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1、托福作文写作范文详解ReadingRobertE.Pearywasawell-knownadventurerandarcticexplorerwhoin1909setouttoreachtheNorthPole.Whenhereturnedfromtheexpedition,heclaimedtohavereachedthepoleonApril7l1909.Thisreportmadehimintoaninternationalcelebrity.ThoughsomehistorianshaveexpresseddoubtsthatPearydidinfactreachtheNorthPol
2、e,threeargumentsprovidestrongsupportforthetruthofPearyzsclaim.First,theNationalGeographicSocietyputtogetheracommitteethatwasinstructedtoconductathoroughinvestigationofPearyzsrecordsandequipment.Attheendoftheinvestigation,thecommitteeconcludedthatPearysaccountswereconsistentandpersuasiveanddeclaredth
3、athehadindeedreachedtheNorthPole.Second,arecentexpeditionprovidessupportforPeary,sclaimthathereachedtheNorthPoleinonly37daysaftersettingoutfromEllesmereIslandoffthecoastofGreenland.SkepticsusedtoarguethatPearycouldnothavetraveledthatfast.Sinceevenmodernsnowmobilestakelongertocoverthesamedistance.How
4、everzaBritishexplorernamedTomAveryrecentlymadethesametrekinlessthan37days.InfactzAveryusedthesamekindofdogsledandthesamenumberandbreedofdogsasPearyhad.Thus,Pearyzsclaimsarenotimpossible,andheverywellmighthavebeentellingthetruth.ThirdztherearephotographstakenbyPearythatsupporthisclaimtohavereachedthe
5、NorthPole.MeasuringtheshadowsinPearyzsphotographsmakesitpossibletocalculatetheSunrspositioninthesky.TheSun,spositionestablishedfromthephotographscorrespondsexactlytotheSurfspositionasitshouldhavebeenattheNorthPoleonthatday.ThisprovidesstrongevidencethatPearyreachedtheNorthPoleandtookthephotographsth
6、ere.ListeningTheresnosolidevidencethatRobertPearyreachedtheNorthPole.TheargumentscitedinthereadingselectionarenotConVinCing.First,itistruethattheNationalGeographicSocietycommitteedeclaredthatPearyhadindeedreachedtheNorthPolezbutthecommitteewasnotcompletelyobjective.Infact,thecommitteewascomposedofPe
7、aryzstrip.Moreover,theinvestigationlastedonlytwodays.AndaccordingtoPearyhimself,thecommitteedidnotexaminehisrecordscarefully.Sothecommitteesconclusionseembiasedandthereforearenottrustworthy.Second,thespeedissue.TomAvery,sjourneywasdifferentfromPearyzsinimportantways.Forexample,AveryzSsledwassimilart
8、oPearyzssledzbutAverycarriedmuchlessweightthanPearydid,becauseAverydidnottransporthisfoodonthesled.Avery,sfoodwasdroppedalongthewaybyairplane.Moreover,Averyencounteredhighlyfavorableweatherconditions,unlikePearywhotravelledinveryunfavorableconditions.SoAvery,sspeedytripwastoodifferentfromPearyzstopr
9、ovidesupportforPeary,sclaims.Third,thephotographsdonotproveanything.ThetechniquesscientistsusetodeterminetheSunzspositiondependonmeasuringtheshadowsinthephotographsveryprecisely.Withoutaprecisemeasurementoftheshadows,wecannotestablishtheSunzsexactposition.NowzPeary1spictureswerephotographedahundredy
10、earsagousingaprimitivecamerathattookfuzzyzslightlyunfocusedphotographs.Moreover,thephotoshavebecomefadedandwornovertime.Asaresult,theshadowsinPearysphotographslookblerredandfaded.ThoseshadowscannotbeusedtocalculatethepositionoftheSunwithgreataccuracy.Sowecannotbeconfidentthephotoswerereallytakenatth
11、eNorthPole.一、阅读听力要点概括ReadingPassage1. First,theNationalGeographicSocietyputtogetheracommitteethatwasinstructedtoconductathoroughinvestigationofPearysrecordsandequipment.2. Second,arecentexpeditionperformedbyAveryunderthesimilarconditionsprovidessupportforPeary,sclaimthathereachedtheNorthPoleinonly37
12、days3. TheSunspositionestablishedfromthephotographscorrespondsexactlytotheSurfspositionasitshouldhavebeenattheNorthPoleonthatday.Lecture1. ThecommitteewasnotcompletelyobjectiveduetothefactthatitwascomposedofPearyzsclosefriendwhofundedthetripanditwasnotcarefulduringtheinvestigation.2. Avery,sfoodwasd
13、roppedalongthewaybyairplanebutnottransportedonthesled.Averyencounteredhighlyfavorableweatherconditions,unlikePearywhotravelledinveryunfavorableconditions.3. Pearyzspictureswerephotographedahundredyearsagousingaprimitivecamerathattookfuzzyzslightlyunfocusedphotographs.Moreover,thephotoshavebecomefade
14、dandwornovertime.Withoutaprecisemeasurementoftheshadows,wecannotestablishtheSunsexactposition.二、范文逐段赏析Paragraph1Inthereadingmaterial,theauthorraisesthreestrongargumentstosupporthisclaimthatPearyindeedreachedtheNorthPole.Thelecturer,however,disputesthatthosereasonsarenotconvincingatall.此段功能首段提出问题，指出双
15、方的矛盾点，为下面的论述做好了铺垫。此段结构此段是并列结构，分别概括介绍了双方的观点。Paragraph2Firstly,itissaysthattheNationalGeographicSocietyCommitteeconductedathoroughinvestigationwhichprovedthetruthofPearyzsclaim.Howeverzthespeakercastsdoubtontheobjectivityoftheclaim.HearguesthatthecommitteewascomposedofPearyzsfriendsandactuallyPearywas
16、oneofthedonators.Moreovertheinvestigationlastedforashortperiodandthuswasnotvalidatall.此段功能提出了文章与演讲中的第一个矛盾点。文章指出国际地理协会经过调查证实了Peary到达北极的论断。而演讲指出，这一协会的权威性应受到质疑，因为它主要由Peary的朋友组成并且Peary本人就是赞助者之-O同时这一调查持续的时间很短，真实性存在疑问。此段结构此段并列结构，就文章中的证据演讲一一反驳。Paragraph3Second,thewriterpointsoutthatAveryreachedtheNorthPole
17、undersimilarconditionsasPearybutinashortertimeperiodthanPearydidzwhichindicatesthepossibilityofPearyzssuccess.Thelecturer,yetzarguesthatAverytookadvantageofthegoodweatherconditionandsupplyoffood.ThusAvery,sspeedytripcouldnotprovidestrongsupportforPeary,sclaims.此段功能提出文章与演讲中的第二个矛盾点。文章指出相似条件下Avery到达北极点
18、的时间比Peary更短，所以Peary有可能成功。然而演讲中指出Avery能够取得成功得益于好的天气和充足的食物，所以Avery的例子不能作为Peary可能成功的证据。此段结构此段并列结构，就文章中的证据演讲一一反驳。Paragraph4Lastbutnotleast,inviewoftheauthor,photographstakenbyPearyshouldbevalidevidence.Buttothelecturer,admittedly,thetechniquesusedtodeterminethesunzspositionbasedonthosephotographswasuntr
19、ustworthy,thequalityofthepicturesisdoubtfulnotonlybecauseoftheprimitivecameraheusedbutalsoduetothefadedandwornphotos.ThusthepicturescannotprovePeary1stripatall.此段功能指出了文章第三个矛盾点,文章认为Peary的照片能够证明他成功到达了北极点。然而演讲者指出仅仅依据这些照片来定位太阳的位置是不可信的，同时因为Peary的相机比较原始，照片也褪色磨损，所以照片不足为信。此段结构此段并列结构，就文章中的证据演讲一一反驳。三、范文全篇总评1 .逻辑结构文章是总分的结构，在首段指出文章与演讲观点相悖，接下来分三个方面阐述了演讲中的证据以此来反驳文章观点。2 .语言表达文章表达得很有层次，firstly,second,lastbutnotleast,层层递进，有条有理。同时文章有些词组表达值得借鉴学习，比如Castdoubtonztakeadvantageof,inviewofznotonlybecauseofbutalsodueto等。
