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1、美国名人摄影师爱德华韦斯顿EdwardWeston,1886-1958:HeHelpedChangetheWayAmericansUnderstoodPhotographyplaystopmutemaxvolume00:00-15:15repeatByMarioRitter2006-10-28VOICEONE:mMaryTillotson.VOICETWO:AndmSteveEmberwiththeVOASpecialEnglishprogram,PEOPLEINAMERICA.Today,wetellabouttheAmericanphotographerEdwardWeston.(MUSI
2、C)VOICEONE:EdwardWestonisoneofthemostrecognizedofallAmericanphotographers.Heisprobablymostresponsibleforhelpingpeopletoseephotographyasanartform.Today,artexpertsconsiderphotographerswhotookpictureslikeMisterWestonstobepartoftheartmovementcalledModernism.ThekindofphotographsMisterWestontookarecalledS
3、traightPhotography.Nounusualeffectswereusedtochangetheimageofthesubject.Thephotographsappeartoshowrealityinapureandclearway.Yet,MisterWestondidnotalwaysusehiscameratotakepicturesthatway.Atfirst,hetookpicturesinfluencedbythepopularphotographsofhistime.Photographers,then,madepicturesthatdidnotappearsh
4、arpandclear.Instead,theyappearedsoft.Theyweresimilartopaintedpicturesthattriedtobebeautiful,notrealistic.(MUSIC)VOICETWO:EdwardWestonwasborninHighlandParkzIllinois,ineighteeneighty-six.Whenhewassixteen,hisfathergavehimoneoftheearlycamerasmadebytheKodakCompany.Edwardsoonshowedsomeofhisphotographsatth
5、eChicagoArtInstitute.Innineteen-oh-six,EdwardWestondecidedtomovewestwhereheworkedforarailroadcompany.HebrieflyreturnedtoChicagotostudyattheIllinoisCollegeofPhotography.But,hesoonreturnedtoCalifornia.HemarriedFloraChandlerinnineteen-oh-nine.Theylaterhadfoursons.VOICEONE:EdwardWestonownedastoreinthear
6、eaofGlendale,California.Hemadeandsoldpicturesofpeople.Healsohadsomeofhiswritingonphotographypublished.SeveralimportantphotographershemetinsouthernCaliforniainfluencedhim.ImogenCunninghamandMargretheMatherweretwoofthem.MizMatherworkedwithMisterWestononseveralpictures.MizCunninghampraisedMisterWestons
7、work.ShegavemoralsupportthatledMisterWestontoseekoutotherphotographicinfluences.(MUSIC)VOICETWO:EdwardWestondecidedtotraveltoNewYorkCityinnineteentwenty-two.HewantedtomeetthemostinfluentialAmericanphotographersintheEast.Heexpectedtobepraisedbymembersoftheartisticcommunitythere.AlfredStieglitzwasthem
8、ostinfluentialphotographerintheUnitedStatesatthetime.HewasthereasonforMisterWestonstriptoNewYorkCity.HewasresponsibleforamagazinecalledCameraWorks.MisterStieglitzhelpedmanyofthephotographerswhoseworkheliked,includingPaulStrandandAnselAdams.AlfredStieglitzmetwithEdwardWestontwotimes.Hedidnotsaythathe
9、likedMisterWestonswork.MisterStieglitzwouldpointtosomepartsofthepicturesheliked.Thenhewouldpointtosomethinghedidnotlike.VOICEONE:EdwardWestondiscoveredanartcommunityinNewYorkthathehadneverimaginedbefore.Hemetmanypeoplewho,today,arerecognizedasimportantAmericanphotographersandartists.OneofthemwasGeor
10、giaOKeeffe.MizOKeeffebecameoneofAmericasmostfamouswomanpainters.MisterWestonsawsomeofherworkinNewYork.Hewrotethathewouldrememberitformanyyearstocome.EdwardWestonfeltgoodabouthisvisittoNewYork,althoughhewascriticizedthere.Hewrotetoafriendsayingthathisartisticsensewaschanging.HesaidAlfredStieglitzhadn
11、otchangedhimonlyintensifiedhim.VOICETWO:ThephotographerAnselAdamssaidthatintheearlynineteentwentiesMisterWestonhadagrowingbusinesstakingpicturesofpeople.Yet,hegaveuphisbusinessandlefthisfamilytotraveltoaforeignland.InFebruaryofnineteentwenty-three,MisterWestonwrote,IleaveforMexicoCityinlateMarchtost
12、artlifeanew.MisterWestontraveledtoMexicowithTinaModotti.ThetwohaddevelopedarelationshipinLosAngeles.BothwereactiveintheartisticcommunityofsouthernCalifornia.TheyspentmostofthreeyearsinMexico.Atthetime,manyartistsandwritersweregatheringintheLatinAmericancountry.MisterWestondependedonMizModottiagreatd
13、eal.Withherhelp,MisterWestonwasabletoexperienceaculturallifethatwascompletelyforeigntohim.HecouldnotspeakSpanish,soshehelpedhimcommunicate.Foratime,thetwohadbothaworkingandpersonalrelationship.MisterWestonagreedtoteachMizModottiphotography.Inreturn,sheranhisphotographybusinessandhelpedorganizeshows.
14、VOICEONE:Soon,MizModottibecameawell-knownphotographeronherown.ThetwophotographersmetmanyfamousMexicanartistsduringtheirstay.PaintersDiegoRiveraandFridaKahlowereamongthem.MizModottiphotographedmanyofMisterRiveraswallpaintings.MisterWestonmadeoneofhisbest-knownpicturesbycapturingtheintenseexpressionof
15、anotherMexicanpainter;JoseClementeOrozco.(MUSIC)VOICETWO:InMexico,EdwardWestonstartedtosharpentheStraightPhotographywayoftakingpicturesthathehadbeguntodevelopbeforehistriptoNewYork.Hetookpicturesofpeoplehemetandofobjectsandbuildings.Hispicturesappearedtorepresentthetruenatureofhissubjects.Healsotook
16、manyphotographsofculturalobjectscalledfolkart.Atthattime,manyartistswerereconsideringtheimportanceoffolkart.Theybegantorealizethattraditionalformsofartareasimportanttocultureastheartthatnormallyisshowninmuseums.MisterWestonsexperienceinMexicochangedhisideasaboutphotography.HereturnedtoCaliforniaperm
17、anentlyinnineteentwenty-sixtocontinuehisownwork.MizModottibecameinvolvedinpoliticalactivism.ShetraveledtoEuropetophotographtheriseofFascismtherebeforeshediedmysteriouslyinnineteenforty-two.(MUSIC)VOICEONE:AfterEdwardWestonreturnedfromMexicohebeganproducingfullydevelopedwork.Henowmadesimplephotograph
18、sthatweresharprepresentationsoftheirsubjects.Aseashellandavegetablecalledagreenpepperwerethesubjectsoftwoofhismostfamousphotographs.Theideahepresentedwasthatsimpleobjectsare,infact,beautifulforms.Hewouldoftentakepicturesofrocks,coastlines,vegetablelifeandeventheunclothedhumanbody.MisterWestonsgoalwa
19、stocelebratethebeautyofshapes.VOICETWO:EdwardWestonslifebegantochange.HismarriagetoFloraChandlerendedandhemarriedCharisWilson.TheymovedtoCarmelzCalifornia.MisterWestonspentalotoftimeatanearbyplaceonthecoastcalledPointLobos.Manyofhisbest-knownpicturesshowthebeautyoftherockycoastlineofnorthernCaliforn
20、ia.Hispicturesoftenwereofunusualrockformations.Hisnewwife,Chariszwashismostimportantmodelduringthistime.Innineteenthirty-seven,MisterWestonreceivedthehighesthonorofhislifetime.HewasgiventhefirstGuggenheimFellowshipeverpresentedtoaphotographer.Theawardsignaledthatphotographerswerenowconsideredserious
21、artists.(MUSIC)VOICEONE:EdwardWestoncontinuedtoworkthroughthenineteenthirtiesandforties.Yet,heneverearnedmuchmoney.HelivedinasmallhousethathissonsbuiltforhiminCarmelzCalifornia.Innineteenforty-five,hissecondwife,Charis,lefthim.MisterWestonhadtostopworkthreeyearslater.TheeffectsofParkinsonsdiseaseend
22、edhisabilitytotakephotographsandprocessthem.Hissonstookcareofhimuntilhediedtenyearslaterinnineteenfifty-eight.VOICETWO:ExpertssaythatEdwardWestonhelpedchangethewayAmericansunderstoodphotography.Photographyhadbeenthoughtofmainlyasawaytorecordinformation.EdwardWestonshowedthatphotographersworkedtocapturethesameformsthatotherartistsdidintheirsearchforbeauty.(MUSIC)VOICEONE:ThisSpecialEnglishprogramwaswrittenbyMarioRitter.ItwasproducedbyCatyWeaver.mMaryTillotson.VOICETWO:AndImSteveEmber.JoinusagainnextweekforanotherPEOPLEINAMERICAprogramontheVoiceofAmerica.
