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1、专升本英语辅导讲座,第四讲 形容词,Key points,4.1 形容词在名词短语中的位置4.2 形容词的比较级和最高级的构成形式4.3 形容词的比较级和最高级的用法4.4 interesting or interested?,4.1 形容词在名词短语中的位置,前置修饰名词单个形容词作定语修饰名词：限定词+形容词+名词*作不定代词的定语时要后置多个形容词修饰名词：,4.1 形容词在名词短语中的位置,后置修饰名词：形容词短语修饰名词时后置“形容词+补足语”构成的形容词短语形容词+介词短语a jacket similar to yours形容词+不定式短语 boys brave enough to
2、 fight for their country形容词+动名词短语a waiter busy serving the guests多个形容词并列构成的形容词短语(逗号分隔)All countries,large or small,should be equal.She bought a dress,simple and beautiful.,4.2形容词的比较级和最高级 的构成形式,单音节词一般直接在词尾加-er,-est以e结尾的词，直接在词尾加-r,-st以y结尾的词，变y为i，加-er,-est重读闭音节，双写词尾的辅音字母，加-er,-est双音节词以y结尾的词，变y为i，加-er,-
3、est(区分slowly与early)其它绝大多数双音节词，前加more,most少数双音节词，以上两种方法皆可Common,cruel,friendly,funny,handsome,mature,noisy,pleasant,polite,quiet,stupid,tired;hollow,narrow,shallow,clever,tender,feeble,gentle,noble,多音节词，前加more,most特殊变化,有两种不同形式的特殊的比较级与最高级的用法,farther,farthest/further,furthest 四个词都可以指实际距离，further,furthe
4、st可用于抽象意义，表示“进一步的，更多的”与抽象名词连用 older,oldest/elder,eldest elder,eldest表示家庭成员的长幼关系，不指年龄大小；在有than的句子里要用older later,latter,latest,lastlater表示时间上较迟的latter表示顺序上的后者，与former相对latest指新近的事物last上一个；最后一个,不具有等级的形容词,absolute,alone,dead,empty,equal,eternal,final,horizontal,perfect,primary,pregnant,round,single,squa
5、re,straight,supreme,unique,unanimous可用nearly,almost,the most closely和more nearly修饰,4.3形容词的比较级和最高级的用法,形容词比较级的用法than 的比较级句型比较级与themore and more句型可以修饰比较级的词否定意义的词+比较级,than 的比较级句型,A+比较级+than+B(AB是两个同类的彼此独立的人或事物)A+比较级+情形1+than+情形2（某一事物自身相比）He did much better in the finals this term than last term.若被比较的对象不
6、是彼此独立的人或事物，而是具有“一事物包含另一事物”，要用other或else She works harder than any other student in her class.,比较级与the,比较级前一般不需加定冠词the,但在有介词短语of the two出现在比较级句中时，前面必须加theI think this painting is the more interesting of the two.比较I think this painting is more interesting than that one.,More and more,不可用在单音节词前不能重复使用形容
7、词或副词The city is becoming more and more beautiful.That cat is getting fatter and fatter.,可以修饰比较级的词,a bit,a little bit,a little,a lot,a great deal,any,even,far,by far(还可用在最高级前),much,very much,no,rather,still,slightlyAre you feeling any better?Things are no better than before.He makes far fewer mistake
8、s in spelling than before.,否定意义的词+比较级,表示最高级 nothing,few,never,notHow have you been?It couldnt be worse.Few are better qualified for the job than he is.I have never heard a better song.,形容词最高级的用法,the+最高级+in+地方 the+序数词+最高级+in+地方 the+形容词/副词的最高级+of+所属范围Some zoologists regard crows the most intelligent o
9、f birds.most用在形容词前表示“非常，很”，相当于very,very much时，前面不加theThis is a most difficult problem.,Interesting or interested?,-ing形容词主要是用来描述引起人某种感觉的事物，主语常为物或用来修饰物（为人时指这个人能够引起某种情绪）-ed形容词主要是用来描述人的感觉，表示“人对事物产生某种感觉”，主语常为人或用来修饰人（也可修饰物，看逻辑关系）The book is interesting.He is interested in the book.He is interesting to listen to.Tom had a frightening look on his face.Tom had a frightened look on his face.The boy said to his mother in an injured voice that she shouldt have blamed him.,
