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1、企业文化作为企业的软实力，对企业的发展有着极其重要的作用。企业文化与国家文化有着密不可分的关系。因此国家文化对企业文化产生了深远的影响。娃哈哈作为一家成立不到30年的企业，已经建立了较为健全又不失特色的企业文化，树立了良好的形象。可口可乐公司作为世界性的知名饮料生产商，企业文化内涵非常丰厚。本文的研究方法有定性分析和定量分析两种。定性分析的资料主要来自一些关于可可乐集团和娃哈哈集团的书和论文。定量分析的数据来自2022年到2022年可口可乐和娃哈哈官方网站首页发布的新闻报导。本文发现中美两个饮料企业的文化直接或者间接地体现了本国的文化取向、价值观念、社会规范、思维方式等。最后，作者试图通过两个
2、公司企业文化的深层次研究，揭示中美两国文化深层差异的内涵。关键词：国家文化，企业文化，娃哈哈，可口可乐，文化差异AbstractCorporateculture,asthesoftwareofanenterprise,isofgreatimportanceonthedevelopmentoftheenterprise.Corporateculturehasaninseparablerelationshipwithnationalculture.Therefore,nationalculturalexertsaprofoundinfluenceonthestudyofcorporatecultu
3、re.Wahaha,asanewbeveragecompanylessthan30yearsold,hasbuiltanexcellentanduniquecorporatecultureandestablishedagoodimage.CocaCola,oneofthemostinfluentialbeverageproducersintheworld,hassetupprofoundcorporateculture.Twomajorresearchmethodsareadoptedinthisthesis.Inthequalitativeanalysis,informationiscoll
4、ectedbyreadingbooksandthesesonCocaColaandWahaha.Inthequantitativeanalysis,dataderivesfrompressreleaseswhichwerepublishedfrom2022to2022inCocaColaandWahaha,sofficialwebsites.Thisthesisfoundthatthecorporatecultureofthesetwobeveragecompanesreflectstheculturalorientation,values,socialnorms,andthinkingpat
5、ternsoftwonations.Therefore,thethesisattemptstorevealtheconnotationsofculturaldivergencesbetweenChinaandtheUnitedStatesbyresearchingthecorporatecultureoftwobeveragecompanies.Keywords:NationalCulture,CorporateCulture,CocaCola,Wahaha,CulturalDifferenceContentIntroduction11 StudiesofnationalCtLItUre21.
6、1 TheConceptofCulture21.2 AnOverviewofChlturalOrientationofChinaandUS22 StudiesofCorporateCulture42.1 TheConceptofCorporateQjlture42.2 TheValueofCorporateCulture43 IntroductionofCocaColaandWahaha53 .1CocaCola54 .2Wahaha54 CanparativeStudyofCorporateCulture64.1 Values64.1.1 Wahaha64.1.2 CocaCola64.2
7、.Missions74.2.1 Wahaha74.2.2 Cocacola74.3 PhilosophiesandBeliefs84.3.1 CocaCola84.3.2 Wahaha9Conclusion10Acknowledgments11Bibliography12IntroductionWiththedevelopmentofbusinessmanagementscience,corporateculturehasbecomeoneofthekeyfactorstodeterminethesuccessofcorporations.Corporateculturebegantoente
8、rourcountrysince1984.Mostcorporateculturestudiesfocusedonsuchareasasmanufacturing,high-tech,andconsumergoodsindustries.Alotofbooksandtreatiesfocusoncororations,businessmanagement,butfewofthemfocusontheconstructionofasoundcorporateculture.Itisapitythatfewofthemconcentrateonthestudyoftherelationshipbe
9、tweennationalcultureandcorporatecultureitself.For28years,withthehelpofnfamilyculture*1,Wahahahasbeenimprovingthetechnologylevelandmarketshare.Today,thecompanyhasgainedmarketinitiativeinChina.However,itscounterpartCocaColaCompanyhasbeenoneoftheworldslargestbeveragegiantwiththestrongcompetitivenessbec
10、auseofthelong-termstrategiesguidedbyitsowncorporateculture.Therefore,ononehand,itismeaningfulandnecessarytoinvestigatesomewell-knowncompanies,corporateculture.Ontheotherhand,itisimportanttofindoutthedifferencesbetweentwocorporatecultures.Inconclusion,themotivationsofthisstudyareasfollows.Thisthesisa
11、ttemptstoanalyzecorporateculturesofCocaColaandWahaha.Atthesametime,thethesistriestofindouttheculturaldifferencesoftheircorporateculturesandtoanalyzethedeeprootsoftheseculturaldifferences.1 StudiesofNationalCulture1.1 TheConceptofCultureScholarshaveofferedanumberofdefinitionsofculturefromdifferentper
12、spectives.ButthemostwidelyaccepteddefinitionofcultureisfromHall(1977).AccordingtoHall,Cultureisthetotalaccumulationofbeliefs,customsvalues,behaviors,institutionsandcommunicationpatternsthatareshared,learnedandpasseddownthroughthegenerationsinanidentifiablegroupofpeople.uTherearesomemajorfeaturesofcu
13、lture.Cultureisnotinnate;itislearned.Cultureistransmittedfromgenerationtogeneration.Culturefacetsareinterrelated.Cultureisdynamic.Amongthesefeatures,apredominantfeatureisethnocentrism.ThefeatureofethnocentrismhasplayedagreatroleintheresearchofcorporateculturebetweenCocaColaandWahaha.Corporateculture
14、hasacloserelationshipwithethnocentrism.12AnOverviewofCulturalOrientationofChinaandUS(1) CulturalOrientationofChinaCollectivism:ChinesecultureisatypicalrepresentativeofOrientalcultureandisbasedonConfucianism.InfluencedbytheConfucianandTaoistthought,Chinesepeopleadvocatecollectivismwhichemphasizesther
15、elationshipbetweenpersonandsociety.Collectivismadvocatesakindofspiritthatindividualshouldbesubjectiontosociety,personalinterestsshouldbesubjectiontogroup,ethnicity,classandnationalinterests.High-centralized:CentralizationisthetypicalcharacteristicsofChineseculture.Itmeansdecision-makingauthorityishi
16、ghlyconcentratedonhighlevelsinanorganization.InChina,themajorityofenterprisesareadoptingthewayofhighly-centralized.Forthebossofanorganization,thiswayismorereliable,becauseallthedecisionsaremadeundertheintentionoftheboss.Dependent:Comparedwiththewesterncountries,Chinesearemoredependenttoothers.Forins
17、tant,inchina,manyparentspreparehousesforchildren,findjobsforthemorevenofferfinancialsupporttothemarriedchildren.(2) CulturalOrientationofUSIndividualism:IndividualismisthecoreofAmericansculture.IntheUnitedStates,peoplealwaysworshipdifferentkindsofheroes.EveryheroadmiredbyAmericanshassomerespectableq
18、ualitiesbravery,courage,diligence,honestyandsoon,butallofthemhavesomethingincommon.Democracy:uSeparationofthreepowersisabasicpoliticalsystemofAmerica,whosecoreisthatthelegislative,Executiveandjudicialpowerareinterrelatedandinteractoneachother.Independence:SinceWarofIndependent,Americansfoughtforthei
19、rfreedomandtheirrights,whichlaidafoundationofindependent.Forinstance,Americanusuallylesslikedependonothers,orevenparentshelpalsoisnotwillingtoaccept,andparentsalsoencouragechildrenlefthomeearlyinlifeanddevelopmentindependently.2 StudiesofCorporateCulture2.1 TheConceptofCorporateCultureEnterprisecult
20、ure,sometimesalsocalledorganizationalculture,referstothesharedvalues,altitudes,standards,andbehaviorsofaenterprisesmanagementandemployees.Enterprisecultureisformedinthelong-termoftheventureanddevelopmentprocessamongtheenterprisestaff.Theycultivatethecommongoal,thehighestvaluestandard,basicbeliefsand
21、behavior.Itcontainsaveryrichcontent,includingbusinessphilosophy,valueconcept,thespiritofenterprise,enterprisemorality,groupconsciousness,enterpriseimage,enterprisesystem.Itscoreisthespiritoftheenterpriseandvalues.2.2 TheValueofCorporateCulture(I)CorporateCultureAffectstheEnterprisesLifeCultureisinfo
22、rmal.Butitexisteverywhereandeverytime.Inthedevelopingofanenterprise,thingsinformalaremoreimportantthanthatofformal,assoftwareisusuallymoreimportantthehardware.Thisisnotonlythecharacterofmodemeconomy,butalsotheoutcomeofenterprisecultureseffectinlongtime.Enterprisecultureisthespiritoftheenterprise,ist
23、hepowerthatdrivestheenterprisedeveloping,andisthebestwayfortheenterprisetogetthegrowthofitseconomy.Thedevelopmentneedscultureandtheculturecansupportthedevelopment.Inanycase,therewillbenolongtimedevelopmentwithoutculture,suort.(2) CorporateCultureBuildstheEnterprisesCoreCompetenceEnterprisesshort-ter
24、mprosperitycanbeachievedinmanyways,buttheenterpriselongtimegrowthcanonlycomefromthepoweroftheexcellententerpriseculture,theeffectofsuitablecultureonthedevelopmentandgrowthofenterprisesishuge,becauseithasinfinitedrivingforceonthestaff.Whenagoodenterprisecultureestablishment,itbringsthewisdomofthegrou
25、p,thespiritofcollaboration,andfreshvitality.Itcanuninterruptedlysupplyspiritualpowerfortheenterprise.3 IntroductionofCocaColaandWahaha3.1 CocaColaTheCoca-ColaCompanywasfoundedin1892,whoseheadquarterisinJoeAsiaAtlanta,UnitedStates.Itisknownastheworldslargestbeveragecompany,withglobal48%marketshare.Th
26、eCoca-ColaCompanyhas160kindsofdrinkbrandsin200countries,itoffersincludingSoftdrinks,sportsdrinks,milkdrinks,juices,teaandcoffee.Itisalsotheworld,slargestfruitjuicebeveragedistributorsanditsbrandvaluehassurpassed$70billion,whichmakesCoca-Colacompanybecamethefirstbrandintheworld.Coca-Colawasformedinth
27、eU.S.bytwoAmericanlawyers,theyputforwardaninnovativebusinessmethodthenadoptedbythebossofCoca-ColaCompany.Aftermanyyearsofdevelopment,itgraduallydominatedintheworld.3.2 WahahaWahahaCompanywasestablishedin1987inChina.Itisthefifthlargestfoodandbeveragemanufacturersintheworld.Wahahahasbeenrankedfirstfor
28、11yearsontheChinesebeverageindustryinassetsize,production,sales,revenue,andprofits.Wahahanowhasdevelopedintoacompanycombinedwithproductresearch,productionandsales,dominatedinChinabeverageindustry.WahahaCompanystartedfrom3peoplewhostartedtheirbusinessbyretailingintricycletosellPopsicleandsoftdrinks.I
29、tnotonlyaimstoconsolidateitsleadersocialstatusinbeverageindustry,butalsograduallymarchedtothemilkpowder,themachinery,printing,theretailsalesandcowcultivation;itisachievingmultiplexdevelopmenttosqueezetothetop500intheworld.4 ComparativeStudyofCorporateCulture4.1 Values4.1.1 WahahaThefollowingaretheco
30、ntentsofWahahascorevalues.(1) Cherishjobanddevotewholeheartedlytowork(2)Bepreparedforbothpromotionanddemotion(3) Respectandpromotescience(4) KeepimprovingItisshowninthefirstoneofWahahascorevaluesthattheemployeesshouldcherishtheirworkopportunitiesandmakecontributionstothecompany.Thisvalueindicatesthe
31、groupsenseinChineseculture.Theachievementsmadebytheindividualarenotpersonalsuccessbutthecollectiveaccomplishment.Chinahaslongbeenafamily-runcountry,socollectivismhasbeenfirmlyentrenchedinthesociety.Oncewestarttoworkforacompany,weshouldsacrificeourselvesforthegroup.Thelasttwovaluesshowsthatthebusines
32、sperformanceofthecompanyshouldbebasedonthescienceandtechnologyandneverstopimproving.Withthehelpofhightechnology,thecompanycanobtainmoreprofitsandincreasingeconomicgrowth.4.1.2 CocaColaTheCocaColaCompany,asanorganizationoflongstanding,surelyownsasetoftypicalvalues.Thevaluescanbefoundonthefirmsofficia
33、lwebsite:(1) )Leadership:Thecouragetoshapeabetterfuture(2) Collaboration:Leveragecollectivegenius(3) Integrity:Bereal(4) Accountability:Ifitistobe,itsuptome(5) Passion:Committedinheartandmind(6) Diversity:AsinclusiveasourbrandsQuality:Whatwedo,wedowellAsawhole,thevaluesofCocaColaarelikerequirementsw
34、hichareproposedbythecompanyitself.Leadership,collaboration,integrity,accountability,passion,diversity,quality,theyalldisplaythedeterminationtobearolemodelinthebeverageindustry.Thevaluesdonotmentionwhattheiremployeesshoulddoorhowtheybehave.Allofthesedemandsaredirectedtothecompanyanindividualorganizat
35、ion.Inindividualisticcultures,individualgoalsandmanagementofindividualsareemphasized.CocaCola,ssixvaluesarelikeindividualgoals.Thecompanyshouldmanageitselfbyfollowingthesevalues.4.2 .Missions4.2.1 WahahaInWahaha,sfamilyculture,thecompanysmissionisdefinedasnWahahabringshealthtoeveryone,happinesstoeve
36、ryfamily.Itisobviousthatthecorporationtakefamilyasthepriorityinthemission.InChineseculture,familyisthefundamentalcomponentofthesociety.Chinesepeoplemaintainthattheharmonyofthenationisdeterminedbythehappinessofeachlittlefamily.ToaChinese,collectivegloryisvaluedmorethanindividualinterests.Wahaha,abeve
37、ragecompany,believesthatitsprimaryobligationistobringhealthandhappinesstoconsumers.Aslongasthismissionisaccomplished,thewholecountrywillbeprosperousandharmonious.4.22CocacolaColasmissionincludesthreearticles:(1) Torefreshtheworld.(2) Toinspiremomentsofoptimismandhappiness.(3) Tocreatevalueandmakeadi
38、fference.ThefirstonehasbeenusedasCocaCola,sadvertisingsloganforseveraltimes.Basically,refreshmentisthefunctionofcola.Thismissiondemonstratestheexpansionprojectofthecompany.Actually,CocaColahasbeenexploringanddevelopingtheoverseasmarketsforyears.Thecompanyhassetupmorethan1,200bottlingfactoriesoverthe
39、worldandCocaColaisenjoyedinmorethan200countriesworldwide.Thegoalisambitiousandrisky.Thethirdonetocreatevalueandmakeadifference,explicitlytellsusthatthecompanylongsforauniqueway.InAmericanculture,personalityisvalued.Peopledonotactliketheothers.Makingdifferenceisthegoalthatmostofthecorporationsaimfor.
40、4.3Philosophiesandbeliefs.4.3.1 CocaColaPhilosophyisamacroandabstractconceptwhichconnectedwithexistence.Herewejustdiscussphilosophiesaboutmanagementandmarketing.Wahahasmanagementphilosophyisproposedinthecompanys,familyculture.Thecontentsareasfollows:(1) Tounitelittlefamilies(2) Toimprovethecompany(3
41、) ToservethecountryItcanbedrawnfromthismanagementphilosophythatWahahatakesself-sacrificeasitsfaith.AsasuccessfulChinesecorporation,Wahahanotonlyfocusesonitsownbenefits,butthecountryseconomicdevelopmentaswell.Infact,mostofChinesecompaniesbelievethattheirachievementsarecloselyrelatedtothegovemment,sas
42、sistance.Therefore,theycanrequirethecountry,government,eventhePartyfortheircontinuouscareandconcern.Itiswell-knownthatmanagementplaysanirreplaceableroleinthedevelopmentofacorporation.Perfectmanagementstrategiesmakefulluseoflimitedresources.Wahaha,smanagementphilosophydoesnotpayattentiontothespecific
43、managerialmethodsbutthecontributionforthecountry.Itisobviousthatcollectivismisdeep-rootedinChinesecorporateculture.4.3.2 WahahaComparedwiththeWahahasmarketingphilosophy,CocaColadawnupaverysimpleonenFocusontheMarket*1.Thefollowingarethedetailsofthisphilosophy:(1) Focusonneedsofourconsumers,customersa
44、ndfranchisepartners(2) Getoutintothemarketandlisten,observeandIeam(3) Possessaworldview(4) Focusonexecutioninthemarketplaceeveryday(5) BeinsatiablycuriousFirstofall,thisphilosophyfocusesontheneedsofconsumers,customersandfranchisepartnersnotthecountry.Definitely,marketingisthecorebusinessinthecorpora
45、tion.Consumersandcustomersaretwocrucialelementsinmarketing.CocaColagraspsthekeypointsanddramaticallyexpandthemarketathomeandabroad.Secondly,themarketingphilosophyofCocaColapaysattentiontothechanges.Wecanseeitingetoutintothemarketandlisten,observeandlearnuandfocusonexecutioninthemarketplaceeveryday.E
46、veryday,thetrendsinthemarketplacemustbeconcerned.Thecompanydoesnotactblindly,butlearnfromthecounterparts.ConclusionItcanbeconcludedthatthereareagreatmanydifferencesbetweenCocaColaandWahahascorporatecultures.Firstly,individualismisemphasizedinCocaColascorporateculturewhilecollectivismisvaluedinWahaha
47、rScorporateculture.IndividualismisreflectedbyCocaColascorevaluesandmissions.Wahahasvaluesandmissionsarealsotheindicationofcollectivism.Secondly,CocaColaislowinpowerdistance,whileWahahaishighinpowerdistance.WahahasfounderZongQinghoumakesalmostallthedecisionsinthecompanyBesides,basedontheanalysisofthe
48、qualitativeandquantitativeresearch,itcanbeconcludedthatthecorporateculturesofCocaColaandWahahasharesomesimilarities.Firstly,bothcompaniesarelong-termoriented.Thefoundersandheroesofbothcompaniesarelong-sighted.Theymakefurtherplanningforthecompanies,focusingonbeveragemarketaswellasotherpromisingfields
49、suchasfilmproduction,children,sclothes,etc,becausediversifiedbusinesscanbringmorechancesandbenefitstothecorporations.Secondly,weakuncertaintyavoidanceisvaluedinbothcompanies.ItiswidelyacceptedthattheCocaColaCompanyisoneofthelargestbeverageenterprisesworldwideandtheWahahaGrouprankshighinChinesebeverageindus
