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1、2023颈椎前路手术技术治疗颈椎病的进展颈椎退行性疾病是与年龄密切相关的疾病,随着人们生活方式的改变与人口的老龄化,颈椎退行性疾病已经呈现年轻化与复杂化的严峻趋势。颈椎前路手术始终是治疗颈椎退行性疾病的重要手段,占整个颈椎手术的80%以上。随着技术的不断创新和研究的深入,2023年里颈椎前路手术取得了令人欣喜的新进展。我们在WebofScience核心数据库中以“anteriorcervical,“anteriorcervicalsurgery,“anteriorcervicalspinesurgery,lanteriorcervicalapproach,cervicaldisc”等为关键词才
2、佥索2023年内发表的颈椎前路手术在临床疗效、基础研究、技术创新等方面的相关研究,获得1056篇文章,经人工筛选后共纳入283篇文章,其中232篇为原始论著。本次学术盘点内容主要以专业顶刊JBJSzSpinezSpineJ1EurSpineJ1GlobalSpineJ1NeurosurgeryzJNeurosurg-Spine等的原始论著进行综述,总结关于颈椎前路手术治疗颈椎病的新趋势和创新技术。文献计量分析通过对232篇筛选后的文献关键词进行关键词共现分析(VOSviewerzLeidenUniversity,LeidenfNetherlands),颈椎前路手术相关研究主要围绕颈椎前路融合手
3、术与人工颈椎间盘置换手术的临床疗效对比、成本效益分析、并发症及其危险因素的总结与分析。发表论文最多的前5名国家/地区分别为美国(94篇)、中国(70篇)、韩国(19篇)、德国(12篇)、日本(11篇);发表论文最多的前5名机构分别为四川大学(18篇)、托马斯杰斐逊大学(13篇)、罗斯曼骨科医学中心(13篇)、纽约特种外科医院(10篇)、拉什大学(9篇)。发表论文最多的前5名期刊分别为WorldNeurosurg(25篇)、Spine(20篇)、ClinSPineSUrg(13篇)、GIobaISpineJ(13篇)、EurSpineJ(Il篇)。发表在专业顶刊上(JBJSxSpinesSpin
4、eJxEurSpineJ、GIobaISpineJxNeUroSUrgery、JNeUroSUrg-SPine)的原始论著共64篇,占比27.6%,本文将基于以上专业顶刊论文进行盘点。颈椎前路减压植骨融合手术(ACDF)ACDF是治疗颈椎病的最常用术式,其安全性与有效性已经得到验证。近年来ACDF围术期安全以及加速康复方面的研究越发受到重视,2023年ACDF相关的高质量研究集中在探索日间/门诊手术效果、减少术后吞咽困难发生率等方面。基于颈椎前路手术令人满意的安全性,日间或门诊手术逐渐成为颈椎前路手术重要发展方向之一。Troy等使用美国外科学会国家手术质量改进计划数据库(NSQIP)前瞻性收集
5、的数据进行回顾性队列研究,研究报道门诊ACDF比例从2010年的5.7%增长到2019年的15.5%o疼痛控制是阻碍ACDF患者出院的重要因素,而日间手术并不会增加阿片类药物的使用或依赖0另一方面,门诊ACDF手术的成本效益高,能显著降低单、双节段ACDF的总成本,这可能是ACDF门诊手术量快速增加的主要原因。此外,Soji等报道了一项纳入662例门诊ACDF患者的单中心回顾性研究,结果发现日间ACDF转住院ACDF管理的比例为25.4%,其中女性患者、低BMk25、高ASA3,手术时间长、高EBL上颈椎手术、多节段手术、手术开始时间晚和术后疼痛评分高是发生这种转换的独立危险因素。尽管门诊AC
6、DF手术越来越安全,但仍可能发生严重并发症,必要时需转为住院治疗,在开展门诊ACDF手术时应及时对以上因素进行干预。吞咽困难是颈椎前路手术常见的并发症,目前尚无明确的危险因素。ASdrUbal等在NeUroSUrgery上报道了一项国际、多中心、前瞻性随机对照研究,研究纳入233例ACDF患者,术后24小时内50.2%的患者发生吞咽困难,而术后6月下降至2.6%,其中C3/4节段手术是发生吞咽困难的危险因素。Mazmudar等通过多中心、前瞻性随机对照研究发现术前有吞咽困难的患者在ACDF术后吞咽困难更严重,且术后长期吞咽困难的风险增加了3倍,该研究对患者围术期的咨询具有重要指导意义。同时,该
7、团队的另一项前瞻性研究表明术前诊断胃食管返流不会影响ACDF术后吞咽苦难的发生率,但可能会降低术后吞咽困难的严重程度。Yoshizawa等网则发现C3及以上节段手术、失血量100mL手术时间200分钟、3个及以上节段手术是发生吞咽困难的危险因素。人工颈椎间盘置换手术(CDA)CDA经过近20年的快速发展,已经成为了治疗颈椎病的可靠术式之一,但2018年以后CDA相对于ACDF的使用率一直处于平台期(14.4%)叫2023年以来,国内外报道了多项CDA的前瞻性临床试验结果和长期随访结果。荷兰学者Goedmakers等【划报道了一项前瞻性多中心、双盲、随机对照研究,纳入109例单节段颈椎前路手术患
8、者并随访5年,研究发现,CDA与ACDF的临床结果相似,均明显优于颈椎前路椎间隙减压组(ACD)。因邻椎病再手术率CDA与ACDF相似(1.9%vs1.8%),表明颈前路椎间盘切除术后发生的邻椎病并不能通过植入人工椎间盘假体来预防。止匕外,基于美国的大型国家卫生管理数据库研究也发现CDA与ACDF假体的5年生存率,10年再手术率相似CPhilliPS等报道的前瞻性、多中心的临床对照试验中,M6-C人工颈椎间盘假体5年再手术率3.1%低于ACDF的5.3%,但没有统计学意义【12。而另一项10年的前瞻性观察性研究中,BagUeraC人工颈椎间盘假体再手术率为1%,邻近节段再手术率0%,假体运动保
9、留率为86.6%,表明了CDA手术的安全性和有效性【13,但遗憾的是该项研究没有融合对照组。假体脱位被认为是CDA术后的严重并发症,但鲜有研究报道。Ko等,回顾了756例患者资料,发现假体脱位发生率仅为0.7%,而术前颈椎后凸将增加15倍假体脱位风险。异位骨化(HO)是脊柱外科医生一直关注的CDA远期并发症,普遍认为HO的发生并不影响临床疗效,仅高级别(McAfeeIII级和IV级)HO会影响假体功能。术后10年,BagUeraC假体高级别HO发生率45.1%031;上海长征医院袁文教授团队等报道Disc。Ver假体高级别HO发生率15.38%,以上结果提示HO的发生可能与假体类型相关,但HO
10、的确切发生机制仍不明确。另一方面,假体周围骨吸收(BL)近年来也逐渐被大家关注,BL可能导致假体下沉口2】,主要发生在CDA术后6月内并逐渐稳定16,但应该将骨吸收和骨溶解两个概念区别开。新技术1.颈椎前路钩椎关节融合手术Cofyright2023byTheJournalofBoxeandJointSurgeryInrporatkdAcommentarybyDalsukeTOCaWa.MD.PhD,islinkedtotheonlineversionofthisarticle.UncovertebralJointFusionVersusEndPlateSpaceFusioninAnterior
11、CervicalSpineSurgeryAProspectiveRandomizedControlledTrialXia-QingSheng,MD,YiYang,MD,PhD,ChenDing,MD,PhD,Bd-YuWang,MD,PhD,YingHong,MD,YangMeng,MD,PhD,andHaoLiu,MD,PhD,InvestigationperformedatWatChinaHospital,SichuanUniversity,Chengdu,Sichuan,PeoplesRepublicofChinaBackground:TheUncovertebraljointisapo
12、tentialregionforanteriorCerViCalfusion.Currently,weareawareofnoclinicaltrialsonhumanUncovertebraljointfusion(UJF).Thepurposeofthisstudywastocomparethetimeittooktoachieveosseousunion/fusionandtheclinicalefficacyofUJFtoendplatespacefusion(ESF)-i.e.,traditionalanteriorcervicaldiscectomyandfusion(ACDF)i
13、nanteriorcervicalsurgery.Methods:Patientswithsingle-levelcervicalspdylosiswererecruitedfromApril2021throughOctober2022andrandomlydividedintotheUJFandESFgroups,with40patientsineachgroup.Autologousiliacbonewasusedforbonegraftinginbothgroups.Theprimaryoutcomewastheearlyfusionrateat3monthspostoperativel
14、y.Secondaryoutmesincludedtheprevalenceofcomplicationsandpatient-reportedoutcomemeasures(PROMs),includingtheJapaneseOrthopaedicAssociation(JOA)score.NeckDisabilityIndex(NDI),andvisualanalogscale(VAS)scoresforarmandneckpain.Results:Atotalof74patients(92.5%)withanaverageageof49.8years(range,26to65years
15、)completedthetrialandwereincludedintheanalysis.Terewasnosignificantdifferencebetweenthe2groupsatbaseline.Theoperativedurationandintraoperativebloodlosswerealsomparablebetweenthe2groups.ThefusionrateintheUJFgroupwassignificantlyhigherthanthatintheESFgroupat3months(66.7%comparedwith13.2%,p0.0l)and6mon
16、ths(94.1%comparedwith66.7%,p=0.006)aftertheoperation.Nosignificantdifferencewasfoundinthefusionratebetweenthe2groups12monthspostoperatively.Overall,thePROMssignificantlyimprovedaftersurgeryinbothgroupsanddidnotdiffersignificantlybetweenthegroupsatanyfollow-uptimepoint.Theprevalenceofcomplicationswas
17、notsignificantlydifferentbetweenthe2groups.Conclusions:Inourstudyofanteriorcervicalfusionsurgery,wefoundthattheearlyfusionrateafterUJFwassignificantlyhigherthanthatafterESF.1.evelofEvidence:TherapeuticLevelI.SeeInstructionsforAuthorsforacompletedescriptionoflevelsofevidence.经典ACDF手术采用终板间植骨融合,因骨爬行替代距
18、离较长,导致早期融合率(3月、6月)往往无法令人满意。四川大学华西医院骨科刘浩教授团队在JBJS上发表论文UncovertebralJointFusionVersusEndPlateSpaceFusioninAnteriorCervicalSpineSurgery:AProspectiveRandomizedControlledTriaI,发现颈椎钩椎关节区域间隙距离比终板间隙更短,且血供更加丰富,具备骨愈合的天然解剖优势【17】。该团队通过一项前瞻性随机对照研究,纳入36例钩椎关节融合患者(UJF组)和38例传统终板间融合患者(ESF组)并随访12月结果发现,UJF组的融合率在术后3月(66
19、.7%vs13.2%)和6月(94.1%vs66.7%)时显著高于ESF组,而术后12月(10O%vs94.6%)无统计学差异。临床疗效指标如JOA、VASxNDI评分,及并发症如吞咽困难、血肿、伤口愈合延迟、新发椎间孔狭窄和假体相关并发症的发生率上两组均无统计学差异。颈椎前路手术后早期融合可以缩短颈托佩戴时间使患者尽早重返工作岗位,对提高手术疗效、患者满意度和生活质量非常重要。尽管钩椎关节融合能够显著提高早期融合率,但对术者提出了更严格的要求,如确认安全区域,避免损伤椎动脉;严格止血,避免血液引流受阻;避免植骨块回落到椎管内等。该研究区别于传统ACDF的植骨思路,但仍需探索长期并发症的风险。
20、2 .颈椎前路X型截骨减压植骨融合术(ACXF)EuropeanSpineJournalhttpsdi.org10.1007s00586023)7986wORIGINALARTICLE今C*wdkx.MNiiitAnteriorcervicalX-shape-corpectomyandfusionvs.anteriorcervicalcorpectomyandfusionfortwo-levelcervicalspondylosisHongWang1-YangLiu1TingkuiWu1ChunyiYan1JunboHe1KangkangHuang1XinRong1ChenDing1Beiyu
21、Wang1HaoUu1OReceived:92023/Revised:15AUgUa2023/Accepted:2October2023OTbeAutboc(三)2023AbstractPurposeAnteriorcervicalX-shapecorpec(omyandfusion(ACXF)isanovelcervicalsurgery,designedaspartialahemativetotheclassictechnique,anteriorcervicalcorpectomyandfusion(ACCF).Theaimofthisstudywastoevaluatetheeariy
22、-sageoutcomesofACXFintreatingIwo-Icvelcervicalspondylosis(CS)throughcomparisonswihACCEMethodsAretrospectivelycomparativestudywasconductedintwocohortsofpatientswhounderwentsingle-v,ertebralACXForACCFtotreattwo-levelCSduringSeptember2019andOctober2021.Clinicalandradiologicaldataofallthepatientswerecol
23、lectedfrompre-operationto1yearafterthesurgery,followingbyintra-andintergroupanalysesandcomparisons.ResultsFifty-sewnpatientswereincluded,with24undergoingACXFand33undergoingACCEACXFgrouphadSignificanlyshorterdrainageduration(2.130.61daysvs.3.481.30days.P0.001)andlessdrainagevolume(30.2126.88mlvs.69.3
24、037.65ml.P0.001)chanACCFgroup.Bothtechniquessignificantlyimprovedalltheclinicalparameters(P0.05).EachcomplicationrateinACXFgroupwaslowerthanthatinACCFgroupwithoutsignificantdifference(P0.05).ACXFshowedasignificantlysmallerIransvensedecompressionrangethanACCF(11.931.27mmvs.16.291.88mm,P0.05)andasigni
25、ficantlylowersubsidencerate(P0.01)thanACCFtechniqueatalltimepoints.CondusionsACXFisapotentialsurgicalalternativeforcertainpatientswithtwo-lerlCS,asitprovidesbothadequatedecompressionrangeandfeweradverseeventsthanACCF.ThefurthermodificationsonACXFworthexploration.颈椎前路椎体次全切除融合术(ACCF)是治疗颈椎病的经典术式之一,相比AC
26、DF具有更广泛的减压范围,更适用于椎体后方存在压迫的情况,但是ACCF的并发症如吞咽困难、脑脊液漏、出血、假体下沉等发生率高。对于手术治疗有脱垂游离椎间盘、局部椎体后骨赘或节段型OPLL的颈椎病患者,四川大学华西医院骨科刘浩教授团队在EurSpineJ上发表论文“AnteriorcervicalX-shape-corpectomyandfusionvs.anteriorcervicalcorpectomyandfusionfortwo-levelcervicalSPondylOSis,提出了结合ACDF与ACCF优势的新技术ACXF,该技术将一个ACCF手术转化为两个ACDF,同时具备了ACC
27、F充足的减压范围和ACDF较少的内固定相关并发症1叫ACXF经标准颈椎前路右侧入路完成,核心步骤为V字形前方截骨及倒V字形后方减压,并将获得的V字形骨块回植入责任椎体以重建颈椎环形结构,随后使用零切迹内固定系统进行固定。该研究对比了24例ACXF和33例ACCF的患者,1年以上随访结果发现ACXF相比ACCF融合率相似,但手术时间更短、术中失血量更少、引流时间更短、引流量更少。同时,吞咽困难、声音嘶哑、脑脊液漏等并发症发生率ACXF显著低于ACCFzACXF的安全性令人满意。需要注意的是,ACXF的适应证需要严格把握,研究团队认为ACXF适用于椎体后方压迫横向距离小于12mm的情况,而对于宽基
28、底形后纵韧带骨化、极外侧的骨赘增生应用ACCF或许更有效。Spine3 .椎体滑动截骨术(VBSO)SPINEVolume48.Number9.pp600-609O2023WokenKluwerHealth,Inc.Allrightsreserved.CervicalSpineVertebralBodySlidingOsteotomyasaSurgicalStrategyfortheTreatmentofCervicalMyelopathy:OutcomesatMinimumFiveyearsFollow-upDong-HoLeMD/SehanParfM3,bChnSungLeMVChangJ
29、uHwangMD/JaeHwanChotMD,aandSungTanChotMDC225- ftl502tc mNswf 28soi52mi 8 SsosStudy Design. A retrospective cohort study.Objective. To evaluate the outcomes of vertebral body sliding osteotomy (VBSO) with a minimum (bllow*up of five years and compare the results with those of anterior cervical discec
30、tomy and fusion (ACDF) and anterior CerViCal corpectomy and fusion (ACCF).Summary of Background Data. VBSO reportedly results in fewer complications better lordosis Eoration, and faster bone union than c(xpectomy. Although previous studies demonstrate the outcomes of VBSO with follow-up oi two years
31、 or longer, results in longer term surveillance remain unknown.Methods. This study included 128 patients who Underwent VBSO (n - 38), ACDF (n 62), or ACCF ( 28) as a treatment for cervical myelopathy and was followed up for five years or more. Fusion, subsidence, CO-2 Iordosisf C2-7 Icxdosist segmen
32、tal Iordosisf C2-7 sagittal vertical axis, surgical complications, and neck pain visual analog scale, Neck Disability Index, and Japanese Orthopedic Association (JOA) scores were assessed. Comparisons between continuous variables in each group were made using independentFrom the - Department ci Orth
33、opedic Surgery, Asan Medical Center, UnR VCnity of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic oi Korea; bDcpart- mcnt o( Oflhopcdk Surgery, Dongguk University Ilsan blospiul Gyconggi* do. Republic KoreE and c Depjrtment oi Orthopedic Surgcty, Iltan Paiksample f tests. For nominal variablesf the Fish
34、er exact test cm the 2 test was used. Paired t test was used to analyze the changes in postoperative values compared with PreOPefaIiVe values.Results. he reoperation rate (0.0%) after VBSO was significantly lower than that after ACCF(U.3%; P0.028). VBSO had a higher fusion rate at six-month and one-
35、year follow-up, but the fusion rate at five years (97.4%) was not significantly different from that of ACDF (85.5%; P = 0.054) and ACCF (85.7%; P0.077). Segmental lordosis at the five-year follow-up was significantly higher in the VBSO group (16.1) than in the ACDF (11.9; P=0.002) and ACCF (6.5; P g
36、roups. C2-7 Iordosis at five-year follow.up was significantly higher in the VBSO group than in the ACCF group (P=0.017). Neck pain visual analog scale. Neck Disability Index, and JOA scores and the JOA recovery rate did not show significant intergroup differences during the five-year study period.Co
37、nclusions. VBSO showed promising long-term results in terms of low revision rate, fast solid union, and effective segmental lordosis restoration when compared with other anterior recon- StnJctiOn techniques.Key words: anterior cervical discectomy and fusion, anterior cervical corpectomy and fusion,
38、vertebral body sliding osteotomy, cervical Iordosisv subsidence, reopetation, cervical myelopathy Spine 2023;48:600-609对于椎管占位率60%或存在结构性后凸的脊髓型颈椎病患者,颈椎前路手术策略可能优于后路手术,但ACCF和ACDF技术都有一定局限性。针对此问题,蔚山大学医学院峨山医学中心的SUngTanCho教授团队在SPine上发表论文VertebralBodySlidingOsteotomyasaSurgicalStrategyfortheTreatmentofCervic
39、alMyelopathy:OutcomesatMinimumFiveyearsFolIOW-Up”,提出颈椎椎体滑动截骨术(VBSO)并随访5年Ui。研究比较了62例ACDFz38例VBSO和28例ACCF患者的临床与影像学结果,发现VBSO在术后5年时的融合率(97.4%)高于ACDF(85.5%)和ACCF(85.7%)。同时,VBSO组有更低的假体下沉率,更好的颈椎曲度保持能力,但有较高的吞咽困难发生率。该团队的另一项研究表明VBSO并不能避免硬脑膜撕裂,而术前椎管占位率50%也不是VBSO的禁忌症2叫作者团队认为,当压迫性病变的形状和位置或矢状面排列有利于其实施时,推荐使用VBSO技术
40、。VBSO是一种椎体向前平移的前路减压融合技术。术中显露后,在双侧钩突基部用高速磨钻打磨出两条纵向的沟槽,使责任节段自由活动。再用多个Allis钳将责任节段向前迁移,通过前移实现充分减压。植入椎间融合器后去除平移椎体的突出部分,最后使用颈椎前路钢板螺钉系统固定。4 .颈椎前路骨隧道减压切除融合术(ACTF)EuropeanSpineJounwi023)32:2110-2119hnpsy/doi.org/10.1007/s005860207691-8ORIGINALARTICLECheditorAnteriorcervicaltunnectomyandfusion(ACTF):anoveltec
41、hniqueforcervicalcanaldecompressionChengQiuuC-YunpengZhao1LianIeiWang1XianleiGao1-WanIiangYang1HaoU1XinPan1-YuhuaLi1XinyuLiu1*SonggangWang1Received:21December2022/Revised:22February2023/Accepted:27March2023/Publishedo由e17April2023CTheAuthor(三),UrKkrcxduwvelicencetoSprin9erVerlagGmbHGermany,partofSpr
42、ingerNaturv2023AbstractObjectiveTodescribeanovelsurgicaltechniquenotecoinedasanteriorcervicaltunnectomyandfusion(ACTF)whichapplyingonremovalofposteriorvertebralbonyprotrusionsorsoftextrusions.MethodsTotaltwenty-threepatientsfromJanuary2016toJanuary2021whoexperiencedwithspinalcordcompressionandperfor
43、medbyACTFwereretrospectivelyreviewed.Herein,relevantinfbnationincludingpatientsgender,age.BMI.intraoperativetime,intraoperativebloodloss,postoperativecomplicationsandpostoperativehospitalizedstayWcollected.Furthermore,JOAandVASscorewerebothlicctcd.Moreover,imagingparametersweremeasuredandcalculatedo
44、nradiographs.Correlateddatawereanalyzedby/test.SignificancewasconsideredwhenP0.05.ResultsA!ipatientsinthisstudywerevalidatedwithfavorableoutcomesandnoneofpostoperativecomplications.TheNurickgradeofpatientsdramaticallydeceasedpostopcration(P0.001).AndpostoperativeVASscoreofpatients(P0,001).aswellasJO
45、Ascore(P0,00I),wasgivendramaticalsignificancecomparingtopreoperation.Furthermore,occupyingrate(OR)(P0.001)wasobviouslyreducedwhilespaceavailablecord(SAC)(P0.00l)anddiameterofspinalcord(P0.00I)wassignificantlyincreasedpostopcration.Meanwhile,discheightofinvolvedsegment.C2-7SVA,andC2-C7Cobbanglewereme
46、asuredonsagittalplaneoflateralradiograph.Postoperativedischeightofinvolvedsegment(P0.001)significantlyelevatedcomparing(0preoperation.However,therewerenosignificanceonC2-7SVA(P=0.460)andC2-C7Cobbangle(P=0.097).ConclusionsThenovelsurgicaltechniquecoinedbyACTFisapracticableapproachduringtakingchargeof
47、bonyandsoftnarrowingbehindVCrtCbraIspace.KeywordsACTFACDFCervicalSpondyioticmyelopathyDecompression针对巨大椎间盘突出、局灶型OPLL引起的颈椎椎体后缘软性挤压或者骨性突起等问题,山东大学齐鲁医院骨科刘新宇教授团队在EurSpineJ上发表论文“Anteriorcervicaltunnectomyandfusion(ACTF):anoveltechniqueforcervicalcanaldecompression”,介绍了一种基于ACDF手术的改良方法:ACTFz即通过形成椎骨隧道对患者颈椎进行
48、减压】。该研究纳入23例ACTF手术患者并随访2年,临床症状改善明显,椎管占用率明显降低。ACTF利用骨钻打磨出贯穿椎体终板的立体喇叭形隧道,通过隧道去除椎骨后方的软性或骨性致压物。隧道入口位于终板边缘,一般小于整个椎间隙水平直径的13o充分减压后进行椎间盘融合器植入,并用人工骨或自体骨填充隧道,最后使用颈椎前路钢板螺钉固定。总结与展望颈椎前路手术经过近70年的发展已经逐渐成熟并且标准化,但面对日益复杂的颈椎健康问题以及适应健康中国的发展规划,对颈椎前路手术提出了更加精准、安全、个体化的诊疗要求。我们盘点的内容尽可能包括了有创新、高质量的文献,但难免有所疏漏,希望能给各位同行带来一些启发和收获。同时,从2023年度文献中我们可以窥探颈椎前路手术的发展方向:1 .颈椎前路手术的中坚力量和创新动力主要来自美国和中国,但国内的前瞻性临床试验少,证据等级有限特别是国际合作的多中心研究很少,新技术也难以国际同行认可并推广应用。2 .国际上颈椎前路手术正在往门诊或日间手术过渡,但中国目前进度相对缓慢,颈椎手术