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1、托福作文写作范文详解ReadingInanefforttoencourageecologicallysustainableforestrypractices,aninternationalorganizationstartedissuingcertificationstowoodcompaniesthatmeethighecologicalstandardsbyconservingresourcesandrecyclingmaterials.Companiesthatreceivethiscertificationcanattractcustomersbyadvertisingtheirpro
2、ductsaseco-certified.Aroundtheworld,manywoodcompanieshaveadoptednewzecologicallyfriendlypracticesinordertoreceiveeco-certificatio.However,itisunlikelythatwoodcompaniesintheUnitedStateswilldothesamezforseveralreasons.FirstzAmericanconsumersareexposedtosomuchadvertisingthattheywouldnotvalueorevenpayat
3、tentiontotheeco-Certificationlabel.Becausesomanymediocreproductsarelabeledneworimproved,Americanconsumersdonotplacemuchtrustinadvertisingclaimsingeneral.Second,eco-certifiedwoodwillbemoreexpensivethanuncertifiedwoodbecauseinordertoearneco-certificationzawoodcompanymustpaytohaveitsbusinessexaminedbya
4、certificationagency.ThisadditionalcostgetspassedontoConsumers-Americanconsumerstendtobestronglymotivatedbypricezandthereforetheyarelikelytochoosecheaperuncertifiedwoodproducts.Accordingly,Americanwoodcompanieswillprefertokeeptheirpriceslowratherthanobtaineco-certification.Thirdzalthoughsomepeoplecla
5、imthatitalwaysmakesgoodbusinesssenseforAmericancompaniestokeepupwiththedevelopmentsintherestoftheworld,thisargumentisnotconvincing.PursuingcertificationwouldmakesenseforAmericanwoodcompaniesonlyiftheymarketedmostoftheirproductsabroad.Butthatisnotthecase-Americanwoodbusinessessellmostoftheirproductsi
6、ntheUnitedStates,cateringtoaverylargecustomerbasethatissatisfiedwiththemerchandise.ListeningWellzdespitewhatmanypeoplesayzthereisagoodreasontothinkthatmanyAmericanwoodcompanieswilleventuallyseekeco-certificationforthewoodproducts.Firstoff,companiesintheUnitedStatesdonttreatalladvertisingthesame.They
7、distinguishbetweenadvertisingclaimsthatcompaniesmakeabouttheirownproductsandclaimsmadebyindependentcertificationagencies.Americanshavealotofconfidenceinindependentagencies.ThusecologicalmindedAmericansarelikelytoreactveryfavorablytowoodproductsecologicallycertifiedbyindependentorganizationwithaninte
8、rnationalreputationfortrustworthiness.SecondpointzofcourseitistruethatAmericanconsumerscarealotaboutpricezwhodoesnt?Butstudiesofhowconsumersmakedecisionsshowthatpricealonedeterminesconsumersdecisionsonlywhenthepriceofonecompetingproductsismuchhigherorlowerthantheother.Whenthedifferencebetweentwoprod
9、uctsissmall,sayzlessthan5percent,asisthecasewithcertifiedwood,Americanoftendochooseonfactoriesotherthanprice.AndAmericansarebecomingincreasinglyconvincedofthevalueofpreservingandprotectingtheenvironmentAndthird,USWoodcompaniesshoulddefinitelypayattentionwhatisgoingoninthewoodbusinessinternationally.
10、Notbecauseofforeignconsumersbutbecauseofforeigncompetitors.AsIjusttoldyouzthereisagoodchancethatmanyAmericanconsumerswillbeinterestedineco-certifiedproducts,andguesswhy?IfAmericancompaniesareslowcapturingthoseconsumers,youcanbesurethatforeigncompanieswillsoonstartcrowdingintotheAmericanmarkets,offer
11、ingeco-certifiedwoodthatdomesticcompaniesdont.阅读听力要点概括ReadingPassageMainpoints:UScompaniesmaynotadopttheeco-certification.Subpoint1:USconsumerswouldnotvalueorpayattentiontothelabel.Subpoint2:CertifiedwoodwillbemoreexpensiveandUSconsumersarestronglymotivatedbyprice.Subpoint3:Americanwoodcompaniessell
12、productsintheUS.LectureAttitude:USwoodcompanieswilleventuallyseekeco-certification.SubPoint1:Lotofconfidenceinindependentagencies.(Reactfavorablytocertifiedproduct.)SubPoint2:Americanvaluepreservingandprotectingtheenvironment.SubPoint3:Woodcompaniesshouldpayattentioninternationally.(Foreigncompetito
13、rs,consumersneedbrands.)范文逐段赏析Paragraph1Thelectureandthereadingpassagepresentcontradictoryopinionsonthetopicofeco-certificationzaformofaccreditationconferredbyoninternationalagencyinrecognitionofacompanysecofriendlypractices.ThereadingpassageexplainsthatitisnotnecessaryforAmericanlumbercompaniestopu
14、rsueeco-certificationzwhilethelectureprovidesseveralcounterargumentsforwhytheoppositeisthecase.此段功能：(Listeningpassage后文提到用L代替)(Readingpassage后文用R代替)开头段说道L和R关于一个环保牌照持相反意见，随后解释了环保牌照是一家国际环保机构颁发的。R认为美国木材公司不需要此牌照，但是L认为相反。此段结构：开头段作者先展示了L和R的对立关系，解释了对立的原因和分别复述了LzR各自的立场。Paragraph2Firstzthelecturerarguesthatt
15、hereadingpassageistoogeneralinitsstatementthatAmericanconsumersrejectadvertisingcompletely.HeassertsthatAmericansdonottrustadvertisingclaimsforaproductwhentheseclaimsaremadebythecompanythatsellstheproduct.Whenaclaimismadebyanindependentthirdpartyzsuchasawoodcertificationcompany,heposits,consumersres
16、pondverypositivelywithastrongeracceptanceofthecertifiedproduct.此段功能：在第一点的论证上，作者说R认为美国顾客排斥广告太泛泛了。L解释美国人不相信那些自己公司做广告卖自己产品的，但是当证明是第三方机构，例如一个木材验证公司，顾客还是反应十分积极的。此段结构：此段为分总结构，作者先陈述了R的想法，然后用一系列的L的证明来说明R的想法太空洞。Paragraph3Thelectureralsorefutesthesecondpointinthereading:thatprice-sensitiveAmericanconsumersare
17、likelytochooseinexpensivewoodproductsregardlessofcertification.Theprofessorcontendsthatcertifiedwoodisonlyslightly(lessthan5%)moreexpensivethanuncertifiedwood,andtherefore,heargueszconsumerswilltendtoignorethepricedifferenceandchoosetheeco-friendlyproduct.此段功能：作者先写L继续反驳R的第二点：价格敏感的美国人只会选便宜的木头而忽视牌照。L说
18、，环保牌照木头和普通木头差价在5%内，顾客不会注意这种价格差所以会选环保产品。此段结构：为了写出L反驳R作者还是先列举了R的论点用接下来一系列L的新证据，推翻了RoParagraph4Finally,receivingeco-certificationslaccordingtotheprofessorzaneffectivestrategyusedbyAmericanwoodcompaniestoensurethattheirproductscancompeteagainstecocertifiedwoodproductsimportedintothedomesticmarketfromfor
19、eigncountries.Accordingtothereading,however,thisstrategyisunnecessarybecauseAmericanconsumersarelikelytopreferdomesticallymanufacturedproducts,eveniftheyarenotecocertified.此段功能：在第三论段里，L和R继续争论牌照的重要性。作者先说L觉得需要牌照，这样才能保证美国木材企业能在本土市场和国际产品竞争。R认为不必要，因为美国顾客就是喜欢国内自产的，无论有没有牌照。此段结构：此段为分分结构，作者表达了LR在市场问题理解上的对立情绪后，陈列了双方证据。范文全篇总评L逻辑结构全文遵从总分结构，开头段说明双方关于牌照需要问题成对立状态，在接下来的三个论段中，依次陈列双方意见，L中做出了推翻性结论的，就如实陈述。在第三点上，L并不能说严格的推翻了R的观点，所以作者也就只陈列双方意见，没有自己增加主观臆断。2、语言表达文章语言表达朴实，经常用小段的插入句补充论点，或者补充解释，这样使文章面面俱到又不累赘。可以借鉴的词句有：1. Lumber:木材/timber/2. Posit:彳段设，安置/Postulate/Religionpositstheexistencelifeafterdeath.
