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1、英文文献翻译题目：AcomprehensiveoverviewofsubstationsAcomprehensiveoverviewofsubstationsAlongwiththeeconomicdevelopmentandthemodemindustrydevelopmentsofquickrising,thedesignofthepowersupplysystembecomemoreandmorecompletelyandsystem.Becausethequicklyincreaseelectricityoffactories,italsoincreasesseriouslytothe
2、dependableindexoftheeconomiccondition,powersupplyinquantity.Thereforetheyneedthehigherandmoreperfectrequesttothepowersupply.WhetherDesignreasonable,notonlyaffectdirectlythebaseinvestmentandcirculatetheexpenseswithhavethemetaldepletionincolourmetal,butalsowillreflectthedependableinpowersupplyandthesa
3、feinmanyfacts.Inaword,itisclosewiththeeconomicperformanceandthesafetyofthepeople.Thesubstationisanimportancepartoftheelectricpowersystem,itisconsistedoftheelectricappliancesequipmentsandtheTransmissionandtheDistribution.Itobtainstheelectricpowerfromtheelectricpowersystem,throughitsfunctionoftransfor
4、mationandassign,transportandsafety.Thentransportthepowertoeveryplacewithsafe,dependable,andeconomical.Asanimportantpartofpower,stransportandcontrol,thetransformersubstationmustchangethemodeofthetraditionaldesignandcontrol,thencanadapttothemodernelectricpowersystem,thedevelopmentofmodemindustryandthe
5、oftrendofthesocietylife.Electricpowerindustryisoneofthefoundationsofnationalindustryandnationaleconomicdevelopmenttoindustry,itisacoal,oil,naturalgas,hydropower,nuclearpower,windpowerandotherenergyconversionintoelectricalenergyofthesecondaryenergyindustry,itfortheotherdepartmentsofthenationaleconomy
6、fastandstabledevelopmentoftheprovisionofadequatepower,anditslevelofdevelopmentisareflectionofthecountryseconomicdevelopmentanimportantindicatorofthelevel.Asthepowerintheindustryandtheimportanceofthenationaleconomy,electricitytransmissionanddistributionofelectricenergyusedintheseareasisanindispensabl
7、ecomponent,oTherefore,powertransmissionanddistributioniscritical.Substationistoenablesuperiorpowerplantpowerplantsorpowerafteradjustmentstothelowerloadofbooksisanimportantpartofpowertransmission.Operationofitsfunctions,thecapacityofadirectimpactonthesizeofthelowerloadpower,therebyaffectingtheindustr
8、ialproductionandpowerconsumption.Substationsystemifalinkfailure,thesystemwillprotectthepartofaction.Mayresultinpoweroutagesandsoon,totheproductionandlivingagreatdisadvantage.Therefore,thesubstationintheelectricpowersystemfortheprotectionofelectricityreliability,sensitivityandotherindicators.Powerpla
9、ntsandsubstationsareconnecteduserlinkinthemiddle,transformationanddistributionofelectricenergytoplaytherole.Accordingtothedifferenttaskssubstationcanbedividedintostep-uptransformerstep-downtransformersubstationandtwobroadcategories.Step-upsubstationbuiltonthegeneralpowerplant,thegeneralstep-downtran
10、sformerneartheloadcenterbuiltonthelow.Voltagecanalsobedividedaccordingtomediumvoltagesubstation(60kVandbelow),high-voltagesubstations(110-220kV),EHVSubstation(330765kV)andUltraHighVoltageSubstation(1000kVandabove).Inelectricpowersystemaccordingtotheirstatusasahubsubstationcanbedividedintothemiddlesu
11、bstationsubstationsandterminals.Thisrequiresasubstationpartofeconomicrationality,thesecondpartofsafeandreliable,theonlywaytothenormaloperationofsubstationworkservicesforthenationaleconomy.Therearestep-uptransformerstep-downtransformersubstationandtwobroadcategories.Substationshavebeenequippedwithvar
12、iousprotectiondevices,thesedevicesarebasedonlowershort-circuitloadtoamaximumloadconditions,suchasconfigurationsettingsand,therefore,intheeventofthefailurewassimilartothespecificcircumstancesundertojudgebythesystemshouldautomaticallytripprotection,andnowtheprotectionofthewholetriphasbeenaveryshorttim
13、e,theliftingofthefault,thesystemwillautomaticallyreclosingdevicesandthegatewaytorestorepowerquickly.Thisistoprotectthelowertheloadisveryfavorable.Thiswillnotonlyprotectthesafetyoftheloadequipmentisinfavorofextendingtheservicelifeandreduceequipmentinvestment,andimprovedreliabilityofelectricitysupply,
14、whichistoimprovetheefficiencyofindustrialandagriculturalproductionisveryeffective.Substationshavebeenequippedwithvariousprotectiondevices,thesedevicesarebasedonlowershort-circuitloadtoamaximumloadconditions,suchasconfigurationsettingsand,therefore,intheeventofthefailurewassimilartothespecificcircums
15、tancesundertojudgebythesystemshouldautomaticallytripprotection,andnowtheprotectionofthewholetriphasbeenaveryshorttime,theliftingofthefault,thesystemwillautomaticallyreclosingdevicesandthegatewaytorestorepowerquickly.Thisistoprotectthelowertheloadisveryfavorable.Thiswillnotonlyprotectthesafetyofthelo
16、adequipmentisinfavorofextendingtheservicelifeandreduceequipmentinvestment,andimprovedreliabilityofelectricitysupply,whichistoimprovetheefficiencyofindustrialandagriculturalproductionisveryeffective.Increaseintheefficiencyofindustrialproductsmeanslowerproductcosts,increasemarketcompetitiveness,whichw
17、illenableenterprisestoincreaseforthenationaleconomyandmakeagreatercontributiontodevelopment.Electricitysupplyreliabilityandotherfields,canimprovepeoplesqualityoflife,improvetheirlivingconditions.Analysechangetogiveorgetanelectricshockamissionforcarryingandcustomerscarriesetc.circumstance,choosethead
18、dress,makegooduseofcustomerdataproceedthencarrycalculation,ascertainthecorrectequipmentofthecustomer.Atthesametimefollowingthechoiceofeverykindoftransformer,thenmakesurethelinemethodofthetransformersubstation,thencalculatetheshort-circuitelectriccurrent,choosingtosendtogetherwiththeelectricwiremetho
19、dandthestyleofthewire,thenproceedingthecalculationofshort-circuitelectriccurrent.Thisfirststepofdesignincluded:(l)ascertainthetotalproject(2)loadanalysis(3)thecalculationoftheshort-circuitelectriccurrent(4)thedesignofanelectricshockthesystemdesigntoconnectwithsystemandthechoiceoflineproject(5)thecho
20、iceandthesettleoftheprotectivefacility(6)thecontentstodefendthethunderandprotectionofconnecttheearth.Alongwiththehighandquickdevelopmentofelectricpowertechnique,electricpowersystemthencanchangefromthegenerateoftheelectricitytothesupplythepower.Designthetaskthistimeisaimatintensityofmasteringofeverys
21、ubjectknowledgeofthisspecialityreflecting,andoftestthisspeciality,sstudyresult,first,analyzethetendofloaddepartmentaccordingtoallparameterofloadaboutsystemandcircuitontaskbook.Itexpoundsthenecessitytothissituationfromtherspectofincreasingload.Thenthroughtothegeneralizationofplanningtobuildthetransfo
22、rmersubstationandtheanalysisoftheloadmaterials,safe,economyanddependabilityareconsidered,hasconfirmedthemainlywiringformofIOkV.CalculatedandsuppliedpowerintherangeandconfirmedTVstationsnumberofthemainvoltagetransformerthroughloadfinally,capacityandtype,capacityandtypeofusingthevoltagetransformerstan
23、dsurelyatthesametime,finally,theresultofcalculationofcalculatingthatandshortoutaccordingtotheelectriccurrentoflargestlastingjob,makethecircuittoprotect,thevoltagetransformerisprotected,thebusbarisprotected,preventthethunderfromprotecting.Thisgraduationprojecttakethe1OkVtransformersubstationasthemain
24、designobject,thisIOkVtransformersubstationisthelocalimportanttransformersubstation,istheelectricalpowersystemIOkVvoltagerankimportantpart.Thistransformersubstationisequippedwith2maintransformers,inthestationthehostwiringdividesintoIOkV,and0.4kVtwovoltagesranks.Thisdesignfirstchapterisanintroduction,
25、mainlyelaboratedthetransformersubstationinelectricalpowersystemstatus.Designsthetransformersubstationtheprincipleandthegoalaswellasthetransformersubstationbasicsituation.Secondchapterisshouldersthecomputationandthetransformerchoice,carriesontheloadcomputationaccordingtotheknowntransformersubstationl
26、oadmaterialtothetransformersubstation.Throughtheloadwhichobtainshaddeterminedthehostchangesthecapacityandanumber,thehostchangethepattern,thewindingwiringway,theaccentpressthewayandthehostchangestheimpedance.Thirdchapteristhetransformersubstationelectricityhostwiringdesign,separatelythroughtoIOkVside
27、electricityhostwiringdrawingup,choosesthestablestreliablewiringway.Fourthchapteristheshortclasscomputation,firstdeterminedshort-circuitsthespot,calculatesvariouspartsreactance,thentorespectivelyshort-circuitsseparatelytocarryonthecomputation,obtainsrespectivelyshort-circuitstheshort-circuitcurrent.F
28、ifthchapteristheelectricalequipmentchoice,theelectricalequipmentincludingthegeneratrix,thecircuitbreaker,theisolator,theelectriccurrentandthevoltagetransformer,thefuse.Sixthchapteristhepowerdistributionequipment,mainlycarriesonthedesigntothetransformersubstationpowerdistributionequipment.Seventhchap
29、terisanti-radarwiththeearth,thischapterhascarriedonthechoicetothearrester,aswellashasdeterminedtheearthway.Throughtothe1OkVtransformersubstationdesign,causesmehastotheelectricalengineeringanditstheautomatedspecializedbranchcurriculumtobecomprehensive,systemgrasping,strengthenedapplytheorytorealityth
30、eability,raisedtheprojectconsciousness,exercisedmeindependentlytoanalyzeandthesolutionelectricpowerprojectdesignquestionability.keywordssubstation,load,transmissionsystem,distributionhighvoltagenetwork,correctionequipment.变电站的综合概述随着经济的发展和现代工业建设的迅速崛起，供电系统的设计越来越全面、系统，工厂用电量迅速增长，对电能质量、技术经济状况、供电的可靠性指标也日益
31、提高，因此对供电设计也有了更高、更完善的要求。设计是否合理，不仅直接影响基建投资、运行费用和有色金属的消耗量，也会反映在供电的可靠性和安全生产方面，它和企业的经济效益、设备人身安全密切相关。电力工业是国民经济的一项基础工业和国民经济发展的先行工业，它是一种将煤、石油、天然气、水能、核能、风能等一次能源转换成电能这个二次能源的工业，它为国民经济的其他各部门快速、稳定发展提供足够的动力，其发展水平是反映国家经济发展水平的重要标志。由于电能在工业及国民经济的重要性，电能的输送和分配是电能应用于这些领域不可缺少的组成部分。所以输送和分配电能是十分重要的一环。变电所是使电厂或上级电站经过调整后的电能书送
32、给下级负荷，是电能输送的重要部分。其功能运行情况、容量大小直接影响下级负荷的供电，进而影响工业生产及生活用电。若变电所系统中某一环节发生故障，系统保护环节将动作。可能造成停电等事故，给生产生活带来很大不利。因此,变电所在整个电力系统中对于保护供电的可靠性、灵敏性等指标十分重要。变电所是联系发电厂和用户的中间环节，起着变换和分配电能的作用。根据变电所任务的不同，可将变电所分为升压变电所和降压变电所两大类。升压变电所一般建在发电厂，降压变电所一般建立在靠近负荷中心的低点。根据电压等级还可分为中压变电所（60千伏及以下）、高压变电所（110220千伏）、超高压变电所（330765千伏）和特高压变电所
33、（IoOO千伏及以上）。按其在电力系统中的地位可分为枢纽变电所、中间变电所和终端变电所。这就要求变电所的一次部分经济合理，二次部分安全可靠，只有这样变电所才能正常的运行工作，为国民经济服务。变电所有升压变电所和降压变电所两大类。升压变电所通常是发电厂升压站部分，紧靠发电厂。降压变电所通常远离发电厂而靠近负荷中心。下面的所设计得就是IOKV降压变电所。变电所的主要设备有电力变压器，母线和开关设备等。变电所内都装设有各种保护装置，这些保护装置是根据下级负荷地短路、最大负荷等情况来整定配置的，因此，在发生类似故障是可根据具体情况由系统自动做出判断应跳闸保护，并且，现在的跳闸保护整定时间已经很短，在故
34、障解除后，系统内的自动重合闸装置会迅速和闸恢复供电。这对于保护下级各负荷是十分有利的。这样不仅保护了各负荷设备的安全利于延长是使用寿命，降低设备投资，而且提高了供电的可靠性，这对于提高工农业生产效率是十分有效的。工业产品的效率提高也就意味着产品成本的降低，市场竞争力增大，进而可以使企业效益提高，为国民经济的发展做出更大的贡献。生活用电等领域的供电可靠性，可以提高人民生活质量，改善生活条件等。变电所是电力系统的一个重要组成部分，由电器设备及配电网络按一定的接线方式所构成，他从电力系统取得电能，通过其变换、分配、输送与保护等功能，然后将电能安全、可靠、经济的输送到每一个用电设备的转设场所。作为电能
35、传输与控制的枢纽，变电站必须改变传统的设计和控制模式，才能适应现代电力系统、现代化工业生产和社会生活的发展趋势。随着计算机技术、现代通讯和网络技术的发展，为目前变电站的监视、控制、保护和计量装置及系统分隔的状态提供了优化组合和系统集成的技术基础。该地区变电所所涉及方面多，考虑问题多，分析变电所担负的任务及用户负荷等情况，选择所址，利用用户数据进行负荷计算，确定用户无功功率补偿装置。同时进行各种变压器的选择，从而确定变电站的接线方式，再进行短路电流计算，选择送配电网络及导线，进行短路电流计算。选择变电站高低压电气设备，为变电站平面及剖面图提供依据。本变电所的初步设计包括了：（1）总体方案的确定（
36、2）负荷分析（3）短路电流的计算（4）高低压配电系统设计与系统接线方案选择（5）继电保护的选择与整定（6）防雷与接地保护等内容。随着电力技术高新化、复杂化的迅速发展，电力系统在从发电到供电的所有领域中，通过新技术的使用，都在不断的发生变化。变电所作为电力系统中一个关键的环节也同样在新技术领域得到了充分的发展。本次设计任务旨在体现对本专业各科知识的掌握程度，同时检验本专业的学习结果。首先根据任务书上所给系统与线路及所有负荷的参数，分析负荷发展趋势。从负荷增长方面阐明了建站的必要性，然后通过对拟建变电站的概括以及出线方向来考虑，并通过对负荷资料的分析，安全，经济及可靠性方面考虑，确定了IOkV以及
37、站用电的主接线，然后又通过负荷计算及供电范围确定了主变压器台数，容量及型号，同时也确定了站用变压器的容量及型号，最后，根据最大持续工作电流及短路计算的计算结果，做出线路保护，变压器保护，母线保护，防雷保护。本次毕业设计以IokV变电站为主要设计对象，该IokV变电站是地区重要变电站，是电力系统IOkV电压等级的重要部分。该变电站设有2台主变压器，站内主接线分为IOkV、0.4kV三个电压等级。本设计的第一章为绪论，主要阐述了变电站在电力系统中的地位。设计变电站的原则和目的以及变电站的基本情况。第二章是负荷计算及变压器的选择，根据已知变电站的负荷资料对变电站进行负荷计算。通过得出的负荷确定了主变
38、的容量和台数、主变的型式及主变阻抗。,三章是变电站电气主接线的设计，分别通过对IIokV、35kV、IOkV侧电气主接线的拟定，选择出最稳定可靠的接线方式。第四章是短流计算，首先确定短路点，计算各元件的电抗，然后对各短路点分别进行计算，得出各短路点的短路电流。第五章是电气设备的选择，电气设备包括母线、断路器、隔离开关、电流和电压互感器、熔断器。第六章是配电装置，主要对变电站的配电装置进行设计。通过对IlOkV变电站设计，使我对电气工程及其自动化专业的主干课程有一个较为全面，系统的掌握，增强了理论联系实际的能力，提高了工程意识，锻炼了我独立分析和解决电力工程设计问题的能力。关键词变电站、负荷、输电系统、配电系统、高压网络、补偿装置
