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1、,空肠造瘘管的护理,Nursing Care of Jejunal Fistula,适 应 症,造瘘管护理,并发症及护理,Adaption,Ostomy care,Complications and nursing care,The second hospital of Hebei Medical University,1 适 应 症,适应人群,1.幽门梗阻,十二指肠瘘,胃肠吻合口瘘,营养不良者。,2.食管狭窄,不能进食,全身营养不良,而狭窄又不能用手术解除者。,3.胰头、壶腹癌致梗阻性黄疸,无法施行切除术,行胆道内引流术又无条件时,胆汁可经胆道外引流,再自空肠造瘘返入肠腔。,4.急性重型胰腺
2、炎术后估计短期内不能进食,可经空肠造瘘补充营养。,The second hospital of Hebei Medical University,Adaption,2 造瘘管护理,The second hospital of Hebei Medical University,Ostomy care,2 造瘘管护理,2 观察指标,治疗期间每日常规监测生命体征。观察胃肠道功能恢复情况并记录肛门排气时间有无恶心、呕吐、腹胀、腹痛、腹泻等消化道不良症状。观察有无术后并发症发生切口感染、吻合口瘘、肺部感染等。定期监测血电解质、血糖、体重等并记录。,The second hospital of Hebei
3、 Medical University,Ostomy care,2 造瘘管护理,The second hospital of Hebei Medical University,Ostomy care,2 造瘘管护理,The second hospital of Hebei Medical University,Ostomy care,2 造瘘管护理,The second hospital of Hebei Medical University,Ostomy care,2 造瘘管护理,The second hospital of Hebei Medical University,Ostomy c
4、are,3 并发症及护理,1 腹 泻,原因为灌注过多引起消化不良;营养液温度过低或速度过快;刺激肠蠕动加快引起腹泻;长期应用抗生素导致菌群失调;输入营养浓度过高导致肠内呈高渗状态。我们应该对腹泻的原因作出评估,根据情况对症处理:如营养液输注量由少到多,浓度适当稀释,速度由慢到快,温度37-40度减少胃肠不适促进肠内血运的流速,菌群失调时给与双歧因子的药物,均无效时应暂停肠内营养。,The second hospital of Hebei Medical University,Complications and nursing care,3 并发症及护理,2 腹 痛,由于营养液直接进入空肠,刺激
5、肠道引起肠痉挛引起腹痛,或是滴入速度过快导致。如果出现腹痛应分析原因适当减慢速度或停止滴入,给予热敷,必要时应用解痉剂,腹痛缓解后逐渐恢复滴入。,The second hospital of Hebei Medical University,Complications and nursing care,3 并发症及护理,3 腹 胀,滴入速度过快,短时间内输入过多导致肠内负荷过重,刺激腹壁神经丛可导致腹胀;卧床时间长,肠蠕动减慢引起。应当观察腹胀变化,听取患者主诉,听诊肠鸣音情况,适当热敷,变换体位,并请允许鼓励患者多活动,促进肠蠕动。,The second hospital of Hebei
6、Medical University,Complications and nursing care,3 并发症及护理,4 营养管堵塞,由于管细,营养液溶度高,黏度大,速度慢等原因,使营养液黏附于管壁可堵塞营养管。每次注入前后用50ml温开水冲洗管道,The second hospital of Hebei Medical University,Complications and nursing care,3 并发症及护理,5 感 染,肠内压力升高或滴速过快,可使营养液从造瘘口渗出,引起造瘘管口红肿发炎.我们要经常观察造瘘管敷料及周围皮肤,及时去除原因予更换。操作中注意无菌技术。,The sec
7、ond hospital of Hebei Medical University,Complications and nursing care,3 并发症及护理,6 代谢并发症,营养液中均含有足够量的电解质以满足钠、钾、钙、及磷的日常需要,但营养不良或严重疾病状态往往对钾需要较高。准确记录出入量,定时进行生化、电解质测定、及时纠正水。电解质紊乱,出现低血钾时即使静脉补充。血糖紊乱由于胰腺患者胰岛功能不全,出现高糖血症,需应用胰岛素治疗,患者进食及营养液输入量和速度的影响,可导致血糖紊乱。,The second hospital of Hebei Medical University,Complications and nursing care,谢 谢,The second hospital of Hebei Medical University,