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1、雅思写作指南讲义Contents准备工作1雅思写作概述2小作文小作文评分标准3静态图7动态图M小作文练习20流程图24地图题29附录32大作文大作文评分标准45辩论类题目写作49Report题目写作59极端表达题目写作63附录附录1：大作文题目65附录2：大作文范文76附录3：同意替换和常见词性转换90准备工作答题纸铅箔+橡皮讲义使用写作公众账号写作微博剑桥真题4-14+次课程安排正课练习课1段落安排+开头段写作分手指南用法讲解2支持段带写支持段3让步反驳+结尾+文章整体防跑题指南4四段式+report类带写支持段5混合类*极端类带写长难句6静态图带写酢态图7动态图带写动态图8动静结合带写小作
2、文9流程图+地图带写地图10分话题总结论点60天复习计划+备考注意事项1雅思写作讲义雅思写作概述参考考试用时20min40minat least 250考试内容字数要求at least 150chart小作文大作文小作文评分标准TaskAchievementCoherenceandCohesionLexicalResourceGrammaticalRangeHandAccuracy7coverstherequirementsofthetaskpresentsaclearoverviewofmaintrends,differencesorstages.clearlypresentsandhigh
3、lightskeyfeatures/bulletpointsbutcouldbemorefu11yextendedIlogicallyorganisesinformationandideas;thereisclearprogressionthroughoutusesarangeofcohesivedevicesappropriatelyalthoughtheremaybesomeunder-/over-useusesasufficientrangeOfvocabularytoallowsomeflexibilityandprecisionuseslesscommonlexicalitemswi
4、thsomeawarenessofstyleandcollocationmayproduceoccasionalerrorsinwordchoice,spellingand/orwordformationusesavarietyofcomplexstructuresproducesfrequenterror-freesentenceshasgoodcontrolofgrammarandpunctuationbutmaymakeafewerrors6addressestherequirementsofthetaskpresentsanoverviewwithinformationappropri
5、atelyselectedpresentsandadequatelyhighlightskeyfeatures/bulletpointsbutdetailsRiaybeirrelevant,inappropriateorinaccuratearrangesinformationandideascoherentlyandthereisaclearoverallprogressionusescohesivedeviceseffectively,butcohesionwithinand/orbetweensentencesmaybefaultyormechanicalmaynotalwaysuser
6、eferencingclearlyorappropriatelyusesanadequaterangeofvocabularyforthetaskattemptstouselesscommonvocabularybutwithsomeinaccuracymakessomeerrorsinspellingand/orwordformation,buttheydonotimpedecommunicationusesamixofsimpleandcomplexsentenceformsmakessomeerrorsingrammarandpunctuationbuttheyrarelyreducec
7、ommunicationTaskAchie1JementCoherenceandfhesionLexicalResourceandAccuracy.generallyaddressesthetask;presentsnformationwithusesonlyaimitedrangeoftheformatmaybesomeorganisationusesalimitedstructuresinappropriateinbuttheremaybearangeofvocabulary,attemptsplaceslackbutthisisminimallycomplexsentencesrecou
8、ntdetailsofoveralladequateforthebutthesetendtobemechanicallywithprogressiontasklessaccuratethannoclearoverview;makesmaymakeSimPlesentences5theremaybenoinadequate,noticeableerrorsmaymakedatatosupporttheinaccurateorover-inspellingand/orfrequentdescriptionuseofcohesivewordformationthatgrammaticalerrors
9、presents,butinadequatelycovers,keyfeaturesdevicesmaycausesomeandpunctuation.mayberepetitivebecauseoflackofdifficultyforthereadermaybefaulty;errorscanCaUSeSomedifficultyforthereader/bulletpoints;theremaybeatendencytofocusondetailsIL一，E-referencingandsubstitutioni三g类别1）曲线图，柱状图，饼状图，表格2）流程图3）地图圈准备工作A.理解
10、图表（题目+title）&决定时态C.主要特征D.段落分配、Introduction（题目改写+totalnumber）二、Details（数值、幅度）三、Overview（主婴特征）%ProportionofpopulationHged65andoverJapanSwedenUSA雅总写作讲义开头段写法开头段同义替换graph/chart/figureshow/illustrate/demonstrateproportion/percentagenumber/quantityamount/quantitybetween.and./from.to./fortheyearsthrough-*to
11、tal/overall/collectively电举例1.Thegraphbelowshowstheproportionofthepopulationaged65andoverbetween1940and2040inJapan,SwedenandUSA.(C5T1)答案：Thechartillustratesthepercentageofelderlypeoplefrom1940to2040inthreecountries.2.ThepiechartsbelowshowunitsofelectricityproductionbyfuelsourceinAustraliaandFrancein1
12、980and2000.(C7T4)答案：ThesefourpiechartsdemonstratehowmuchelectricityeachfuelsourceproducedinAustraliaandFranceintwoyearsof1980and200Q.炼习:Thepiechartbelowshowsthemainreasonswhyagriculturallandbecomeslessproductive.(C8T1静态图静态图词汇占据takeup/constitute/occupy/represent/accountfor/makeup分数的表达threefifths/thre
13、eoutoffive(60%)50%-alarge(major/considerable/substantial/overwhelming/dominant)POrtion(share/proportion/percentage)30%marginal(unoticedminimal)Part其他词语:intermsof,onthepartof1forcertaininterestingly静态图五大句型1.Thepercentageofmoneyonrentaccountsforabout50%.2.60%ofmoneyisspentonrent,3.Thereis60%ofmoneyspe
14、ntonrent.4.60%ofmoneyisduetorent.5.比较句型注意事项：1.2.3.AismorethanBAstwiceasmany/muchasB.=AistwicemorethanB.(lessthan)静态句型造句陈习What(heelectridtyIsusedfo62.5%17515%16%Heatingrooms,heatingwaterOvens,keh,washingmachines1.ighting.TV,radhoVacuumcleaners,foodmIxers,electrictods数字的表达方法1.主谓宾，with/at+数字.2.主谓宾，数字.3
15、.主谓宾（数字）.4主谓真，WhiChi/数字.5.in年份，sthstandsat数字.数字修饰词about,around,almost,approximately,nearly,just,only静态图写作方法：Therearecategoriesinvolvedinthechart.Thelargestpartis,WhiChaccountsfor%/单位andthesecondlargestoneisconstituting_%/单位,followedbyand（%/单位and%/单位respectively）.%/单位and_%/单位aredueto一and_.Thepiechart
16、belowsltawsthejniresoftswhyugneulturallandbecomeslessproductive.(8-1)Causesofworldwidelanddegradationother65%ofdegradationiscausedbytoomuchanimalgrazingandtreeclearance,constituting35%od30%respectively.Afurther28%ofglobaldegradationIsduetoover-cultivationofcrops,Othercausesaccountforonly7%collecfvel
17、y.Thechartbelowshowsthediffercutlevelsofpost*schoolqualifications加Attsfraliaandtheprtot,tioofmen(uuliroitteiiwhoIieklfhelitr/r/999*(4-5)lloUchoul nlirtio in uIh1i* according to gender 1999 Females MH1 es静态男女对比图的写法:Thebiggestgenderdifferencewasatthelowestpost-schoollevelwhere90%ofthosewhoheldQskilled
18、vocationaldiplomaweremen,comparedwithonly10%ofwomenBycontrast,morwomenheldundergraduatediplomo(70%)andmarginallymorewomenreachedbachelortsdegreeIeve1(55%).Atthehigherlevelsofeducation,menwithpostgraduatediplomasclearlyoutnumberedthekfemalecounterparts(70%and30%jrespectively,andalsoconstituted60%Ofma
19、stersgraduates.静态表格图写法：ThetablebelowgivesinformationaboutheuIidergroiuidrailwaysystems/sixciiesUndergroundRailwaySystemsCityDateopenedKilometresofroutePassengersperyear(inmillions)LOndo口1863394775Paris19001991191Tokyo期71551927WashingtonDC1976126144Kyoto19811145LosAngeles20012850Thegiventableshowsthe
20、detailsconcerningtheundergroundrailwaysystemslsixcities.1.ondonhastheoldestundergroundtailwoysystemamongthesixcftles,openedintheyear1863,whilethetubeInLosAngelesdidnotserveitscitizensuntiltheyear2001,Paris.Tokyo.WashingtonDCtandKyotoallopenedIhekrailwaysystemsin20centuryOnthepartofthesizeOftherailwa
21、ysystems,London,aspredicted,hasthelargestundergrounddramatic/ally,exponentiallylConsiderable/y小幅度：moderatelygraduallylsteadyilytgentle/y,slightlyrslow/ly动态图五大句型1.adv.+v.Thebirdspopulationdecreasedgraduallytoabout105millionin1989.2.adj.+.Thebirdspopulationshowedatrendofgradualdecreasefrom105millionin
22、1989to98millionin1995.3.被动句：Asharpincreaseto21%wasfoundinthepercentageofelderlypeoplefrom1990to2000.4.横坐标：Theperiodbetween1990and2000witnessed/saw/experiencedasharpincreaseinthepercentageofelderlypeoplefrom5%to21%.5.Therebe:Thereisasharpincreaseinthepercentageofelderlypeople.动态图描述方法点1.起、终点2.极值点3.交叉点
23、面L范国法Z平均值分类1.类比also;similarly;asametrendwithsth./alsobut.2.反比日contradictory(coverseupsetopposite)trend;while；whereas;ontheotherhand;onthecontrary;incontrast；conversely,incomparisonto交叉点的描述方法1.In年份，AandBarethesame.ZIn年份，AovertakesB.7力XruPhhetowshowsthecountiofiUfmh“somedifferentkindsofmeat加aEunipcanc
24、ountryhewec199“d2J.,72)*XM Jad UoSJX U SIUEJOThegraphillustrateschangesintheamountsofbeef,lamb,chickenandfishconsumedinQparticularEuropcountryfrom1979to2004.In1979beefwasbyfarthemostpopularofthesefoods,withabout225gramsconsumedPefpersonperweekLambandchickenwereeateninsimilarquantities(round150grams)
25、,whilemuchlessfishwasconsumed(justover50grams).However,duringthis25-yearperiodtheconsumptionofbeefandlambfelldromaticallytoapproximately100gramsand55gramsrespectively.Theconsumptionoffishalsodeclined,butmuchlesssignificantlytojustbelow50grams,soalthoughitremainedIbeleastpopularfood,consumptionlevelw
26、asthemoststable.Theconsumptionofchicken,ontheotherhod,showedanupwardtrend,overtakingthatoflambin1980andthatofbeefin1989.By2004ithadsoaredtoalmost250gramsperpersonperweek.Overall,thegraphshowshowtheconsumptionofchickenincreaseddramaticallywhilethepopularityoftheseotherfoodsdecreasedovertheperiod.30-3
27、940 4 9over 49 For career For nereslEmployer support, by Hge groupThechartbelowshowsthemainrea0nsfarstudyamongstuletsofdifferentagegroupsand，“*“ojsupporttheyreceivedfromemployers.(52)ReasonsforStUdyaccordingtoageofstudentWiththegrowthinQgathereisgradualdeclineinthepercentageofstudentswhostudyforcare
28、er,whileIheproportionofthosewhostudyforInterestrisessteadily.Forpeopleunder26years,thepercentageofstudentswhostudyfortheircareer落about8timesaslargeasthatofthosewhostudyIorinterest(80%and10%respectively).Thenumbersof40-49yearsstudentswhostudyforcareerandinterestarethesame.Whenpeopleareover49yearsold.
29、70%ofstudentsstudyforinterestwhereasthosestudyingforcareeraccount(orapproximately18%ofall.Thethreepiechartsbelowshtrwthechangeshin。/fcn市NgbyaparticularUKschaout/98tIWland200L(8-2)Total School Spending 1981Total School Spending 1991TotalSchoolSpending2001ThechartsshowhowmuchQUKschoolspentondifferentr
30、unningcostsInthreeseparateyeors:198L1991and21.Inallthreeyears,thegreatestexpenditurewasonstaffsalaries.Butwhileotherworkerssalariessawafallfrom28%in1981toonly15%Ofspendingin2001,teacherspayremainedthebiggestcost,reaching50%oftotalspendingin1991andendingQl45%in2001,Expenditureoresourcessuchasbookshad
31、increasedto20%by1991beforedecreasingtoonly9%bytheendOftheperiod.Incontrastthecostoffurnitureondequipmentsawonoppositetrend.Thiscostdecreasedtoonly5%oftotalexpenditureIn1991butrosedramaticallyIn2001whenitrepresented23%oftheschoolbudgetSimilarlythecostofinsurancesawarisingtrend,growingfromonly2%to8%by
32、2001.Overall,teacherssalariesconstitutedthelargestcosttotheschoolandWhlIespendingincreaseddramcilcallyforequipmentandinsurancetherewerecorrespondingdropsinexpenditureonthingssuchasbksandonotherworkers*salaries.数据图总结小作文练习练习一(4-2)Ihwshouldspendabout20mhufesonthistask.ThegraphMowshowthedemtidforelectri
33、cityinEiiglunildttrigtypicaldays/wifkmidsummer.ThepicchartHr”*howeteefrieifyistied，averseEngtiahhofetSiifiitHtiihetheWHr皿沁bysetecfitatulJjw7itheftaitJeitlitres,“/MiwArcoiuhi11oiiwherereleUHt.HnieatIviist/5。words.What the electricity Is used for呢6% Heating rooms, hratig water17.6% Ovel kttlal washing
34、 machines16UghMngt TV, rdlo1Vacuum cleaners, food mkers, elecUic 1oos域习二(4-4)Kms!untld期，about20IHiiHitesQnthisftsli.ThechartsbelowgiveIHfonnutktHabouttravelrdfromtheUK,andaIwntthewwvfIUPpNETcountriesforUKreihnls依心阻hriutiarixetheitjtti(wbyselerifSMenrtigthemainfeaturesantitnnkeciHitpHiiso/iswherefele
35、va/.Writeatleast/50ipW.VisitstoandfromtheUKOoO 5 4 3SuO-=EVisits to and from the UKvisitsabroadbyUKresidentsvisitstotheUKbyoverseasresidentsMost popular countries visited by UK residents 1999millions of UK visitorsMostpopularcountriesvisitedbyUKresidents1999练习三6-4)bwShiHtldspend血20minutes“thistask.T
36、hechartsbelowgiveinformationaboutUSAtnarriageantidivorceFateFbetween1970and200t),andthemaritalstatusofadultAtiiericansintwooftheyears.Sutnnturhef%eIiififrniationbyselectinganilreportitg(hemainJeaturesyandmake(rnparisnswhererelevaf.WriteatleastISOwords.NumberofmiirrhigesanddivorcesintheUSA,1970-2000M
37、aritalstatusOfadultAmericans,1970and2000SPBjo*u3=aN工炼习四(7-3)Youshouldspendabout20nhn(es。thistask.Thechartbelowshowsinfo门aiiaboutchtujesiaicrajehousepricesifivedifferentcitiesbetween1990anti2002comparedwiththeaveragehonepriceshi99.Summarisetheinformationbyselectingandreportingthemainfeatures.“dmakeco
38、mparisonswhererelevant.Writeatleast150words.Percentagechangeinaveragehousepricesinfivecities1990-2002comparedwith198919901995averageNewYork(USA)Madrid(Spain)ISTokyo(Japan)Frankfurl(Germany)ESLondon(UK流程图话题范啸生产类繁衍类特点1.2.动作词汇gather/collect/accumulatesend/transport/deliver/carry/conveywash/cleansort/gr
39、oup/classify/categorize/divide/separateheat/bum/lightmelt/dissolveadd/mixput/place/lay/pourproduce/manufactureexpandbendturn/switchoff/oup/downcooldownconnect/disconnectform/comeintobeigtakeshapespin/rotate/turnreflectrecordprocesswind/unwindfold/unfoldadapt/adjusttofadereplacetransform/alterswapshrinkevaporatebemadeupof组成bemadeof由制成bemadefrom由制成feedonrele
