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1、宾语从句语法讲解宾语从句歌诀宾语从句三姊妹，that,if/whether,Whhow展风采。展风采有三关，引导词、语序、时态在把关。主从时态要一致，陈述语序永不变。陈述请你选that,疑问需用if/whether连。特殊问句作宾从，原来问词不用换。三关过后莫得意，人称、标点需注意。留意变脸的if/when,从句的简化记心间。歌诀解码一、三姊妹宾语从句根据引导词的不同可分为三种类型：1 .由that引导的宾语从句。如：Weknew(that)weshouldlearnfromeachother.2 .由if/whether引导的宾语从句。如：Pleasetellmeif/whetheryouh
2、avebeentoAmerica.3 .由whozwhere,how等连接代词或连接副词引导的宾语从句。如：CanyoutellmehowIcangettothenearestpostoffice?二、三关1 .引导词关如果从句是陈述句，引导词用that(that在口语或非正式文体中常省略)；如果从句是一般疑问句，引导词用if/whether;如果从句是特殊疑问句，弓I导词用由疑问词转换而来的疑问代词/U词。2 .语序关陈述句变为宾语从句，语序不变，即仍用陈述语序。如：Heisanhonestboy.Theteachersaid.Theteachersaid(that)hewasanhones
3、tboy.一般疑问句和特殊疑问句变为宾语从句，语序变为陈述语序。如：Doesheworkhard?IwonderIwonderif/whetherheworkshard.Whendidheleave?Idon,tknow.Tdontknowwhenheleft.3 .时态关如果主句是现在的时态，从句的时态可根据实际情况而定。如：Ihaveheard(that)hewillcomebacknextweek.如果主句是过去的某种时态，那么从句的时态一定要用过去的某种时态。如：Hesaid(that)therewerenoclassesyesterday.注意：如果宾语从句表述的是客观真理、自然现象
4、等时，不管主句是什么时态，从句都要用一般现在时。如：Hesaidthatlighttravelsmuchfasterthansound.三、人称的变化和标点的使用1 .从句的主语如果是第一人称，变为宾语从句则与主句的主语一致；如果是第二人称，则与主句的宾语一致；如果是第三人称，不用变化。如：nMayIuseyourknife?Heaskedme.Heaskedmeifhemightusemyknife.“Doyouknowhertelephonenumber?Heaskedme.HeaskedmeifIknowhertelephonenumber.2 .宾语从句的标点均由主句决定。主句是陈述句
5、，用句号；主句是疑问句，用问号。如：Whowillgiveusatalk?Idonztknow.Idon,tknowwhowillgiveusatalk.Doyouknow?Wheredoeshelive?Doyouknowwherehelives?四、两副面孔if和when既能引导时间状语从句，又能引导宾语从句。因此，遇到它们就要认真分析一下，它们究竟属于两副面孔的哪一副。如：Ifitrainstomorrow,Iwon,tcome.（时间状语从句）Idon,tknowifitwillraintomorrow.（宾语从句）五、从句的简化1 .当主句谓语动词是find,see,watchzhe
6、ar等感官动词时，从句常简化为宾语+宾补结构，宾补为不带to的不定式或V-ing形式。如：Shefoundthatthewalletlay/waslyingontheground.Shefoundthewalletlie/lyingontheground.2 .当主句谓语动词是hope,wish,decide,forget,plan,agree等，且主句主语与从句主语相同时，从句可简化为不定式结构。如：Sheagreedthatshecouldhelpmewithmymaths.Sheagreedtohelpmewithmymaths.3 .在连接代词/副词引导的宾语从句中，当从句主语与主句主
7、语或间接宾语一致时，宾语从句可简化为连接代词周词+不定式结构。如：CanyoutellmehowIcangettothestation?Canyoutellmehowtogettothestation?宾语从句专项练习一、将下面的句子连接成为含有宾语从句的复合句。1 .TheseflowersarefromGuangdong.Hesaid.HesaidtheseflowersfromGuangdong.2 .Lighttravelsfasterthansound.Myteachertoldme.Myteachertoldmelightfasterthansound.3 .Therewillbe
8、ameetinginfivedays.Jackdidnztknow.Jackdid,tknowthereameetinginfivedays.4 .CantheyspeakFrench?Iwanttoknow.IwanttoknowFrench.5 .Arethechildrenplayinggames?Tellme.Tellmethechildrengames.6 .Haveyoufinishedyourhomeworkyet?Mr.ZhaoaskedMaGang.Mr.ZhaoaskedMaGanghomeworkyet.7 .Howmanypeoplecanyouseeinthepict
9、ure?Whoknows?Whoknowsinthepicture?8 .Wheredidsheparkhercar?Doyouknow?Doyouknowhercar?9 .Whatdoesheoftentalkabout?Thegirlwondered.Thegirlwonderedoftenabout.10 .Whoknockedatthedoorsoloudly?Idon,tknow.Idon,tknowatthedoorsoloudly.11 .Doeshestillliveinthatstreet?Idontknow.Idontknowhestillinthatstreet.12
10、.Whatshisname?Iaskedhim.Iaskedhimwhat.13 .Whendoesthetrainarrive?Pleasetellme.Pleasetellme.14 .Dotheywantfriedchicken?Heaskedtheboys.Heaskedtheboystheyfriedchicken.15 .WasthewatchmadeinShanghai?Idontknow.IdontknowthewatchmadeinShanghai.二、选择填空。()1.WhatdidMikesay?Hesaid.A.ifyouarefreethenextweekB.what
11、colourwasitC.theweatherisfineD.summercomesafterspring()2.Tomaskedmyfriend.A.wherewashefromB.thattheearthisbiggerthanthemoonC.whendidhecomebackD.nottobesoangry()3.Letmetellyou.A.howmuchisthecarB.howmuchdoesthecarcostC.howmuchdidIpayforthecarD.howmuchIspentonthecar()4.Peterknew.A. whetherhehasfinished
12、readingthebookB. whytheboyhadsomanyquestionsC. therewere12monthsinayearD.whentheywillleaveforParis()5.Couldyoutellme?A.wheredoyouliveB.whoyouarewaitingforC.whowereyouwaitingforD.whereyoulivein()6.1cantunderstandtheboyalone.A.whysheleftB.whydidsheleaveC.whyshehadleftD.whyhadsheleft()7.Shetoldmethesun
13、intheeast.A.riseB.roseC.risesD.hadrisen()8.1dontknowupsoearlylastSunday.A.whydidhegetB.whyhegetsC.whydoeshegetD.whyhegot()9.Themanagercameuptosee.A.whatwasthematterB.whatthematterwasC.whatthematterisD.whatsthematter()10.Heaskedhisfather.A.whereithappensB.wheredidithappenC.howithappenedD.howdidithapp
14、en()11.Noonetellsus,soweneedyourhelp.A.howweshoulddoB.whatshouldwedoC.howtodoitD.whattodoit()12.Couldyoupleaseteachmethecomputer.A.howcheckB.tocheckC.howtocheckD.tohowchecking()13.Theydontknowtheirparentsare.AthatBwhatCwhyDwhich()14.WheredoyouthinkhetheTVset?Sorryzvenoidea.A.zboughtB.haszboughtC.did
15、zbuyD.didbought()15.Ourhomeworkhaschangedalot.Whocantellitwouldbelikeinfiveyears.A.howzanotherB.whatzmoreC.howzotherD.whatzanother()16.Couldyoutellme?Yes.HetotheUSA.A.whereishe/hasbeenB.whereheis/hasgoneC.wherewashe/hasbeenD.wherehewas/hasgone()17.-Mikewantstoknowifapicnictomorrow.Yes.Butifit,wellvi
16、sitthemuseuminstead.A.youhave/willrainB.youwillhave/willrainC.youwillhave/rainsD.willyouhave/rains()18.1reallydontknowifsheitwhenshe.A.finds/arrivesB.finds/willarriveC.willfind/willarriveD.willfind/arrives()19.MissLiusaidshewouldleavethemessageontheheadmaster“sdesk.A.thatB.whereC.whichD.what()20.Hea
17、skedme.A. whowillkickthefirstgoalintheWorldCupB. whenwastheAPECmeetingheldC. whenChinabecameamemberoftheWTOD. wherethe2008OlympicswillbeheldE. 21.Inthebookshop,areaderaskedtheshopkeeperWhoMovedMyCheesewasaninterestingbook.A.thatB.howC.whatD.if()22.Youmustremember.A.whatyourteachersaidB.whatdidyourte
18、achersayC.yourteachersaidwhatD.whathasyourteachersaid()23.1don,ztknow.A.whichroomIcanliveB.whichroomcanIliveC.whichroomIcanliveinD.whichroomcanIlivein()24.-Doyouknowwhenheback?-Sorry,Idont.WhenhebackzIltellyou.A.comes;comesB.comes;willcomeC.willcome;comesD.willcome;willcome()25Thegirlsaskediftheysom
19、efoodanddrinkwiththem.A.tookB.takeC.takesD.willtake()26Marysaidthatshe_toGuangzhou.A.hasnevergoneB.hadnevergoneC.hasneverbeenD.hadneverbeen()27Thestudentswanttoknowwhetherthey_aPEclasstoday.A.hadB.hasC.willhaveD.are()28.Canyoutellme_youwerebornzBetty?A.whoB.whatC.whenD.that()29.1dontknow_theyhavepas
20、sedtheexam.A.whatB.ifC.whenD.where()30.Doyouknowtheylistenedtoyesterdayevening?A.whatBwhenCwhyDhow三、用合适的连接词填空。1. Jimtoldmehedidntgofishingyesterdayafternoon.(howzwhy)2. Doyouknowelseisgoingtobeondutytoday?(whozwhom)3. Shesaiditwouldntmattermuch.(that,if)4. Healwaysthinkshecandobetter.(howzwho)1.1 re
21、allydontknowthebridgewillbefinished.(howlong,howsoon)6. Theydontknowtogoorwait,(ifzwhether)7. WearetalkingaboutweIlgobacktomorrow,(whether,if)8.1wasreallysurprisedatIsaw.(wherezwhat)9.1dontknowsomanypeoplearelookingathim.(howzwhy)10.Doyouknowyouarestudyingfor?(whyzwhat)四、句型转换。1.Doyouwanttotryit?Tom,
22、smotheraskedhim.(同义句)Tomsmotheraskedhimtotryit.2.1thinkthisisagoodidea.(改为否定句)一Ithisagoodidea.3.Lucyhasntdecidedwhichtrouserstobuy.(改为复合句)1.ucyhasntdecidedbuy.4.1dontknowhowIcangettothehospital.(改为简单句)Idontknowtothehospital.5.1 don,tsupposetheywillcomez?(改为反意疑问句)五、用所给动词的正确形式填空。1. Wearesurethathe(go)
23、toschooltomorrow.2. Doyouknowwho(be)thefirstmantowalkonthemoon?3. Couldyoutellmewherethepostoffice(is)?4. Ourfathersaidthathe(will)buyanewcomputer.5.1hearthathe(swim)intheseayesterday.6. Thelittleboytellsuswherehisfather(work).7. Hesaidthathe(finish)hisworkalready.8. Theythoughttheycould(hike)tothet
24、opofthemountain.9. Hewasgladthatsomanypeople(help)him.10. Shedoes,tknowwhether(go)orwait.宾语从句参考答案：、l.thatzwere2.thatztravels3.that,wouldbe4.ifwhethertheycanspeak5.ifwhether,areplaying6.ifwhetherhehadfinishedhis7.howmanypeopleyoucansee8.wheresheparked9.whatheztalked10.whoknockedll.if/whether,lives12.
25、hisnamewas14.ifwhetherzwanted15.ifwhetherzwas二、1一5:DDDBB610:ACDBC1115:CCBAD1620:BCDAC2125:DACCA2630:DCCBA三、l.why2.who3.that4.how5.howsoon6.whether7.whether8.what9.why10.what四、l.if/whetherhewanted2.don,tthinkzis3.whichtrousersshecan4.howtoget5.willthey五、1.willgo2.was3.is4.would5.swam6.works7.hadfinished8.hike9.helped10.togo
