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1、美国名人费罗法恩斯沃斯PhiloFarnsworthplaystopmutemaxvolume00:00-14:46repeatByPaulThompson2004-6-5(MUSIC)VOICEONE:mPhoebeZimmermann.VOICETWO:AndmSteveEmberwithPeopleinAmericainVOASpecialEnglish.Todaywetellaboutamanwhomadepossibleoneofthemostimportantcommunicationsdevicesevercreatedtelevision.HisnamewasPhiloFarn
2、sworth.(MUSIC)VOICEONE:Innineteen-sity-ninezAmericanastronautNeilArmstrongclimbeddownthesideofthespacevehiclethathadtakenhimtothemoon.Ashisfoottouchedthesurfaceofthemoon,picturesoftheeventweresentbacktotelevisionsonEarth.Thepictureswerenotverygood.ItwashardtoseeastronautArmstrongclearly.Thesurfaceof
3、themoonwasextremelybright.Andthemoonlandervehiclecreatedaverydark,blackshadow.Butthequalityofthetelevisionpictureswasnotimportant.Everymanzwomanandchildwhosawthetelevisionpicturesunderstoodtheywerewatchinganimportantevent.Theywerewatchinghistorytakeplaceasitwashappeningmanyhundredsofthousandsofkilom
4、etersaway.VOICETWO:Forafewminuteszthepoorqualitytelevisionpicturescapturedtheimaginationofmillionsofpeoplethroughouttheworld.Expertsbelieveaboutsix-hundred-millionpeoplearoundtheworldwatchedasNeilArmstrongsteppedfromthespacevehicletothesurfaceofthemoon.Intheyearssincethen,peoplearoundtheworldhavesha
5、redinmanyevents.Televisionhasmadeitpossibleforpeopleindistantplacestoshareasingleexperience.VOICEONE:Atelevisionsystemchangeslightandsoundwavesfromamovingpictureintoelectronicsignalsthattravelthroughtheair.Thesignalsarechangedbackintosoundandpicturesinatelevisionreceiver.ScientistsinBritain,Germany,
6、France,Japan,theformerSovietUnionandtheUnitedStatesallmadeimportantdiscoveriesthatledtothedevelopmentofmoderntelevision.YetitwasayoungboylivingonanAmericanfarmwhowasthefirstpersontoinventanddesignwhatbecametelevision.Hefirstthoughtoftheideaofanelectronictelevisionwhenhewasonlyfourteenyearsold.Hisnam
7、ewasPhiloTaylorFarnsworth.(MUSIC)VOICETWO:PhiloFarnsworthwasbornonAugustNineteenth,NineteenOh-SixznearIndianCreekinthewesternstateofUtah.Thehousehelivedinforthefirstfewyearsofhislifehadnoelectricpower.ButPhiloreadaboutelectricity.HewasveryexcitedwhenhisfamilymovedtoanewhouseinIdahothathadelectricpow
8、er.Hequicklybegantoexperimentwithelectricity.Hebuiltanelectricmotorwhenhewastwelve.Thenhebuiltthefirstelectricwashingmachineforclothesthathisfamilyhadeverowned.PhiloFarnsworthattendedaverysmallschoolnearhisfamilysfarm.Hedidverywellinschool.Heaskedhisteacherforspecialhelpinscience.Theteacherbeganhelp
9、ingPhilolearnagreatdealmorethanmostyoungstudentscouldunderstand.VOICEONE:Onenight,Philoreadamagazinestoryabouttheideaofsendingpicturesandsoundthroughtheair.Anyonewithadevicethatcouldreceivethiselectronicinformationcouldwatchthepictures.Themagazinestorysaidsomeoftheworldsbestscientistswereworkingonth
10、eidea.Itsaidthesescientistswereusingspecialmachinestotrytomakeakindofdevicetosendpictures.ThestorymadePhilothink.Fourteen-year-oldPhilodecidedthesefamousscientistswerewrong.Hedecidedthatmechanicaldeviceswouldneverwork.Theycouldneverbemadetomovefastenoughtoclearlycaptureandreproduceanelectronicpictur
11、esentthroughtheair.Philodecidedthatsuchadevicewouldhavetobeelectronic,notmechanical.Philoknewelectronscouldbemadetomoveextremelyfast.Allhewouldhavetodowasfindawaytomakeelectronsdothework.VeryquicklyPhilohadanideaforsuchareceiver.Itwouldtraplightinacontainerandsendthelightonalineofelectrons.Philocall
12、editlightinabottle.VOICETWO:SeveraldaysIaterzPhilotoldhisteacheraboutadevicethatcouldcapturepictures.Hedrewaplanforitthathegavehisteacher.Philosdrawingseemsverysimple.Butitstillclearlyshowstheinformationneededtobuildatelevision.Infact,alltelevisionequipmenttodaystillusesPhilosearlyidea.Philosteacher
13、wasJustinTolman.ManyyearslaterPhilowouldsayMisterTolmanguidedhisimaginationandopenedthedoorsofscienceforhim.(MUSIC)VOICEONE:PhiloFarnsworthhadtosolveseveralproblemsbeforehecouldproduceaworkingtelevisionsystem.Onewasthathewasonlyfourteenyearsold.Heknewnoonewouldlistentoachild.Infactzexpertssaythatpro
14、bablyonlytenscientistsintheworldatthattimecouldhaveunderstoodhisidea.Philoalsohadnomoneytodevelophisideas.Hisideaforaworkingtelevisionwouldhavetowait.Afteronlytwoyearsofhighschool,PhiloenteredBrighamYoungUniversityinUtah.Buthedidnotfinishhiseducation.Hewasforcedtoleaveschoolwhenhisfatherdied.Philodi
15、dnotgiveuphisideaforcreatingatelevision.HebeganseriousworkonitwhenhemovedtoSanFrandscozCaliforniaafewyearslater.Hewastwenty-oneyearsold.VOICETWO:OnSeptemberSeventh,Nineteen-Twenty-SevenzPhiloturnedonadevicethatwasthefirstworkingtelevisionreceiver.Inanotherroomwasthefirsttelevisioncamera.Philohadinve
16、ntedthespecialcameratubeearlierthatyear.Theimageproducedonthereceiverwasnotveryclear,butthedeviceworked.Withinafewmonths,PhiloFarnsworthhadfoundseveralpeoplewhowantedtoinvestmoneyinhisinvention.InAugust,Nineteen-ThirtyztheUnitedStatesgovernmentgavePhilopatentdocuments.Thesewouldprotecthisinventionfr
17、ombeingcopiedbyothers.Verysoon,however,severalotherinventorsclaimedtheyhadinventedatelevisiondevice.Oneoftheseinventors,VladimirZworykinzworkedforthepowerfulRadioCorporationofAmerica.TheR-C-AcompanybeganlegalactionagainstPhiloFarnsworth.ItsaidMisterZworykinhadinventedhisdeviceintheNineteen-Twenties.
18、ThebigandpowerfulR-C-Aclaimedthatit,notthesmallPhiloFarnsworthTelevisionCompany,hadtherighttoproduce,developandmarkettelevision.VOICEONE:ThelegalactionbetweenR.C.AandtheFarnsworthcompanycontinuedforseveralyears.R.C.A.provedthatMisterZworykindidmakeamechanicaltelevisiondevice.Butitcouldnotdemonstrate
19、thatthedeviceworked.Atthesametime,R.C.A.claimedthatMisterFarnsworthhadproducedhistelevisionimagetubeafterMisterZworykinhaddevelopedhis.WhenMisterFarnsworthsaidhehaddevelopedtheideamuchearlier,R.C.A.saiditwasimpossibleforafourteen-year-oldboytoproducetheideaforatelevisiondevice.Companyrepresentatives
20、saidMisterFarnsworthwasnotevenascientist.Hehadneverfinishedcollege.R.C.A.saidPhiloFarnsworthshouldbeforcedtoprovehehadinventedthetelevisionimagetube.Philocouldnotproveheinventedit.Buthishighschoolteachercould.Incourt,JustinTolmanproducedthedrawingthatPhilohadmadeforhimmanyyearsbeforeasastudent.Attha
21、tmoment,thelegalexpertsforR.C.A.knewtheyhadlost.PhiloFarnsworthwonthelegalactionandtherighttoowntheinventionoftelevision.However,hedidnothavethemoneyorsupporttobuildatelevisionindustry.ItwastheNineteen-FiftiesbeforetelevisionbecameamajorforceinAmericanlife.VladimirZworykinandDavidSarnoff,theheadofR.
22、C.A.,becamethenamesconnectedwiththenewindustry.(MUSIC)VOICETWO:PhiloFarnsworthcontinuedtoinventmorethanone-hundreddevicesthathelpedmakemoderntelevisionpossible.Healsodevelopedearlyradar,inventedthefirstelectronicmicroscope,andworkedondevelopingpeacefulusesofatomicenergy.Inhislastyears,MisterFarnswor
23、thbecameastrongcriticoftelevision.Hedidnotlikemostoftheprogramsshownontelevision.YetzashewatchedNeilArmstrongsfirststeponthemoon,MisterFarnsworthknewtheeventclearlyshowedthepowerofhisinvention.PhiloFarnsworthdiedinMarch,Nineteen-Seventy-One.Today,astatueofhimstandsintheUnitedStatesCapitol.Heisconsideredoneofthemostimportantinventorsofthetwentiethcentury.(MUSIC)VOICEONE:ThisprogramwaswrittenbyPaulThompson.ItwasproducedbyLawanDavis.mPhoebeZimmermann.VOICETWO:AndmSteveEmber.ListenagainnextweekforPeopleinAmericainVOASpecialEnglish.
