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1、美国名人首位黑人女国会议员雪莉奇泽姆ShirleyChisholmplaystopmutemaxvolume00:00-14:46repeatByLawanDavis2005-2-19(MUSIC)VOICEONE:mGwenOuten.VOICETWO:AndmDougJohnsonwithPeopleinAmericainVOASpecialEnglish.TodaywetellaboutShirleyChisholm.Shewasaneducator,activistandpolitician.(MUSIC)VOICEONE:ShirleyChisholmisbestknownasthe
2、firstblackwomanelectedtoUnitedStatesCongressandthefirstblackwomantorunforpresidentoftheUnitedStates.However,herlifewasfilledwithmuchmorethanbeingthefirstblackwomantodoimportantthings.Shebelievedinbeingapersontofightforchange.Allherlife,sheworkedtoimprovethelivesofothers.(MUSIC)VOICETWO:ShirleyAnitaS
3、aintHillwasborninBrooklyn,NewYorkinnineteentwenty-four.Shewastheoldestoffourdaughters.HerfatherwasafactoryworkerfromGuyana.Helovedtoread.HermotherwasfromtheBritishWestIndiesislandofBarbados.Shemadeclothesandcleanedotherpeopleshouses.Shirleysparentshadverylittlemoney.Theywantedtheirdaughterstogetagoo
4、deducationandtohaveabetterlife.WhenShirleywasthreeyearsoldherparentssentherandhersisterstolivewiththeirgrandmotherinBarbados.ShirleyreceivedagoodeducationfromtheBritishschoolsystem.Sheenjoyedtheyearsshelivedwithhergrandmother.HerfamilyinBarbadoswasastrong,organizedgroupthatbelievedineducation.Shirle
5、yalwaysrememberedthewordshergrandmotherspoke.(SOUND)WhenIwasrearedintheBritishWestIndiesmygrandmotherusedtoalwaystellme,youmaynotbelovedbycertainforcesinasocietyandyouhavetounderstandwhy.Butalwaysspeakthetruth.VOICEONE:Innineteenthirty-fourShirleymovedbacktoBrooklyn.Shewastenyearsold.Shecontinuedtod
6、overywellinschool.ShelatergraduatedfromBrooklynCollegewithhonors.Innineteenforty-nine,shemarriedConradChisholmwhoworkedasaprivateinvestigator.Togethertheytookpartinlocalpolitics.Theirmarriageendedalmostthirtyyearslater.Asayoungwoman,Shirleydecidedtobecomeateacher.Shebelievedshecouldimprovesocietybyh
7、elpingchildren.Sheworkedforsevenyearsatachild-carecenterintheHarlemareaofNewYorkCity.SheattendedColumbiaUniversityatnightandreceivedanadvanceddegreeinearlychildhoodeducationinnineteenfifty-two.Shebecameknownasanexpertinchildrenandearlyeducation.Fromnineteenfifty-ninetonineteensixty-fourShirleyChisho
8、lmwasaneducationofficialinthedaycaredivisionofthecitysofficeofchildwelfare.(MUSIC)VOICETWO:Inninetysixty-fourShirleyChisholmspoliticalcareerbegan.ShewaselectedtotheNewYorkStateAssembly.Sheservedforfouryears.Innineteensixty-eightsheannouncedshewouldrunfortheUnitedStatesCongress.Shewaselectedfromthene
9、wlycreatedTwelfthDistrictofNewYorkCity.ShebecamethefirstblackwomanelectedtoCongress.SherepresentedapoorareaofBrooklyncalledBeclford-Stuyvesant.InCongress,MizChisholmwasassignedtotheHouseAgricultureCommittee.Sheprotestedthisassignment.Shefeltitwasnotimportanttothepoorpeopleofthecitythatsherepresented
10、.ShewasmovedtotheVeteransAffairsCommittee.ShelaterservedontheEducationandLaborCommittee,thepositionshewanted.Innineteenseventy-sevenshejoinedtheimportantHouseRulesCommittee.VOICEONE:ShirleyChisholmwasverydifferentfromothermembersofCongress.Shelookeddifferent.Herhairwasabigcloudofcurls.Sheworeverylar
11、geeyeglasses.Andshehaddarkskin.Shealsospokedifferently.ShehaddevelopedaminorCaribbeanaccentwhilelivingwithhergrandmotherinBarbados.Hervoicewasstrong.Shespokewithpower.Shesaidhergreatesttoolwashermouth.ShewasnotafraidtosaythethingsotherswouldnotsaybeforeCongressandthepublic.(SOUND)But,myfriends,Imigh
12、tbestrongforsomepersonsinthisaudience,butIbelieveintellingitlikeitis.(applause)VOICETWO:ShirleyChisholmspokestronglyforthepoorandforwomen.SheworkedforcivilrightsforAfricanAmericans.SheopposedtheVietnamWar.Innineteensixty-nineshehelpedformtheCongressionalBlackCaucus.ShealsowasamemberoftheNationalOrga
13、nizationforWomen.MizChisholmwasanactivistforpeopleofcolor,includingNativeAmericansandSpanish-speakingimmigrants.Sheoftenspokeaboutculturalandsocialissues.(SOUND)IncreasingimmigrationtotheUnitedStatessuggeststhatwedoface(-andwebetterownupto-Wedoface)newsocialandculturalproblemsasthesenewAmericansarei
14、ntegratedintooursociety.Andbecausemostofthenewimmigrantsarepeopleofcolor,culturaladjustmentsmustbemadebyallgroupsinAmericaifwearetolearntolivetogetherasonenation.VOICEONE:MizChisholmwroteabookaboutherlifeinnineteenseventycalledUnboughtandUnbossed.Sherefusedtobedefinedbypartypoliticsorracialcompariso
15、ns.Sometimesthisworkedagainsther.Innineteenseventy-twoShirleyChisholmannouncedthatshewouldrunforpresidentoftheUnitedStates.Manypeoplethoughtitwasastrangethingtodo.MizChisholmsaidduringherlifeinpoliticsshefacedmorediscriminationasawomanthanasablackperson.ShirleyChisholmbecamethefirstwomanandthefirstb
16、lackpersontocarryoutapresidentialcampaignwithinoneofthemajorparties.WhensheannouncedhercandidacyfortheDemocraticPartynominationforpresidentthisiswhatshesaid:IamnotthecandidateofblackAmerica,althoughIamblackandproud.Iamnotthecandidateofthewomensmovementofthiscountry,althoughIamawomanandIamequallyprou
17、dofthat.Iamnotthecandidateofanypoliticalbossesorspecialinterests.Iamthecandidateofthepeople.MizChisholmdidnotwintheDemocraticprimariesorthenomination.Shesaidshedidnotrunforpresidentbecausesheexpectedtowin.Sherantomakeapoint.Innineteenseventy-threeShirleyChisholmwroteanotherbook,TheGoodFight.Inthatbo
18、okshetoldofherreasonsforrunningforpresidenteventhoughshedidnotexpecttowin.Shesaid:Thenexttimeawomanruns,orablack,oraJeworanyonefromagroupthatthecountryisnotreadytoelecttothehighestoffice,Ibelieveheorshewillbetakenseriouslyfromthestart.(MUSIC)VOICETWO:ShirleyChisholmleftCongressinnineteeneighty-twoaf
19、terfourteenyears.Shesaidmanyvotersdidnotunderstandher.Shesaidherinfluenceasatruthful,toughpoliticianwasdecreasinginconservativetimes.Also,shewantedtospendmoretimewithhersecondhusband,ArthurHardwick.MizChisholmwentontoteachatMountHolyokeCollegeinSouthHadley,Massachusetts.YearsafterleavingCongress,she
20、continuedtobeinvitedtospeakbeforemanygroupsandorganizations.AreporteronceaskedMizChisholmhowshewantedtoberemembered.Shesaidshedidnotwanttoberememberedasthenationsfirstblackcongresswoman.Shewantedtoberememberedasabraveperson,apersonwhocreatedchange.VOICEONE:ShirleyChisholmdiedJanuaryfirst,twothousand
21、five.Shesufferedaseriesofstrokes.Shewaseightyyearsold.ShirleyChisholmlovedhercountry.ShewantedtoserveallAmerica,notjustAfricanAmericansandwomen.HerworkforthecommunityofBedforcl-Stuyvesant,thestateofNewYorkandthenationcontinuesthroughthechangesshehelpedmakeinAmericansociety.(SOUND)Americaisawonderful
22、land.Itsnoquestionaboutit.ThatiswhyeverygroupfromacrossthewaterstriestocometoAmerica.Iamhopeful.OhGodamIhopefulthatbeforeIdiethatIwillseethatAmericawillmovetowardaperiodofrealenlightenment(notrhetoricalenlightenment,realenlightenment)andthatwhenwearefinallyfacedwiththechoiceofexclusionorinclusionwewillchooseinclusionbecausethatswhatAmericaissupposetobeallabout.(MUSIC)VOICETWO:ThisprogramwaswrittenandproducedbyLawanDavis.mDougJohnson.VOICEONE:AndmGwenOuten.JoinusagainnextweekforPeopleinAmericainVOASpecialEnglish.(MUSIC)
