《irena-IRENA为加强气候行动提供能源转型支持（英）-2021.11-112正式版.docx》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《irena-IRENA为加强气候行动提供能源转型支持（英）-2021.11-112正式版.docx（119页珍藏版）》请在课桌文档上搜索。
1、IRENAsENERGYTRANSITIONSUPPORTTOSTRENGTHENCLIMATEACTIONINSIGHTTOIMPACTOCIRENAInternationclRenewableEnergyAgencyIRENA2021Unlessotherwisestated,materialinthispublicationmaybefreelyused,shared,copied,reproduced,printedand/orstored,providedthatappropriateacknowledgementisgivenofIRENAasthesourceandcopyrig
2、htholder.Materialinthispublicationthatisattributedtothirdpartiesmaybesubjecttoseparatetermsofuseandrestrictions,andappropriatepermissionsfromthesethirdpartiesmayneedtobesecuredbeforeanyuseofsuchmaterial.Citation:IRENA(2021),IRENAsEnergyTransitionSupporttoStrengthenClimateAction,InternationalRenewabl
3、eEnergyAgency,AbuDhabi.ISBN:978-92-9260-365-6AboutIRENATheInternationalRenewableEnergyAgency(IRENA)isanintergovernmentalorganisationthatsupportscountriesintheirtransitiontoasustainableenergyfutureandservesastheprincipalplatformforinternationalco-operation,acentreofexcellence,andarepositoryofpolicy,t
4、echnology,resourceandfinancialknowledgeonrenewableenergy.IRENApromotesthewidespreadadoptionandsustainableuseofallformsofrenewableenergy,includingbioenergy,geothermal,hydropower,ocean,solarandwindenergy,inthepursuitofsustainabledevelopment,energyaccess,energysecurityandlow-carboneconomicgrowthandpros
5、perity,www.irena.orgAcknowledgementsThisreportwasauthoredbyKamranSiddiqui,ReemKorbanandMargaretSuh,underthesupervisionofBinuParthanandGurbuzGonul.ThereportalsobenefitedfromvaluableinputsandcommentsfromIRENAcolleaguesandmembersofNDCtaskforce:ArvydasLebedys1SimonBenmarraze1PaulaNardone,JosefineAxelsso
6、n,ClaireKiss,FaranRanaJenniferIfeanyi-Okoro,OmarMarzouk,InesJacob,ArjunGuha(ex-IRENA),andCostanzaStrinati(ex-IRENA).Forfurtherinformationortoprovidefeedback:publicationsirena.orgThisreportisavailablefordownload:www.irena.org/publicationsThedesignationsemployedandthepresentationofmaterialsfeaturedher
7、einareprovidedonan-asisbasis,forinformationalpurposesonly,withoutanyconditions,warrantiesorundertakings,eitherexpressorimplied,fromIRENA,itsofficialsandagents,includingbutnotlimitedtowarrantiesofaccuracy,completenessandfitnessforaparticularpurposeoruseofsuchcontent.Theinformationcontainedhereindoesn
8、otnecessarilyrepresenttheviewsofallMembersofIRENA,norisitanendorsementofanyproject,productorserviceprovider.ThedesignationsemployedandthepresentationofmaterialhereindonotimplytheexpressionofanyopiniononthepartofIRENAncerningthelegalstatusofanyregion,untry,territory,crtyorareaorofitsauthorities,orcon
9、cerningthedelimitationoffrontiersorboundaries.Coverphoto:Purd77ShutterstockCONTENTSFiguresandtables5Abbreviations6Executivesummary7Energytransitionasakeydriverforclimateaction9IRENA,ssupportforclimateaction:Initiative12IRENA,ssupportforclimateaction:Impacttodate17Africa!*,countriesS%workpackages&Asi
10、a,and,the,Pacific!ScountriesO(workpackages!)Europe!*countries#M&+,work,packagesI,1.atinAmericaandthe,Caribbean!8,countriesF+!workpackages!Realisingtheambitions31ANNEX323ANNEXAfghanistanAlbaniaAntiguaandBarbudaBahamasBarbadosBelarusBelizeBeninBhutanBosniaandHerzegovinaBotswanaBurkinaTasoCambodiaCamer
11、oonChadColombiaCubaDominicaDominicanRepublicEcuadorEgyptEfSaIvadorEswatiniFijiGabonThe11GambiaGeorgiaGrenadaGuyanaIndonesiaJordanKazakhstanKyrgyzstan1.ao,PeoplesDemocratic,Republic1.ebanon1.iberiaFIGURESFigure#DistributionofIRENAworkpackages(一),FigurenSTotalNDCs,submittedtotheUNFCCC%Figure,%Sectorsi
12、n,updatedNDCssubmittedtotheNFCCC&)FigUre&EnergyinupdatedNDCssubmittedHtotheUNFCCC&FigureEmission,abatement,witha8t.+/Cpathway&Figure(IRENAOsengagementwithPartiestotheParisAgreement&$Figure)Distributionof,IRENAsworkpackages&+Figure1*DistributionothesourcesofIRENAsupportnrequests&*Figure+Distributiono
13、fIRENA,sworkpackagesinAfrica&(Figure#,DistributionofIRENAsworkpackages,in,AsiaandthePacific!&Figure#DistributionofIRENA,s,workpackagesinEurope!+FigUrDistributionofIRENA,sworkpackages,inLatinAmericaandtheCaribbean!(TABLESTable*#IRENAengagementacrossdifferentUNFCCCregional,groupings(Table$IRENA,smainc
14、ategoriesofworkpackages&,ABBREVIATIONSAOSISAVRILCAEPCIPAllianceofSmallIslandStatesAddressingvariablerenewablesinlong-termplanningClimateActionEnhancementPackageClimateInvestmentPlatformC02eCOP26CarbondioxideequivalentTwenty-sixthmeetingoftheConferenceofPartiestotheUNFCCCETFEUEUTAFGHGGCFICTUIRENALDCL
15、LDC1.TLEDSLTSMRVNDCNDCPPVRCCREmapREOSIDSSPLATUNDPUNFCCCWETOEnhancedTransparencyFrameworkEuropeanUnionEuropeanUnion,sTechnicalAssistanceFacility(EUTAF)GreenhousegasGreenClimateFundInformation,clarity,transparencyandunderstandingInternationalRenewableEnergyAgency1.eastDevelopedCountries1.andlockedDeve
16、lopingCountries1.ong-term,lowgreenhousegasemissiondevelopmentstrategy1.ong-termstrategyMonitoring,ReportingandVerificationNationallyDeterminedContributionNDCPartnershipPhotovoltaicRegionalCollaborationCentreRenewableenergyroadmapRenewableenergyoutlookSmallIslandDevelopingStatesSystemplanningtestUnit
17、edNationsDevelopmentProgrammeUnitedNationsFrameworkConventiononClimateChangeWorldEnergyTransitionOutlookEXECUTIVESUMMARYIRENAhasbeenengagingwith72Partiesofthe2015ParisAgreementtosupporttheireffortstoenhancetheirclimatepledgesandimplementtheexistingclimateactionplanthroughtheenergytransition.Thisenga
18、gementcoversatotalpopulationofaround1.8billionpeoplewithacarbonfootprintof3.2billiontonnesofcarbondioxideequivalent.72COUNTRIES18LDCs5% Long-term!energylplanning8 ： Policylandlfinanceladvice16 Climateltechnologylandfinfrastructure6 Renewablelreadinesslassessment3、Renewabletenergylroadmap (22% Datala
19、ndlstatisticsIRENAhasavastbodyofknowledgeandexpertiseindifferentfacetsoftheenergytransitionand,uponrequest,providesPartieswithsubstantiveinputforenhancingandimplementingtheirNationallyDeterminedContributions(NDCs)towardsreducingemissionsundertheParisAgreement.IRENA,sdedicatedworkpackagesofferaunique
20、opportunitytocountriesastheyupdatetheirenergytransitiontargetsandimplementationplans(Figure1),andtheagencyalsosupportscountriesinimplementingprojectsontheground.Figure1DistributionofIRENAworkpackages(%)3%Powerlsystemiflexibility6%ProjectifacilitationlandienablingfframeworksResourcelassessment11%Revi
21、ew!of!NDCs!and!other!national!plans!etcIRENA,soutreachspansallcontinents,engagingwithPartiesfromnearlyalloftheregionalgroupingsoftheUnitedNationsFrameworkConventiononClimateChange(UNFCCC)(Table1).BasedontheneedsofParties,IRENAofferssupportacrossallfacetsoftheenergytransitiondrivenbyrenewableenergyte
22、chnologies.Table1IRENAengagementacrossdifferentUNFCCCregionalgroupingsUNFCCCregionalgroupingNumberofpartiesengagedNumberofworkpackagesAfrica2239AsiaandthePacific2338Europe(mainlyEasternEurope)615LatinAmericaandtheCaribbean2152TOTAL72144IRENAleveragesitsnear-universalmembershiptoengagewithPartiestoth
23、eParisAgreementandoffersupportonclimateaction.Thissupportinitiativeisstrengthenedthroughtheagency,sinstitutionalpartnershipswithseveralotherdevelopmentpartnersandagencies.NDC：PARTNERSHIPAstheleadinter-governmentalagencyontheenergytransition,IRENAwillcontinuetoengagewiththePartiestotheParisAgreementa
24、ndsupporttheminimplementingtheirclimateactionplansthroughgreaterdeploymentofrenewablesanddecarbonisationtechnologies.IRENAwillextenditssupporttoPartiesinsettinguptheirlong-termstrategies(LTS)throughanalyticalworkandcapacitybuilding.TheagencywillalsosupportPartiesinprojectfacilitationanddevelopmentth
25、roughmobilisingfinance,engaginginmatchmakingandenhancingcapacityonprojectdevelopment.Climatechangeisanexistentialthreatandthereisaneedtotakeappropriateandtimelyactionstomitigateandadapttotheimpactsofthechange.Energysectorremainsthemostimportantsectorthatcanbetransformedthroughacceleratedadoptionofre
26、newableenergy.IRENAasaleadintergovernmentalagencyonenergytransitionissupportingseveralG77membercountriesachievingmitigationcommitmentsthroughrenewableenergy.,H!E!,Mr!,AhmadouSeboryToureRepublicofGuinea,PresidentofGSSSChinaENERGYTRANSITIONASAKEYDRIVERFORCLIMATEACTIONPartiestotheParisAgreementoftheUni
27、tedNationsFrameworkConventiononClimateChange(UNFCCC)areincreasinglyupdatingandenhancingtheirclimatepledgestowardsreducinggreenhousegasemissionstomitigateclimatechange.ThecurrentroundofNationallyDeterminedContributions(NDCs),updatedpriortothe26thConferenceofthePartiestotheUNFCCC(COP26),willdefinethep
28、athwaythattheworldwilltaketowardsenhancedclimateactionandnetzeroemissions.Theanalysisofthetotal194NDCssubmittedbyPartiesoftheParisAgreement,includingEritreaandIraq,showsthat124neworupdatedNDCshavebeensubmittedtoUNFCCC,asof02November20211(Figure2).Figure2TotalNDCssubmittedtotheUNFCCCSource:UNFCCCNDCR
29、egistry(by02November2021)TheNDCSynthesisReportreleasedbyUNFCCCpresentsanoverviewofcumulativeclimatepledgesintheNDCssubmittedtoUNFCCC.ThereportprojectsthatifallNDCsareimplemented,thetotalglobalgreenhousegasemissionsin2030wouldrangefrom50.8gigatonnesto56.9gigatonnesofCO1equivalent.Thiswouldresultinemi
30、ssionlevelsthatarearound59%2higherthan1990levels,13.7%higherthan2010levelsand5%higherthan2019levels?.ToachievetheParisAgreementgoaloflimitingtheriseinglobalmeantemperatureto1.52degrees2Celsius,emissionswouldneedtobereducedbyaround45%fromthe2010levelby2030,withtheaimofreachingnetzeroemissionsby2050.T
31、ransitioningtoalow-carbonenergysectorremainskeytoclimateneutralityandtomitigatingclimatechange.Theenergysectorcurrentlycontributesmorethantwo-thirdsoftotalglobalgreenhousegasemissions,andsignificanteffortsareneededtoreducethesector1scarbonfootprintandtoachievecarbonneutralitybymid-century.Analysisof
32、thelatestNDCsubmissionsindicatesthatalloftheNDCssubmittedbyPartiesmentiontheenergysectorasakeyareaforclimateaction(Figure3).Figure3SectorsinupdatedNDCssubmittedtotheUNFCCCNote:IPPU=Industrialprocessesandproductuse;LULUCF=Landuse,land-usechangeandforestrySource:UNFCCCNDCSynthesisReport.October2021Ren
33、ewableenergyremainsakeyoptionforachievingenergysectorclimategoals.IRENAanalysisoftotalsubmittedNDCsfoundoutthatoutoftotal194NDCssubmittedtoUNFCCC,143partiesmentionedquantifiedrenewableenergytargetsintheirNDCs.Thisincludes109NDCswithquantifiedrenewableenergybasedpowertargets.Partieshavealsobeenconsid
34、eringrenewableenergytodeployinend-usesectors.31NDCsmentionedquantifiedrenewableenergytargetsfordirectheatand/ortransportsector,while10partieshaveenergysector-widequantifiedrenewableenergytargetsintheirNDCs.2!UNFCCCNDCSynthesisReport,September2021Figure 4 Energy in updated NDCs submitted to the UNFCC
35、C Number of Parties having submitted NDCs Number of Parties with quantified renewable power targets in their NDCs Number of Parties with quantified renewable energy targets for direct hear and/or transport in their NDCs Number of Parties with quantified energy sector-wide RE targets in their NDCsSou
36、rce:IRENAanalysis(by28Oct2021)IRENA,sWorldEnergyTransitionOutlook(WETO),releasedinearly2021,presentsaclearpathwayfortheworldtoensureenergysupplythroughcleanerandmoresustainableenergygenerationoptions.Theoutlookpresentstechnologicalavenuestoachieveclimatetargets,withafocusonrenewablesforpowerandendus
37、es,energyconservationandenergyefficiency,theelectrificationofend-usesectorswithrenewables,hydrogenanditsderivatives,carboncaptureandstorage,carboncaptureandutilisation,andadvancedbioenergy(Figure5).Figure5Emissionabatementwitha1.5pathwayRenewables (power!and !end !uses) 25%ElectrificationlofCCS!and!
38、CCUend-use !sectors !(direct)Industry20%6%Energylconservation and!e,cencyHydrogeniand its!derivativesBECCS and!others25%10%14%Note:CCS=carboncaptureandstorage;CCUS=carboncapture,utilisationandstorage;BECCS=bioenergywithcarboncaptureandstorageSource:IRENAWoridEnergyTransitionsOutlook2021Respondingtor
39、equestsfromIRENA,smembership,andinlinewiththerecommendationsmadeintheWETO,IRENAoffersdedicatedsupporttoitsmembersthatarePartiestotheParisAgreement.Thisassistanceincludeshelpingmembercountriesenhancetheirambitionsformitigatingemissionsintheenergysector-asoutlinedintheNDCsandinthelong-termstrategies(L
40、TS)-andsupportingimplementationofmembersmitigationcommitments.IRENA,SSUPPORTFORCLIMATEACTION:INITIATIVEIRENA,smembershiphasshownincreasedinterestinengagingwiththeagencytoreceivetargetedsupportforclimateactiontoenhancetheirNDCsandsupportimplementation.ThecurrentfootprintofIRENAcoversallregionsofthewo
41、rld,withtheagencyofferingsupporttomembercountriesinAfrica,AsiaandthePacific,LatinAmericaandtheCaribbean,andEurope(Figure6).721.3billion3.2billion144COUNTRIESPEOPLETONNES!OF!COEQUIVALENTWORK-PACKAGESAsiaandthePacificEuropeNorthMacedoniaAlbaniaBelarusBosniaandHerzegovinaTurkey:o-GeorgiaBhutan-LebanonN
42、epal_).PapuaNewGuineaUnitedArabJordanKazakstanKyrgyzstanPalauTongaUzbekistanMongoliaVanuatuInputtoNDCalreadyImplementationofSupportScopingOWorkplandevelopmentAfghanistanCambodiaIndonesia1.aoNauruPakistanThailand-O1.atinAmericaandtheCaribbeanAntiguaandBarbudaColombiaBahamasAfricaBelizeDominicaBarbado
43、sGuyanaCubaEcuador“EswatiniBeninChadDominicanRepublicNicaraguaPanamaGabonBotswanaEgyptElSalvadorSaintLuciaPeruTheGambiaBurkinaFasoRwandaGrenadaSaintVincentTrinidadandTobagoLiberiaCameroonParaguayandtheGrenadinesMaliMauritiusSaintKittsandNevisUruguayNigerMozambique(rNigeriaSaoTomeandPrincipe回9Seychel
44、lesUgandaSudanZambiaZimbabweMoroccoSouthAfricaOr0ODisclaimer:Thismapisprovidedforillustrationpurposesonly.BoundariesandnamesshownonthismapdonotimplyanyofficialendorsementoracceptancebyIRENA.IRENASENERGYTRANSITIONSUPPORTTOSTRENGTHENCLIMATEACTIONIRENA,sengagementwithPartiestotheParisAgreementisbasedon
45、variousworkpackagesthatreflecttheagencysvastbodyofknowledgeandexpertiseondifferentfacetsoftheenergytransition(Table2).TheseworkpackagescanprovidesubstantiveinputtoNDCenhancementandimplementationaswellasofferingmembercountriessupportinupdatingtheirrenewableenergytargetsanddevelopment.Table2IRENA,smai
46、ncategoriesofworkpackagesCategoryDescriptionDataand,statisticsRepositoryofstatisticsonrenewableenergycapacity,generation,energybalances,financeandinvestments,andcosts.ClimatetechnologyandinfrastructureAssistingcountriesindevelopingandimplementingmitigationandadaptationmeasurestoenhanceNDCs1strengthenNDCimplementationplans,andadvanceLT-LEDSthroughtheassessmentoftheperformance,mitigationpotential,ass
