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1、Questionsl10arebasedonthefollowingpassage.ThispassageisadaptedfromAmyTan.TheBonesettersDoughtci:02001byAmyTan.AtlasOldWidowLauwasdonehagglingwiththedriverandwesteppedinsideFathersshop.ItwasnortFrfocingquitediminside,andperhapsthiswaswhyFatherdidnotseeusatfirstHewasbusywitha5customer;amanwhowasdistin
2、guished-lookinglikethescholarsoftwodecadesbefcreThetwomenwerebentoveraglasscase,discussingthedifferentqualitiesofinksticksBigUnclewelcomedusandinvitedUSbeseatedFromhisformaltoneIknewhe10didnotrecognizewewereSoIcalledhis11cimeinashyvoiceAndhesquintedatme,thenlaughedandannouncedourarrivaltoLittleUncle
3、,whoapologizedmanytimesfornotrushingoversoonertogreetusTheyrushedustobeseatedatoneoftwotea15tablesforcustomersOldWidowLaurefusedtheirinvitationthreetimes,exclaimingthatmyfatherandunclesmustbetoobusyforvisitorsShemadeweakeffortstoleave.OnthefourthinsistencewefinallyScitThenLittleUnclebroughtushotteaa
4、ndsweet20OrangQSaswellasbamboolatticeworkfanswithwhichtoclourselvesItriedtonoticeeverythngsoIcouldlatertellGaoLingwhatIhadseen,andteaseoutherenvy.Theflocrsoftheshopwereofdarkwoodpolishedand25clean,nodirtyftaints,eventhoughthiswasduringthedustiestpartofthesummenAndalongthewallsweredi弟Iaycasesmadeofwo
5、odandglassTheglasswasveryshinyandnotonePanewasbrokenWithinthoseglasscaseswereoursilk-30wrappedboxes,allourhardworkTheyIoOkedsomuchnicerthantheyhadintheink-makingstudioatImmortalHeartvillageIsawthatFatherhadopenedseveraloftheboxesHesetsticksandcakesandothershapesona35silkclothverigaglasscasethatserve
6、dasatableonwhichheandthecustomerleanedFirsthepointedtoastickwithatopShaPedlikeafairyboatandSaidwithgracefulimportance/*YOUrWritingwillflowassmoothlyasakeelcuttingthroughaglassylake.三40Hepickedupabirdshape:”Yourmindwillsoarintothecloudsofhigherthought.Hewavedtowardarowofinkcakesembellishedwithdesigns
7、ofpniesandbamboo:”Yourledgerswillblossomintoabundancewhilebamboosuoundsyourquiet；45mind.”Ashesaidthis;PreciousAuntiecamebackintomindIwsrmemberinghowshetaughtmethateverythingevenink,hadapurposeandameaning:Goodinkcannotbethequickkindrdytopouroutof三50abottleYoucanneverbeanartistifyourworkcomeswithoutef
8、fortThatistheproblemofmoderninkfromabottleYoudonothavetothinkYousimplywritewhatisswimmingonthetopofyourbrainAndthetopisnothingbutpondscum,deadleavesandmosquito：55spawn.ButwhenyoupushaninkstickalonganinkstoneyoutakethefirststeptocleansingyourmindandyourheartYoupushandyouaskyourselfWhataremyintentions
9、?Whatisinmyheartthatmatchesmymind?:60IrememberedIhiSandyetthatdayintheinkShonIlistenedtowhatFatherwasSayingandhiswordsbecametarmoreimportantthananythingPreciousAuntichadthought.*tLookhcC.,Fathcrsaidtohiscustomer,and1looked.Heheldupaninkstick；65androtateditinthelight.See?It,stherighthue,purple-black,
10、notbrownorgrayliketheCheaPbndsyoumightfinddownthestreet.Andlistentothis.AndIheadasoundascleanandpareasasmallsilverbellttThehigh-pitchedtonetellsyouthatthestisvery：70fine；assmoothastheslidingbanksofoldriversAndthescentcanyousmellthebalanceofstrengthanddelicacy,themusicalnotesoftheink,sperftme?Expensi
11、ve,andeveryonewhoSeeSyouusingitwillknowthatitwaswellworththehighprice.”三75IwasveryproudtohearFatherspeakofOUrfamilysinkthisway.4Whichchoicebestsummarizesthepassage?A)B)C)Acharacter*sarrivalatherfamily,sinkshopsparksfondmemoriesofherfevoriteauntAcharacterssurprisevisitleadstoahappyreunionatherfamily,
12、sinkshop,AcharactercomestounderstandherfathersD)ambitionswhilevisitingherfamilysinkshopAcharactersvisittoherfamilySinkshopdeepensherappreciationOfher输nilyswork.ItcanbemostreasonablyinferredfromthepassagethatOldWidowLau,sreluctancetostayforteaisA)feigned,becausesheisnotgenuinelyfirminherresolIreB)Inc
13、onsideratebecausethefamilyhasbeenplanninghe*visitC)appropriatebecausetheshopisunusuallybusD)ill-advised,becausesheisexhaustedftmthejourney.25A)B)C)D)Amainthemeofthepassageisthatfamilyrelationshipsshouldbenurtured,qualityisachievedthroughdeliberateeftthardWOrkresultsinmaterialcompensationcreativityne
14、edstobeexpressedconcretely;WhichchoiceprovidesthebestevidencefortheanswertothePreVioIlSquestion?A)Lines14(“Atlast.first:)B)Lines1115(、ndhe.customers,)C)lines15-18(uOId.leave,)D)lines1921(4Then.ourselves,)3A)B)C)D)ThroughoutthePaSSagethenarratorisportrayedassomeonewhoisreservedaroundunfamiliarpeopleA
15、ttunedtoherimmediatesurroundings.sympathetictotheneedsofothers.anxiousaboutherresponsibilities6ThenarratorindicatesthatthecontrastbetweeninkmakingstudioatTmmortaIHeartriIlageandthefamilysinkshopisthattheinkshopA)displaysthefamilySinkmoreimpressivelyB)ismorenvenientlylocatedf(rthepublicC)providesgrea
16、terindividualattentiontoitscustomersD)offersalargerspacefcrPresentingprofessionalitems.E)IfyouneedanswersofthistespleasentactwechatRangkanglaoshiBasedontheartisticphilosophyexpressedinthefourthparagiaphQines4659),itisreasonabletoinferthatPreciousAuntiewouldconsiderahastyWrittenfirstdraftofastorytobe
17、A)Emotionallyrawandpowerful：B)CreativelysatisfyingfortheauthorC)EssentiallyworthlessinandofitselfD)InappropriatelyanalyticalforapieceofartWhichchoiceprovidesthebestevidencefortheanswertothePreViOUSquestion?A)Lines4M8(i4Ashe.,.meaning)；B)Lines4950(GoOdbottle”)：C)Lines5255(YOUSimPlySPaWn)D)Lines5759(Y
18、OUPuShmind)Asusedinline59,matchesmostnearlymeansA)competesagaistB)correspondswithC)runscountertD)treatsequallyAsusedinline6&“clean”mostnearlymeansA)completeB)SkillfuLC)distinctD)urightQuestionsll20arebasedonthefollowingpassageandsupplementarymateriaLThispassageisadaptedfrom”HowtheWebAffectsMemory.Q2
19、011byHarvardMagazineInc.SearchengineshavechangedthewayweusetheInternet,puttingvastsourcesofinformationjstafewclicksaway.ButHarvardprofessorofpsychologyDanielWegner,srecentresearchprovesthat5websitesandtheInternetarechangingmuchmorethemtechnologyitselfTheyarechangingthewayourmemoriesfunctionWegnersla
20、teststudy,tiGoogleEffectsonMemory：CognitiveConsequencesofHaving10InformationatOurFingertips,showsthatwhenpeoplehaveaccesstosearchenginestheyrememberfewerfhctsandlessinformationbecausetheyknowtheycanrelyonsearchasareadilyavailableshortcut15Wegner;theseniorauthorofIhestudy,believesthenewndingsshowIhal
21、theInternethasbecomepailOfatransactivememorysourceamethodbywhichourbrainsCompcirtmentcilizeinformation.FirsthypothesizedbyWegnerin1985transactivememory20existsinmanyforms,aswhenahusbandreliesonhiswifetorememberarelativesbirthday.44Itisthiswholenetworkofmemorywhereyoudonthavetoremembereverythinginthe
22、worldyourself/hesays.4*Youjusthavetorememberwhoknowsit.Now25computersandtechnologyaswellarebecomingvirtualextensionsofourmeraorTheideavalidateshabitsalreadyfarminginour*dailylivesCellphoneshavebecometheprimarylocationforphonenumbers.GPSdevicesincarsremovetheneedtomemorize30directionsWegnerpointsoutt
23、hatweneverhavetostretchOUrmemoriestoofartorememberthenamed*anobscuremovieactorBthecapitalofKyrgyzstcinwejusttypeourquestionsintoGoogle.44Webecomepart35oftheInternetinaway,”hesays.WebecomepartofthesystemandWeenduptrustingit.WorkingwithresearchersBetsySparrowofColumbiaUniversityandJennyLiuoftheUDivers
24、ityofWjsconsirrMadison,Wegnerconductedfour三40experimentstodemonstratethephenomenon,usingvariousfcrmsofmemoryrecalltotestrelianceonCOmPUtInIhefirstexperiment,participantsdemonstratedthattheywereraorelikelytothinkofcomputertermsIikeYahooorGoogleafterbeing：45askedasetofdifficulttriviaquestionsIntwoothe
25、r:experimentsparticipantswereaskedtotypeacollectionofreadilymemorablestatementssuchasAnostrich,seyeisbiggerthanitsbrain.Halfthesubjectsweretoldthattheirworkwouldbesavedtoa:50computer;theotherhalfwereinformedthatthestatementswouldbeesedInsubsequentmemorytestingparticipantswhoweretoldtheirworkwouldnot
26、besavedwerebestatrecallingthestatementsInafourthexperiment,participantstypedintoa：55computerstatementstheyweretoldwouldbesavedinspecificfoldersGfyouneedanswersofthistest,pleasecontactwechatkangkanglaoshi)Next,theywereaskedtorecallthestatementsFinalltheyweregivenCUeStothewordingandaskedtonamethefolde
27、rs：60wherethestatementswerestoredTheParticiPantSprovedbetterabletorecallthefolderlocationsthanthestatementsthemselvesWegnerconcedesthatquestionsremainaboutwhetherdependenceoncomputersWiiIaffect：65memoriesnegatively:tkNobodyknowsnowwhattheeffectsareofthesetoolsonlogicalthinking.,Studentswhohavetroubl
28、eIvmemberingdistinctfactIbrexamplemaystruggletoemploythosefactsincriticalthinkingButhebelievesthatthesituationoveiallis:70beneficial,likeningdependenceoncomputerstodependenceonamechanicalhandorotherprostheticdeviceAndeventhoughwemaynotbetaxingOUrmemoriestorecalldistinctfhctwearestillusing：75themtoco
29、nsiderwherethefactsarelocatedandhowtoaccessthem.*Westillhavetorememberthings,Wegnerexplains.Werejustrememberingadifferentrangeofthings/*Hebelieveshisstudywillleadtofurthresearchintounderstandingcomputer：80dependence,andlooksforwardtotracingtheextentofhumaninterdependencewiththecomputerworld：pinpoint
30、ingthemovabledividinglinebetweenusandourcomputersincybernetworks/ResultofExperiment4:MemoryOfStatementsandFolderLocationAdapted from Betsy Sparrow et al. zfGoogIe Effects on Memory: Cognitive Consequences of Having Information at Our Fingertips.,t 2011 by American Association for the Advancement of
31、Science.The main purpose of the PaSsage is toA) describe a series of experiments on the way12technology interferes With critical thinking-B) assert, that people have become overly dependent on computers for staring informationC) discuss the idea that hunans, capacity far memory is much weaker than i
32、t once was.D) share the findings Of a study examining theeffect of computer use on memory IPCaIIW hich choice best supports the idea that reliance on computers does not necessarily diminish human,s ability of memory?A)Lines 36(BUt Harvard.itself)B)Lines 31-33(uWegner.KyrgyzstanM)C)Lines 66-68(t4Stud
33、cnts. hinking,D)Lines 7275(And even.them)1316In context, the reference to remembering a relatives birthday mainly SerVeS toA) show that people who are closely related tend to have shared memoriesB) demonstrate how people iitiJly developed external sources of me mory;C) emphasize the effectiveness an
34、d accuracy of transactive memory sourcesD) illustrate the concept of a Iiansactive mem ory source using a familiar situationThe discussion of the experiments suggests that people ate inclined to think of specific information sources in response to beingA) required to me morize delays that WilI Ihen
35、be made inaccessibleB) directed to develop a system for OTganizingand saving contentC) asked to provide facts that are not alreadyfa miliar to them.D) prompted to identify terms relt enough information to deter mi net he cause of the results far those PartieipantSQuestons2130arebasedonthefollowingpa
36、ssageandsupplementarymaterialThispassageisadaptedfromMarleneZUkPoleofontovy.WhatEvolutionReallyTellsUsaboutsex,diet,andHowWeLive.2013byRangkanglsohiAfemaleguppycanbesexuallymatureattwomonthsofageandhaveherfirstbabiesjustamonthlata:ThisunstintingrateofreproductionSakeSguppiesideallysuitedforstudyingt
37、herateof：25evolutionc11dDavidReznick,abiologistatUCRiVersidehasbeendoingexactlythatforthelastfew：decadesPeopleUSuanythinkofguppiesascolorfulaquaiutnfish,buttheyalsohavealifeinthereal：30WOrldinhabitingStrefimsandriversintropicalplaces:likeTrinidad,whereReznickhasdonehisfieldwork.Guppiescanexperienced
38、ifferentkindsofnditionsdependingontheluckofthedraw.Aluckyguppyisbornaboveawaterfallorasd.of：35rapidswhichkeepouttheFredatQryfishcalledpikecichlidsfoundincalmerdownstreamwaters.Asyoumightexpect,theguppymortalityratethatitheproportionofindividualsthatdieismuchhigheristhesiteswithIherapaciouscichlidsth
39、aninthose：40withoutthem.ReznickhasshownthatifyoubringthefishintotheIcibandletthembreedthertheguppiesfromthesitesWithmanyPredatOrSbecomeSeXUaIIymaturewhentheyareyoungerandsmallerthando：45theguppiesfromthepredator-freesitesInadditiontheIitterSofbabyguppiesproducedbymothersfrom,thehighiskstreamsarelarg
40、e;buteachindividualbabyissmallerthanthoseproducedbytheircounterpartsThedisparitymakessensebecauseif；50youareatriskofbeingeaten,beingabletohavebabiessooner,andspreadingyourenergyreservesoveraltofthem,makesitmorelikelythatyouwillmanagetopassonsomeofyourgenesbeforeyou：meetyourfateReznickandotherscienti
41、stsalso：55demOnstratedthatthesetitsarecontrolledbytheguppiesgenes,notbytheenvironmeritinwhichtheygrowUpLHowquicklIhough,couldthesedifferencesinhowthetwokindsofguppieslivedtheirliveshave：6040evolved?BecausetherearenumeroustributariesofthestreamsinTrinidad,withguppieslivinginsomebutnotallofthem,Reznic
42、krealizedthathecoulasheputitina2008paper,*4treatstreamslikegianttesttubesbyintroducingguppiesorpredatorsMtoplace：65theyhadnotOriginaIIyoccurreandthenwatchasnaturalselectionactedontheguppiesThiskindofimL-worldmanipulationofnatureiscalleduCxperimenta1evolution.anditisgrowing,increasinglyPoPUIararnongs
43、cientistsworkingwith70organismsthatreproducequicklyenoughforhumanstobeabletoseetheoutcomewithinourlifetimes.AlongwithhisstudentsandcolIeagUeSRcznickremovedgroupsofguppiesfromtheirpredatorriddenlivesbelowtheWaterf11andIPIeaSedtheminto75preriOiislyguppyeestreamsabovethefallsAlthoughsmallPredatarykillifishoccurredinthesenewsitesthesefishdonotposeanythingcloset
