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1、考研英语写作强化,2016年全国硕士研究生招生考试考生进入复试的初试成绩基本要求（学术学位类）,2016年全国硕士研究生招生考试考生进入复试的初试成绩基本要求（专业学位类）,大纲要求,全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语考试大纲(非英语考生)在考试说明部分要求考生掌握的写作技能：考生应能写不同类型的应用文，包括私人和公务信函、备忘录、摘要、报告等，还应能写一般描述性、叙述性和说明或议论性的文章。短文写作时，考生应能：(1)做到语法、拼写、标点正确、用词恰当;(2)遵循文章的特定文体格式;(3)合理组织文章结构，使其内容统一、连贯;(4)根据写作目的和特定读者，恰当选用语域。,评分原则,B节作文的评分
2、重点在于内容的完整性、文章的组织连贯性、语法结构和词汇的多样性及语言的准确性。评分时，先根据文章的内容和语言确定其所属档次，然后以该档次的要求来给分。评分人员在档内有13分的调节分。B节作文的字数要求是160200词。文章长度不符合要求的，酌情扣分。拼写与标点符号是语言准确性的一个方面。评分时，视其对交际的影响程度予以考虑。英、美拼写及词汇用法均可接受。如书写较差，以致影响理解，将分数降低一个档次。,评分标准,第五档:A节(910分),B节(1720分)很好地完成了试题规定的任务：包含所有内容要点;使用丰富的语法结构和词汇;语言自然流畅，语法错误极少;有效地采用了多种衔接手法，文字连贯，层次清
3、晰;格式和语域恰当贴切。对目标读者完全产生了预期的效果。,标准问题,Directions:Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the following drawing.In your essay,you should1)describe the drawing briefly,2)interpret its intended meaning,and3)give your comments.You should write neatly on the ANSWER SHEET.(20 points),历年题目,命题特征,作者：邢群麟黑龙江科学技术出
4、版社出版,优秀青少年具备的30个特征,1.自信2.自尊3.自立4.乐观5.坚韧6.勇敢7.进取8.勤奋9.珍惜时间10.注重行动,11.认真12.负责13.自制14.诚实15.正直16.忠诚17.善良18.包容19.谦逊20.孝顺,21.节俭22.感恩23.尊重他人24.乐于合作25.分享26.主动学习27.积极创新28.自省29.热爱他人30.崇尚运动,2001年,2002年,2003年,2004年,2005年,2006年,2007年,2008年,2009年,2010年,2011年,2012年,2013年,2014年,2015年,2016年,优秀青少年具备的30个特征,1.自信2.自尊3.自
5、立4.乐观5.坚韧6.勇敢7.进取8.勤奋9.珍惜时间10.注重行动,11.认真12.负责13.自制14.诚实15.正直16.忠诚17.善良18.包容19.谦逊20.孝顺,21.节俭22.感恩23.尊重他人24.乐于合作25.分享26.主动学习27.积极创新28.自省29.热爱他人30.崇尚运动,优秀青少年具备的30个特征,1.Confidence2.self-esteem 3.Independence 4.Optimism.5.Persistence.6.Brevity.7.Enterprising.8.Diligence.9.Cherishing time.10.Action,11.Con
6、scientiousness 12.Responsibility 13.Self-restraint 14.Honesty 15.Integrity 16.Loyalty 17.Kindness 18.Inclusiveness 19.Modesty 20.Filial piety,21.Thrifty 22.Gratefulness 23.Respect 24.Cooperation 25.Sharing 26.Active learning 27.Innovation 28.Introspection 29.Benevolence30.Athleticism,万能例子,1.Bill Gat
7、es（比尔盖茨）When Bill Gates made his decision to drop out from Harvard,he did not care too much of the result.Gates entered Harvard in 1973,and dropped out two years later when he and Allen started the engine of Microsoft.Many people did not understand why Gates gave up such a good opportunity to study
8、in the worlds No.1 University.However,with size comes power,Microsoft dominates the PC market with its operating systems,such as MS-DOS and Windows.Now,Microsoft becomes the biggest software company in the world and Bill Gates becomes the richest man in the world.自信、勇敢、进取、勤奋、注重行动、创新,万能例子,2.Thomas Ed
9、ison（托马斯 爱迪生）In 1879,after more than 1,000 trials and$40,000,Thomas Edison introduced an inexpensive alternative to candles and gaslight:the incandescent lamp.Using carbonized filaments from cotton thread,his light bulb burned for two days.These bulbs were first installed on the steamship Columbia a
10、nd have been lighting up the world ever since.勤奋、注重行动、创新、主动学习,万能例子,3.Mother Teresa（特雷莎修女）Mother Teresa,winner of the Nobel Peace Prize,dedicated the majority of her life to helping the poorest of the poor in India,thus gaining her the name Saint of the Gutters.”The devotion towards the poor won her
11、respect throughout the world and the Nobel Peace Prize in 1979.She founded an order of nuns called the Missionaries of Charity in Calcutta,India dedicated to serving the poor.Almost 50 years later,the Missionaries of Charity have grown from 12 sisters in India to over 3,000 in 517 missions throughou
12、t 100 countries worldwide.乐观、进取、负责、热爱他人,万能例子,4.Nelson Rolihlahla Mandela（纳尔逊罗利赫拉赫拉曼德拉）Mandela,the South African black political leader and former president,was awarded 1993 Nobel Peace Prize for his efforts to antiracism and antiapartheid.Nelson Mandela is one of the great moral and political leader
13、s of our time:an international hero whose lifelong dedication to the fight against racial oppression in South Africa won him the Nobel Peace Prize and the presidency of his country.Since his triumphant release in 1990 from more than a quarter-century of imprisonment,Mandela has been at the center of
14、 the most compelling and inspiring political drama in the world.As president of the African National Congress and head of South 勇敢、坚韧、善良、热爱他人,万能例子,5.Beethoven（贝多芬）Beethoven,the German Composer,began to lose his hearing in 1801 and was entirely deaf by 1819.However,this obstacle could not keep him fr
15、om becoming one of the most famous and prolific composers in art history.His music,including 9 symphonies,5 piano concertos,several senates and so on,forms a transition from classical to romantic composition.自立、坚韧、进取、勤奋、,万能例子,6.Raoul Wallenberg（瓦伦堡）Raoul Wallenberg was a young Swedish aristocrat.In
16、1944 he left the safety of his country and entered Budapest.Over the next year he outwitted the Nazis and saved as many as 100,000 Jews(he was not himself Jewish)from the death camps.In 1945 he was arrested by the Russians,charged with spying,and imprisoned in a Russian labor camp.勇敢、正直,万能例子,7.Paul
17、Revere（保罗）Our perceptive towards Paul Revere just illustrates this point.According to the romantic legend,he,galloping along of the dark from one farm house to another,alerted the people to the coming British.And of course the story emphasized the courage of one man,made him a hero in our history bo
18、oks.However,his heroism required a matrix of others who were already well-prepared to mobilize against the oppressor and he was just one part of a pre-arrange plan.Heroes like Revere have no usefulness apart from a society primed to act.合作,万能例子,8.Henry Ford（亨利 福特）Henry ford,one of the most influenti
19、al inventors in the history,was always inattentive in school.Once,he and a friend took a watch apart to probe the principle behind it.Angry and upset,the teacher punished him both to stay after school.Their punishment was to stay until they had fixed the watch.But the teacher did not know young ford
20、s genius,in ten minutes,this mechanical wizard had repaired the watch and was on this way home.It is imagination that invigorated Ford to make a through inquiry about things he did not know.He once plugged up the spout of a teapot and placed it on the fire.Then he waited to see what would happen.The
21、 water boiled and,of course,turned to steam.创新,万能例子,9.Alexander Graham Bell（亚历山大 格雷厄姆贝尔）Not realizing the full impact it would have on society,Alexander Graham Bell introduced the first telephone to an amazed audience at Americas Centennial Exposition in Philadelphia in 1876.Within a year,Bell had i
22、nstalled 230 phones and established the Bell Telephone Company,which was later transformed into AT&T.In 1997,643,000,000,000 calls were made by people in the United States alone.创新,逻辑编制,顺承：according to、correspondingly、equally、indeed、subsequently递进：in addition、moreover、furthermore、meanwhile原因：since、f
23、or、as、in that、due to让步：although、even though、even if、even when、despite、in spite of、granted、admittedly、notwithstanding列举：to start with，next，eventually，afterwards，last but not the least，to end with，finally,句子结构,一、图画/图表描述段【示例一】From the picture(graph,chart,table,pie,bar)，we know that_(图表内容总概括).On the one
24、 hand,the left/first picture tells us that_(情况一，图一/表一的内容).On the other hand,(the right/second)picture informs us that_(情况二，图二/表二的内容).It can easily be seen that_(揭示图画/表寓意)。【示例二】As is vividly shown/described/depicted in the cartoon/picture,_(图表内容总概括).In the first picture,_(描述图/表一内容，如果是一个表，则可左或上半部分).As
25、 is shown in the second drawing/picture,_(描述图/表二内容，如果是一个表，则右或下半部分).It is safe to draw the conclusion that_(提示寓意，或主题句，回应主题)。,句子结构,二、意义阐述段【示例一】Judging from the pictures,we can clearly infer that the drawers intention is(主题句).(扩展句).For one thing/First of all/Firstly,(第一个层面).For another/Besides/Moreover
26、/In addition/Secondly,(第二个层面).Thus/As a result/Therefore/Finally,_(总结句)。【示例二】To begin with,the purpose of the drawings is to show us that_(主题句)，yet the symbolic meanings subtly conveyed should be taken more seriously.(扩展句)is naturally associated with,to be specific_(第一个层面).Besides/Moreover/In additi
27、on,_(第二个层面)。As a result/Therefore,_(总结句)。,句子结构,三、原因阐释段【示例一】There are many reasons responsible for this phenomenon/case/instance and the following are the typical ones.The first reason is that_(理由一).The second reason is that_(理由二).The third reason is that/A case in point is that/The typical example i
28、s that_(理由三)。【示例二】There are many reasons to explain/explaining the effect/phenomenon/case/instance.The most contributing one is/the main reason is no other than_(理由一).What is more,_(理由二)._(理由三)also play a role in this case。,句子结构,四、建议措施段【示例一】Considering all these reasons/this situation/Confronted wit
29、h such a problem,I think we need to take some positive measures.On the one hand,_(方法/建议一).On the other hand,it is necessary for us to_(方法/建议二).Thus/Only in this way,can_(总结自己的观点/建议/态度)。【示例二】In order to improve the situation/To sum up the above argument/Confronted with such an issue/problem,we should
30、 find several solutions to it/need to take some positive measures.On the one hand/For one thing,we should_(方法/建议一).On the other hand/For another,_(方法/建议二).Therefore/Thus/Only in this way,can_(段落总结句)。,句子结构,五、趋势预测段【示例一】Accordingly,it is vital for us to derive positive implications from these though-pr
31、ovoking drawings.On the one hand,we can frequently use them to enlighten that_(主题).On the other hand,we should be sensible enough to_(观点/态度).Only by_(段落总结句)，and only in this way can we have a brilliant future。【示例二】The effects of which has produced on can be boiled down to two major ones.First,(影响一).
32、More importantly,_(影响二).Hence,I believe that we will see a_(提出展望)./Nevertheless,I do not think we will see a_(或反面展望)。,句子结构,六、举例说明段【示例一】There are many cases/examples to explain_(主题句).Take as a typical example./The first example is that_(阐述例子)，_(可进一步阐述).The second example is that/In addition/Here is a
33、 counter example./Opposite case in point is that/On the contrary(第二个例子的内容或举一个反面例子).Therefore,/Only can_(总结主题句/段落总结句)。【示例二】_(观点句).It can be best/well illustrated in/explained by(例子)._(阐述例子)._(进一步阐述例子).Therefore,_(段落总结句：进一步总结观点句的必要性和重要性)。,句子结构,七、观点阐释段【示例一】Nowadays,a heated debate about_(主题)is under wa
34、y in China.A close inspection of this argument would reveal how flimsy(groundless)it is.As a matter of fact,_(进一步说明)。【示例二】While the rhythm/pace/tempo of peoples living is speeding up,one of the topics many city residents are discussing is_(主题).As part of domestic modernization,needs to be developed
35、urgently in china,for_(进一步说明)。,句子结构,八、现象/现状说明段【示例一】With the rapid advances of in recent years,has_(引出现象).However,has,as_(提出问题).As a result,_(指出影响)，which has aroused close social attention from all walks of life。【示例二】With the rapid development of science and technology(electronic industry/higher educ
36、ation)，more and more people come to realize that_(引出现象).It is estimated,over the past decade,that_(用具体数据说明现象)。,句子结构,九、利弊说明段【示例一】Recently the issue of whether or not_(讨论话题)has been in the limelight and has aroused wide concern in the public.There are two major arguments that can be made for.For one t
37、hing,can bring to(优点一).For another,it is widely hold that people usually when(优点二).But we must not lose sight of the fact that there are also drawbacks to,among which are_(列举缺点).For instance,it can be to(举例说明).In addition,many people find it(形容词)to(第二个缺点)。,句子结构,十、归纳结论段【示例一】Judging from these figures
38、,we can draw the conclusion that_(得出结论).The reason for this,as far as I am concerned is that_(给出原因).It is high time that we_(发出倡议)。【示例二】Taking into account of all these factors,we may reach the conclusion that_(结论).And with the above content,it will show more profound significance in_(进一步总结)。,口水词替换,
39、一、most或最高级表达 例句:Helen is the most beautiful girl that I have ever seen.(known/heard/had/read,etc)海伦是我所看过最美丽的女孩。二、most important：例句:Nothing is more important than to receive education.没有比接受教育更重要的事。三、important例句:We cannot emphasize the importance of protecting our eyes too much.我们再怎么强调保护眼睛的重要性也不为过。,口水
40、词替换,四、must be、unsatisfied例句:There is no denying that our educational system leaves something to be desired.五、well-known例句:It is universally acknowledged that trees are indispensable to us.全世界都知道树木对我们是不可或缺的。are indispensable to us.不可或缺的六、when例句：Only when we develop ourselves in a well-rounded way can
41、 we become productive members of society.,口水词替换,七、sothat例句:So precious is time that we cant afford to waste it.时间是如此珍贵,我们经不起浪费它。八、although例句:Rich as our country is,the qualities of our living are by no means satisfactory.虽然我们的国家富有,我们的生活品质绝对令人不满意。九、can not例句:On no account can we ignore the value of k
42、nowledge.,口水词替换,十、can例句:Listening to music enable us to feel relaxed.听音乐使我们能够感觉轻松。十一、everyone例句:There is no one but longs to go to college.没有人不渴望上大学。十二、have to例句:Since the examination is around the corner,I am compelled to give up doing sports.既然考试迫在眉睫,我不得不放弃做运动。,口水词替换,十三、you know例句:It is conceivabl
43、e that knowledge plays an important role in our life.可想而知,知识在我们的一生中扮演一个重要的角色。（It is apparent that）十四、exampleHe is a real idol for all of Chinese youth十五、worth例句:It pays to help others.帮助别人是值得的。,口水词替换,十六、try to 例句:We should spare no effort to beautify our environment.我们应该不遗余力的美化我们的环境。十七、understand例句:
44、We should bring home to people the value of working hard.我们应该让人们明白努力的价值。十八、because例句:Thanks to his encouragement,I finally realized my dream.因为他的鼓励,我终于实现我的梦想。Due to/Owing to/Thanks to+N/Ving,口水词替换,十九、influence 例句:Smoking has a great influence on our health.抽烟对我们的健康有很大的影响。二十、threat 例句Pollution poses
45、a great threat to our existence.二十一、do ones best例句:We should do our utmost to achieve our goal in life.我们应尽全力去达成我们的人生目标。,小作文,写作及评分要求格式准确信息完整内容合理,建议信一Dear _,I am very glad to hear that you want to seek some suggestions about _ in order to _.From my point of view,_.Also,to you,I highly recommend that
46、_.On the one hand,_.On the other hand,_.Besides,it is unnecessary for you to _.Consequently,I believe that _.I hope that my opinions are of help to you,and please feel free to contact me for more questions.Yours sincerely,Li Ming,建议信二Dear _,I am writing to express my views concerning _.In the first
47、place,I would like to say thank you for the help and everything else you have been offering to us.Meanwhile,I also want to make some advice to better _.Firstly,we have found that _.Secondly,we want to _.Finally,we hope that _.I am looking forwards to your consideration about my proposals.Thanks in a
48、dvance for that.Yours sincerely,Li Ming,建议信三Dear，I am very glad to hear that you want to seek some suggestions about in order to.From my point of view,.Also,to you,I highly recommend that.On the one hand,.On the other hand,.Besides,it is unnecessary for you to.Consequently,I believe that.I hope that
49、 my opinions are of help to you,and please feel free to contact me for more questions.Yours sincerely,Li Ming,请求信Dear，I am.Id like to ask if you have/can provide me with the information of.The reasons for my urgent need of are as follows:1);2);3).Therefore,I will be much obliged if you can help me.P
50、lease feel free to call me at for further questions.Thank you for your time and patience,and I look forward to your prompt reply.Yours Sincerely,Li Ming,投诉信Dear_,I am.(自我介绍)I feel bad to trouble you but I am afraid that I have to make a complaint about_.The reason for my dissatisfaction is _(总体介绍).I
