英文药品说明书常见表达.ppt
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1、第五章英文药品说明书,英文药品说明书,InstructionsDirectionsDescription Package Insert 或简称 Insert,LeafletData Sheets,主要内容,Drug Names Description Pharmacological Actions Indications Contraindications Dosage and Administration Adverse Reactions Precautions Package Storage,第一节 药品名称,商品名(Trade Name 或 Proprietary Name)通用名(G
2、eneric Name)化学名(Chemical Name),例:日本田边有限公司生产的熊去氧胆酸片Trade Name:Ursosan(tablets)Generic Name:Ursodeoxycholic Acid(熊去氧胆酸);Chemical Name:3,7dihydroxy-5-Cholanoic acid(3,7二羟基5胆烷酸),药品名称的翻译,音译:按英文药品名称的读音译成相同或相近的汉语。如:Tamoxitn它莫西芬音译较为方便,但不能表意。意译:按药品名称所表达的含意译成相应的汉语。例如:cholic Acid 胆酸;也可按其药理作用翻译如:Minidiab灭糖尿(治疗糖
3、尿病药物)等。音意合译:药品名称中的一部分采用音译,另一部分采用意译.例如:Coumadin香豆定(coumarin香豆素)。谐音译意:以音译为原则,选用谐音的汉字,既表音,又表意,音意结合。例如:Doriden多睡丹,商品名称可以这样翻译,而法定名称则规定不可以这样翻译。,第二节 性状,DescriptionChemical Structure Composition Physical and Chemical Properties,常用的词语,表示组成、制备的词及短语,如:contain 含有;be prepared from 由制备;have(possess)由(具有)表示性质的一些词类
4、,如:crystalline 结晶的 structure 结构 solubility 溶解度 injection 注射剂 insoluble 不溶的 odo(u)r 气味 solution 溶液 tablets 片剂 derivative 衍生物colo(u)rless 无色的 tasteless 无味的 liquid 液体 sterile 无菌的 powder 粉末 solid 固体 soluble 可溶的 molecular weight 分子量,常见的句型,例1Folic acid is a yellowish to orange,crystalline powder;odourless
5、 or almost odourless.叶酸是淡黄色至橙色结晶粉末,无臭或几乎无臭。例2Intralipos is a white opaque fat emulsion for intravenous injection,containing 10 W/V%of purified soybean oil.脂肪乳剂是白色,不透明,供静脉注射用的脂肪乳剂,含有10%(W/V)的精制大豆油。,常见的句型,例3熊去氧胆酸片为白色素片,每片含50mg熊去氧胆酸。Ursosan Tablet is a white plain tablet which contains 50mg of ursodeso
6、xycholic acid.例4.本品为白色至类白色结晶固体,难溶于水、稀酸及大多数有机溶剂中。It occurs as a white to off-white,crystalline solid,poorly soluble in water,dilute acid and most organic solvents,第三节 药理作用,常用标题:Pharmacological Action 药理作用 Pharmacological Properties 药理性质 Pharmacology 药理学 Clinical Pharmacology 临床药理 Actions 作用 Actions a
7、nd Properties 作用与性质 Clinical Effect(Use)临床效果(用途)Mechanism of Action 作用机理 Mode of Action 作用方式,主要内容,药理作用(Pharmacological Action)临床药理(Clinical Parmacology)体外试验(in vitro experiments)药物代谢(Metabolism)药效(Potency)毒性(Toxicity),常用词及短语举例,动词 administrate 投药 excrete 排泄 maintain 维持 result in 导致 produce 产生 tolerat
8、e 耐受metabolize 代谢 promote 促进 protect(from)保护(不变)形容词,常用词及短语举例,名词 serum concentration 血清浓度 tolerance 耐受性 in vivo 体内 infection 感染 level 水平,浓度 mechanism 机理 kidney 肾,常见句型举例,例1.Peak serum concentrations of tobramycin occur between 30 and about 60 minutes after intramuscular administration.肌注后约3050分钟之间妥布毒素
9、的血药浓度达到高峰。例2.Nembutal Sodium exerts a depressant action on the CNS and shares the sedative-hypnotic actions typical of the barbiturates.戊巴比妥钠对中枢神经系统产生抑制作用,并显示戊巴比妥类特有的镇静催眠作用。,常见句型举例,例3.已发现制霉菌素(Nystain)在肠道内可抑制酵母菌(yeast)的生长。Nystain has been found to inhibit the growth of yeast in the intestinal tract.例
10、4.熊去氧胆酸的生物半衰期时3.5-5.8天 the biological half-life of ursodeoxycholic acid is 3.5-5.8 days,第四节 适应症,Indications适应症 Indications and Usage 适应症与用途 Major(Principal)Indications 主要适应症 Uses用途 Action and Use作用与用途,表示与“其他药物合用”的结构有:,be associated with in association with be combined with in combination with be com
11、patible with in conjunction with concomitant with together with,常见句型,1.不完全句结构仅列出疾病或微生物的名称例如:例1 Angina pectoris,hypertension.心绞痛,高血压。2.由For(或In等)引出的短语,例如:例2 In the treatment of all forms of pulmonary tuberculosis in association with other antitubercular drugs.与其他抗结核药配伍,治疗各种类型肺结核。,常见句型,3.To+动词原形构成的短语,
12、如:例 3 To protect the liver cell during administration of drugs hazardous to the liver 在服用对肝脏有危害的药物期间,用以保护肝细胞。4.完整的句子结构或段落,有时结构很复杂;例 4 Nebcin is indicated for the treatment of the following infections caused by susceptible microorganisms.乃柏欣适用于治疗下列由敏感细菌引起的感染:,课后作业,丙磺舒(Benemid)被推荐用于治疗痛风及在抗感染治疗时增加并延长青霉
13、素类(penicillins)的血浆浓度;阿霉素(Adriamycin)常与其他细胞毒(cytotoxic)药物合用于化疗方案;阿米卡星(Amikacin)可用于治疗革兰氏阳性敏感菌引起的感染,也可用于治疗敏感葡萄球菌(staphylococci)引起的感染。,第五节 禁忌症,ContraindicationsRestrictions on Use Contraindications 禁忌症 Precautions(Note)注意事项 Warning 警告 Pregnancy and Lactation 妊娠与哺乳,常用的结构有:,contraindications are 禁忌症是 be c
14、ontraindicated in(for)对禁忌should not be used(employed)in 不得用于 It is advisable to avoid the use of 建议不用于must not be administered(given)to 对不得用药 should be used with caution 慎用 be not recommended for 最好不用于 none reported 未见报道 not known 不清楚,常见句型,1)省略句型,只列出禁忌对象或疾病名称等。例1.Hypersensitivity to quinoiones,sever
15、e renal insufficiency.对喹喏酮类过敏,严重肾功能不全。2)完整的句子或段落 例2.Cetazolin sodium is contraindicated in patients with known hypersensitivity to cephalosporin group of antibiotics.先锋5号禁用于已知对头孢菌素类抗生素过敏的患者。,课后作业:,5岁以下儿童禁用敌胺(Antistine)。对本品过敏的患者禁用本品。胆管阻塞(bile duct obstruction)患者禁用熊去氧胆酸。如果不是临床需要,建议本品(Aramine)不要与环丙烷(cy
16、clo-propane)合用。,第六节 用量与用法,本项最常用的英语表示法有:Dosage and Administration 用(剂)量与用法 Administration 用法Route of Administration 给药途径(用法)Direction for Use 用法Method of(for)Administration 用法 Mode of Application 用法Application and Dosage 用法与用(剂)量 Dosage 用(剂)量How to Use 用法 Dosology 剂量学,常用句型:,例1 Unless other wise presc
17、ribed by the physician,the average daily dose is 1 capsule 3 times daily.如果医生不另开处方,平均日剂量为每日3次、每次1个胶囊。例2 The suggested dose is 10 to 15 mg per kg body weight daily in 3-4 divided doses orally,taken with meals.日剂量最好每公斤体重10-15mg,分3-4次口服,与食物共服。,常用句型:,例3 In severs chronic cases,treatment is started with
18、daily 1 to 2 ampoules of Bilocid and continued with one ampoule every other day,injected slowly by the intravenous route.治疗严重的慢性疾病时,治疗从每日1-2支利胆素注射剂开始,继续治疗时每隔一日1安瓶缓慢静脉注射。例4 the recommended single dose is 1 ampoule,given subcutaneously,intramuscularly or intravenously.建议一次剂量为1安瓶,皮下、肌肉或静脉注射给药。,课后作业,片剂(
19、或糖浆)应于食间或饭后用少量液体送服。开始剂量推荐为每日3次,每次半片美多巴(Madopa)。推荐的首剂量为每20mg,一次服用。成年人肌肉注射,每日400-600mg,分2-3次注射,第七节 不良反应,1.“不良反应”的常用的英语表示法有:Adverse Reaction(s)不良反应 Unwanted(Untoward)Reaction(s)不良反应 2.“副作用”的常用的英语表示法有:Side-effect(s)副作用 Side Reaction(s)副作用 Unwanted(Undesirable)Effects 副作用 By-effects 副作用,常用句型:,例1 Ciproflo
20、xactin is generally well tolerated.The most frequently reported adverse reactions are:nausea,diarrhea,vomiting,abdominal pain,headache,restlessness,rash and dizziness.环丙沙星一般耐受良好。最常报道的副作用有:恶心、腹泻、呕吐、腹痛、头痛、不安、皮疹、头晕。例2 When adverse reactions occur,they are usually reversible and disappear when the hormo
21、ne is discontinued.当不良反应发生时,它们往往是可逆的,停用激素后副作用即消失。,常用句型:,例3 The most serious side-effect is damage to the bone marrow.Because of this,the white blood cell count should be controlled often enough during the treatment.最严重的副作用是骨髓损害,因此在治疗期间,要经常监测白细胞计数。例4 These unwanted effects usually disappear spontaneo
22、usly after 7-14 days or following a temporary reduction in the dosage.这些副作用通常在7-14日之后,或者暂时降低剂量便自行消失。,第八节 注意事项,常用的英语表示法:Precaution(s)注意事项 Special note(caution,precaution)特别注意 Caution(s)注意事项 N.B.注意 Noto 注意 Warning(s)警告 Important 重要事项 Important for the patients 患者须知,常用句型:,例1 Ciprofloxacin could result
23、in impairment of the patients ability to drive or operate machinery,particularly in conjunction with alcohol.环丙沙星能损害人们驾驶汽车或操纵机器的能力,尤其是在饮酒之后。例2 Dosage should be controlled by periodic determinations of prothrombin time(PT)or other suitable coagulation tests.必须定期检查凝血酶原时间(PT),或做其他相应的凝血试验来控制剂量。,Ursofalk
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