell fake commodities.,2优化The law can punish those producing or selling fake commodities.,3原文Because
18、 one of my parents is laid off,my family wont possibly afford all my expenses at college.,3优化With one of my parents being laid off,my family wont possibly afford all my expenses at college.,第一章 句式优化,原文Some students dont like having roommates.Because every person has his or her own way,they think sev
19、eral people living together causes some unpleasantness.We have the chance to adjust the subtle relationship.,优化Some students dont like having roommates.they think several people living together causes some unpleasantness because every person has his or her own way.We have the chance to adjust the su
20、btle relationship.,五松散句和掉尾变换,松散句主要用来陈述观点和罗列事实，因此文中绝大多数句子都是松散句，正是由于这个缘故，偶尔使用掉尾句会起到突出的效果，但如果频繁的使用掉尾句，则会使文章的意思表达不够直接名了，给读者做作的感觉,1.短句变长句,2原文A new pattern of urban living has emerged in most big cities,as many of urban dwellers have moved to the suburban rings in search of cleaner air,greater privacy and
21、 a higher quality of life.,2优化As many of urban dwellers have moved to the suburban rings in search of cleaner air,greater privacy and a higher quality of life,a new pattern of urban living has emerged in most big cities.,第一章 句式优化,）just as,so(正如，也一样)e.g.just as food is necessary to life,so are books
22、to our spirit.,六比较句变换,表示相似性,2）share/have in common(在方面有共同点)e.g.china and the u.s.have some interests in common in foreign trade area.,3）bear similarities/resemblances to(和具有相似之处)e.g.lots of ancient constructions bear striking resemblance to that in other parts of the world,which discloses the simila
23、rity in human civilization.,第一章 句式优化,六比较句变换,5）vice versa/the verse is true(反之亦然)e.g.if you are friendly to others,they will hold hospitable attitude towards you and vice versa.,6）no less()than/no more()than(不比多强)e.g.the father is an ambitious man,the sons ambition is no less than the father.,4）the s
24、ame is true of/with(也是如此)e.g.people who are financially dependent will be bullied by the rich ones.And the same is true with countries.,7）as as(和一样)e.g.some of the doctors are paid almost twice as much as the nurses.,第一章 句式优化,）the opposite of(与恰恰相反)e.g.he hopes that his wife can give birth to a male
25、 inheritor to such a large fortune;whereas his wifes wish is just the opposite of his.,六比较句变换,2表示差异性,2）it is just the other way round,(，相反，)e.g.he is not your friend.It is just the other way round.He is your rival.,第一章 句式优化,六比较句变换,4）less()than(比少差）more()than(比多强)e.g.more and more people are buying n
26、ew cars than ever before.,3）different/differ from in that(和的不同之处在于)e.g.his character is different from his brother in that he is introvert.,2表示差异性,第一章 句式优化,）表转折but,however,nevertheless,instead,on the other hand,七松散到紧凑变换,如果遗篇文章只具有意义上的连贯，而形式上比较松散，就很难突出主题，较好的表达作者的意图为了能使文章主题明确，线索明了，而句式富有变化，句与句之间，段与段之间需要
27、一定的连接手段，写作中常用的连接手段有：,2）表让步although,though,despite,even so,even if/though,regardless of,in spite of,使用过度性词语,第一章 句式优化,六比较句变换,4）表举例或列举For example,for instance,as an illustration,such as,3）表层进first,to begin with,furthermore,besides,moreover,in addition,whats more,also and then,and equally important,last
28、 but not the least,）表总结in summary,in a word,in brief,in conclusion,to conclude,in short,on the whole,第一章 句式优化,六比较句变换,）表比较和对比While,whereas,likewise,similarly,equally,in comparison with,compared with,on the contrary,in the contrast,by contrast,）表强调Indeed,of course,in particular,above all,most importan
29、t,in fact,第一章 句式优化,六比较句变换,例：Walters goal in life was to become a successful surgeon.First,though,he had to get through high school,so he concentrated all his efforts on his studies in particular,biology,chemistry,and math.Because he worked constantly on these subjects.Walter become proficient in the
30、m;however,Walter forget that he needed to master other subjects besides those he had chosen.As a result,during his junior year of high school,Walter failed both English and Latin.Consequently,he had to repeat these subjects and he was almost unable to graduate on schedule.Finally,on June 6,Walter ac
31、hieved the first step toward realizing his goal.,第一章 句式优化,七松散到紧凑变换,与段落中句与句之间的连贯一样，一篇文章中各段落之间也需要以一定的方式来明确各段间的逻辑关系,从而使整篇文章形成一个统一连贯的整体.段与段之间除了借助一些篇章层次上的连接词语外,如:however,similarly,therefore,on the other hand,on the contrary,in contrast,in conclusion,in short等，还经常需要使用一些表示过度的句子来确保其连惯性,2使用过度性句子,例：every stud
32、ent will be faced with the same question when he passes the college entrance examination:should he choose a good major or a good university?Angers differ as for different groups of people.Some students give priority to a good major.What they cherish is a specialty they like most.In their mind,第一章 句式
33、优化,七松散到紧凑变换,英语中比较习惯用代词来代替上下文提到的人和事物，从而增强上下文的连贯性，并避免重复，使语言更加简洁明了,例：Installing monitor cameras is good for residents and neighborhood.First of all,as what the advocates claim,it is an effective approach to improve the security situation.Consequently the guards can easily know what is going on in the districts from the screens of the monitor cameras.,利用代词指代上下文提到的事物,
