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1、Gynecological Surgical Procedures 1、Ectopic pregnancy 宫外孕2、Endometriosis 子宫内膜异位3、Ectopic pregnancy 宫外孕4、Salpingo-oophorectomy 输卵管卵巢切除术5、Endoscopic uterine procedures 腔镜下子宫手术 Endoscopic organ preserving operations on the adnexa 腔镜下保留器官的附件手术 Endoscopic nonorgan preserving operations on the adnexa 腔镜下不
2、保留器官的附件手术6、Total abdominal hysterectomy(TAH)全腹部子宫切除术7、Laparoscopically assisted vaginal hysterectomy(LAVH)腔镜下经阴子 宫切除术 LAVH without BSO 非BSO的LAVH LAVH with BSO BSO的LAVH 8、Laparoscopic bladder neck suspension 腔镜下膀胱颈悬吊术,Anatomy 解剖,Female Pelvic Viscera 女性盆腔内脏器(right lateral view),Female Pelvic Viscera(
3、superior view),Female Pelvic Viscera(superior view),Female Reproductive Organs and Ligaments女性生殖器官和韧带(anterior view),Female Pelvis 女性盆腔(laparoscopic and superior view),Endometriosis 子宫内膜异位,异位的子宫内膜是在腹腔中的子宫内膜组织,包括在子宫侧壁,卵巢,肠,或者腹腔外区域。在月经期间,由于携带正常的子宫内膜组织,异位区域的子宫内膜会出血。这将导致炎症,粘连,组织增厚和相关的疼痛与不适。子宫内膜异位由于会产生粘连
4、和慢性盆腔炎等基本,所以被认为是引起不孕的原因之一。内科使用节育药物和怀孕来治疗。,Endometriosis 子宫内膜异位,外科手术可在开放和腔镜条件下进行。手术的目的是要去除尽可能多的子宫内膜异位病灶。内膜植入片,如果比较表浅的,可以用电凝针尖凝住如果内膜植入片形成比较深的结节我们称作“巧克力囊肿”,是需要摘除的。切开卵巢内壁和巧克力囊肿,因为它看上去像棕色的巧克力,可以用腔镜下电凝和微型剪切除。偶尔的内膜植入片在直肠子宫间隙被发现。将Douglas袋穿过阴道壁,同时用盆腔镜来观察,结节可以经阴切除,Ectopic Pregnancy 宫外孕,宫外孕是指受精卵在子宫外着床。宫外孕的症状很多
5、。典型下腹部三次阵痛,反常的月经周期并且不到半数的病人会遇到附件聚集。如果病人表现出外科手术腹部征兆,如清晰的内腹部大出血,明显需要做开放手术。如果诊断不明,可以使用腔镜下手术。,Salpingo-oophorectomy 输卵管卵巢切除术,输卵管卵巢切除术指切除输卵管和同侧的卵巢。附件的混乱需要手术的情况有盆腔炎症,生殖系统结核,内膜异位,宫外孕,附件扭转和良性或恶性的伤害。,Endoscopic Uterine Procedures 腔镜下子宫手术,Endoscopic Organ Preserving Operations on the Adnexa腔镜下保留器官的附件手术输卵管伞粘连分
6、解术、卵巢囊肿摘除术、卵巢粘连分解术、卵巢囊肿穿刺术Endoscopic Nonorgan Preserving Operations on the Adnexa腔镜下不保留器官的附件手术保守的宫外孕手术、输卵管杀菌、卵巢切除术、输卵管切除术、输卵管卵巢切除术,Total Abdominal Hysterectomy 全腹子宫切除术,TAH是一种切除子宫的开放式手术。这个手术不切除附件(卵巢和输卵管)。接下来的手术步骤为需要切断的子宫和盆腔壁附着的结构。切除的顺序某些医生会有所不同,但是这些结构必须被切除或离断才能完成手术。1、作切口、手术部位暴露 2、离断阔韧带 3、膀胱翼的建立 4、子宫动
7、脉的接扎和分离 5、宫骶骨韧带的分离 5、施阴道切开术,Laparoscopically Assisted Hysterectomy腔镜下子宫切除术,Laparoscopically Assisted Hysterectomy,LAVH without BSO,Patient positioned 病人体位Pneumoperitoneum established 气腹建立Ports placed 穿刺孔设置Anatomy identified 解剖识别Round ligaments ligated and divided 圆韧带的接扎和分离Broad ligaments ligated and
8、 divided 阔韧带的接扎和分离Bladder flap prepared 膀胱翼的准备Uterine arteries ligated and divided 子宫动脉的接扎和分离Colpotomy Performed 施阴道切开术Uterine ligaments 子宫韧带Uterus extracted 子宫粉碎Peritoneum closed 关腹膜Port sites closed 关闭穿刺孔,LAVH without BSO,continued,LAVH without BSO,continued,LAVH without BSO,continued,LAVH without
9、 BSO,Patient positioned 病人体位Pneumoperitoneum established 气腹建立Ports placed 穿刺孔设置Anatomy identified 解剖识别IP ligaments ligated and divided IP韧带的接扎和离断Round ligaments ligated and divided 圆韧带的接扎和分离Broad ligaments ligated and divided 阔韧带的接扎和分离Bladder flap prepared 膀胱翼的准备Uterine arteries ligated and divided 子宫动脉的接扎和离断Colpotomy Performed 阴道切开术Uterine ligaments 子宫韧带Uterus extracted 子宫粉碎Peritoneum closed 关闭腹膜Port sites closed 关闭穿刺孔,LAVH with BSO,continued,Fig.2IP ligaments ligated and divided,LAVH with BSO,continued,LAVH with BSO,continued,