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1、美国名人黑人记者卡尔罗恩CarlRowan:OneoftheMostHonoredReportersintheUnitedStatesplaystopmutemaxvolume00:00-15:41repeatByCynthiaKirk2005-5-14(MUSIC)VOICEONE:mShirleyGriffith.VOICETWO:AndmDougJohnsonwiththeVOASpecialEnglishprogram,PEOPLEINAMERICA.Today,wetellaboutthelifeofwriterandreporter,CarlRowan.Hewasoneofthem
2、osthonoredreportersintheUnitedStates.(MUSIC)VOICEONE:CarlRowanwasknownforthepowerfulstoriesthathewroteformajornewspapers.HiscolumnswerepublishedinmorethanonehundrednewspapersacrosstheUnitedStates.Hewasthefirstblacknewspapercolumnisttohavehisworkappearinmajornewspapers.CarlRowancalledhimselfanewspape
3、rman.Yetzhewasalsoawriterofbest-sellingbooks.HewroteaboutthelivesofAfricanAmericancivilrightsleader,ReverendMartinLutherKingJuniorandUnitedStatesSupremeCourtJustice,ThurgoodMarshall.CarlRowanalsowasaradiobroadcasterandapopularpublicspeaker.ForthirtyyearszheappearedonaweeklytelevisionshowaboutAmerica
4、npolitics.VOICETWO:CarlRowanwonpraiseovertheyearsforhisreportsaboutracerelationsinAmerica.HeprovidedapublicvoiceforpoorpeopleandminoritiesinAmerica.Heinfluencedpeopleinpositionsofpower.VOICETWO(cont):MisterRowanopenedmanydoorsforAfricanAmericans.HewasthefirstblackdeputySecretaryofStateintheadministr
5、ationofPresidentJohnF.Kennedy.AndhewasthefirstblackdirectoroftheUnitedStatesInformationAgencywhichatthetimesupervisedtheVoiceofAmerica.(MUSIC)VOICEONE:CarlRowanwasborninNineteen-Twenty-FiveinthesoutherncityofRavenscroftzTennessee.HegrewupduringtheGreatDepression,oneoftheworsteconomictimesintheUnited
6、States.Hisfamilywasverypoor.Hisfatherstackedwoodusedforbuilding,whenhehadwork.Hismotherworkedcleaningthehomesofwhitepeoplewhenshecould.TheRowanfamilyhadnoelectricity,norunningwater,notelephoneandnoradio.Carlsaidhewouldsometimesstealfoodordrinkwarmmilkfromthecowsonnearbyfarms.TheRowansdidnotevenhavea
7、clock.Asaboy,Carlsaidheknewifitwastimetogotoschoolbythesoundofatrain.Hesaidifthetrainwaslate,hewaslate.VOICETWO:Growingup,Carlhadverylittlehopeforanychange.TherewerenotmanyjobsforblacksintheSouth.Theschoolswerenotgood.Racialtensionswerehigh.Lawswereenforcedtokeepblacksandwhitesseparate.Itwasateacher
8、whourgedCarltomakesomethingofhimself.BessieTaylorGwynntaughthimtobelievehecouldbeapoetorawriter.Sheurgedhimtowriteasmuchaspossible.Shewouldevengetbooksforhimbecauseblackswerebannedfrompubliclibraries.BessieTaylorGwynnmadesurethatCarlfinishedhighschool.Andhedid.Hegraduatedatthetopofhisclass.VOICEONE:
9、CarlenteredTennesseeStateCollegeinNineteen-Forty-Two.Healmosthadtoleavecollegeafterthefirstfewmonthsbecausehedidnothaveenoughmoney.Butonthewaytocatchabus,hisluckchanged.Hefoundthetwentydollarsheneededtostayincollege.VOICEONE(cont):CarlRowandidsowellincollegethathewaschosenbytheUnitedStatesNavytobeco
10、meoneofthefirstfifteenblackNavyofficers.Hesaidthatexperiencechangedhislife.CarlservedonshipsduringWorldWarTwo.Afterward,hereturnedtocollegeandgraduatedfromOberlinCollegeinOhio.HewentontoreceivehismastersdegreeinjournalismfromtheUniversityofMinnesota.VOICETWO:InNineteen-Forty-Eight,CarlRowanbecameare
11、porterfortheMinneapolisTribunenewspaperinMinnesota.Hewasoneofthefirstblackreporterstowriteforamajordailynewspaper.Asayoungreporter;hecoveredracialtensionsintheSouthduringthecivilrightsmovement.InNineteen-Fifty-SixzhetraveledtotheMiddleEasttocoverthewarovertheSuezCanal.HealsoreportedfromEurope,Indiaa
12、ndotherpartsofAsia.Hewonseveralmajorreportingawards.VOICEONE:MisterRowansreportsonracerelationsintheSouthinterestedPresidentJohnF.Kennedy.InNineteen-Sixty-One,PresidentKennedyappointedMisterRowandeputyassistantSecretaryofState.HeservedasadelegatetotheUnitedNationsduringtheCubanmissilecrisisinNinetee
13、n-Sixty-Two.MisterRowanlaterwasappointedambassadortoFinland.DuringhisyearsinPresidentKennedysadministration,CarlRowangottoknowLyndonB.Johnson.LyndonJohnsonbecamepresidentafterPresidentKennedywasassassinatedinNineteen-Sixty-Three.InNineteen-Sixty-Four,PresidentJohnsonnamedCarlRowandirectoroftheUnited
14、StatesInformationAgency.ThepositionmadehimthehighestlevelAfricanAmericanintheUnitedStatesgovernment.MisterRowansaidbeingchosentoheadtheUnitedStatesInformationAgencyandtheVoiceofAmericawasoneofthegreathonorsofhislife.(MUSIC)VOICETWO:InNineteen-Sixty-FivezCarlRowanleftthegovernmentandstartedwritingfor
15、newspapers.Hewroteacolumnthattoldhisopinionsaboutimportantsocial,economicandpoliticalissues.Itappearedseveraltimesaweekinanumberofnewspapers.Radioandtelevisionjobsfollowed.MisterRowanoftenwroteintenselyaboutracerelations.Yet,hewrotewithmorefeelingaboutonesubjectthananyother:thateducationandhardworkw
16、illhelpyoungAfricanAmericansmoveforward.CarlRowanwasangeredbytheideasofsomeyoungblacks.Hesaidtheybelievedthattostudyhardandperformwellinschoolwasactingwhite.Hedeploredtheideathatexcellenceisforwhitesonly.VOICEONE:InNineteen-Eighty-Seven,MisterRowancreatedaprogramcalledProjectExcellence.Theprogramrew
17、ardsblackstudentswhodowellinschool.Overtheyears,theprogramhasprovidedmillionsofdollarstohelpAfricanAmericanstudentsgetmoneyforcollege.VOICEONE(cont):Throughouthislife,CarlRowanwasastrongvoiceforracialjusticeinAmerica.YetzhealsodemandedexcellencefromotherblackAmericans.Hewroteaboutwrongdoingwithinthe
18、NationalAssociationfortheAdvancementofColoredPeople.TheNAACPfightsforthecivilrightsofAfricanAmericans.MisterRowanscolumnsledtotheresignationofitschairmanandhelpedspeedtheorganizationsfinancialrecovery.VOICETWO:CarlRowanlivedwithhiswife,VivienMurphy,inalargehouseinWashington,D.C.Theyhadthreechildrena
19、ndfourgrandchildren.Hehadbeenastrongsupporterofguncontrollaws.ButinNineteen-Eighty-Eightzhewaschargedforfiringagunthathedidnotlegallyown.Heshotandwoundedateenagerwhowasonhispropertyillegally.Rowanwasarrestedandtried.Duringthetrial,hearguedthathehadtherighttousewhatevermeansnecessarytoprotecthimselfa
20、ndhisfamily.Thejuryfailedtoreachadecisioninthecase.InNineteen-Ninety-OnezCarlRowanwroteabookabouthislifecalledBreakingBarriers.Severalyearslater,hewroteabookcalledTheComingRaceWarinAmerica.Thebookdescribestheexplodingangerbetweenblacksandwhitesandthepossibilityofafutureracewar.Somepeoplepraisedthebo
21、ok.Othersthoughtitwasharmfulandirresponsible.VOICEONE:CarlRowanwasthefirstblackpresidentofanorganizationoftopreportersinWashingtoncalledtheGridironClub.ThegroupdoesashoweveryyearthatmakesfunoftheAmericanpoliticalprocess.MisterRowanoftenperformedbysingingorleadingacomedyact.CarlRowanusedsimplewordswh
22、enhespoke,yethewasverydirect.Hewascriticizedsometimesforthat.Somepeoplethoughtthathisideasweretooliberal.Othersthoughthewastoomoderate.Butmostpeoplethoughthisstoriesgenerallywereveryfair.MisterRowantalksabouthislifeinhisbook,BreakingBarriers:CUTl-CARLROWANACTVOICETWO:CarlRowandiedSeptemberTwenty-Thi
23、rd,Two-Thousand,inWashington,D.C.Hewasseventy-fiveyearsold.Duringthelastyearsofhislife,hesufferedfromdiabetesandheartproblems.Butheneverfailedtowritehisnewspapercolumn.Heneverletbadthingsslowhimdown.(MUSIC)VOICEONE:ThisSpecialEnglishprogramwaswrittenbyCynthiaKirk.mShirleyGriffith.VOICETWO:AndmDougJohnson.ListenagainnextweekforanotherPEOPLEINAMERICAprogramontheVoiceofAmerica.
