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1、美国总统33约翰肯尼迪JohnKennedy:Youngplaystopmutemaxvolume13:56-00:07repeatByKellyJeanKelly29October,2017VOALearningEnglishpresentsAmericasPresidents.TodaywearetalkingaboutJohnFitzgeraldKennedy.HewasalsoknownasJackKennedy,orbythelettersJFK.Whenhetookofficein1961zKennedywas43yearsold.Hewastheyoungestelectedpr
2、esidentinUnitedStateshistory.JohnF.Kennedyremainstheyoungestelectedpresident,buthewasnottheyoungestoverall.TheodoreRooseveltwas42atthetimeofhisswearing-inceremony,buthebecamepresidentafterthedeathofWilliamMcKinley.KennedywasalsothefirstCatholictobeelectedU.S.president.Kennedysyouthandreligionraisedq
3、uestionsinthemindsofsomeAmericansthatKennedycouldleadthecountry.TheywonderedifhewouldalwaysfollowthepoliciesoftheRomanCatholicChurch.ButKennedybecamewell-knownasastatesman,andpopularwithpeoplearoundtheworld.Hewasintelligent,funnyandgood-looking.Formany,Kennedywasasignofnewenergyandhope.Thepublicwass
4、hocked,then,whenthepresidentstermwasviolentlycutshort.EarlylifeJohnF.Kennedywasbornin1917nearBoston,Massachusetts.Hewasthesecondofninechildren.BothhisparentswereCatholic,withancestorsfromIreland.Manyyearsago,IrishCatholicsoftenfaceddiscriminationintheUnitedStates.ButtheKennedyfamilywasalsopoliticall
5、ypowerfulandwealthy.Asaresult,youngJackKennedygrewupinbigzbeautifulhousesandreceivedatopqualityeducation.HisfamilydidnotsufferduringtheGreatDepression,asmanyAmericanshad.Instead,theKennedychildrenswam,sailedboatsandplayedsports.Jackalsoenjoyedreadingbooksandfollowingthenews.HisolderbrotherJoewantedt
6、oenterpolitics,butJacksaidhemightbecomeateacherorwriter.WhenhewasacollegestudentatHarvard,JackwrotealongpaperaboutBritainintheyearsleadinguptoWorldWarII.Aversionofitwaspublishedin1940asabook.ThewarchangedJacksthinkingabouthisfutureplans.DuringWorldWarII,bothJackandhisolderbrotherjoinedtheU.S.Navy.In
7、thePacific,Jackbecameahero.HewonmedalsforleadingsomeofhistroopstosafetyafteraJapanesewarshipstruckaboattheywereon.JosephP.KennedyJr.zJosephP.KennedySr.,andJohnF.KennedyarrivingatSouthampton,England,July2,1938.ButJoewaskilled.In1944zhisairplaneexplodedoverEurope.Whenthewarended,Jacksfatherurgedhimtof
8、ollowhisbrothersdreamofsucceedinginpolitics.Jackagreed,andhesethissightsonbecomingthecountrysfirstCatholicpresident.PresidencyKennedywasnominatedastheDemocraticParty,scandidate,andhewaselectedin1960.HeeasilydefeatedVicePresidentRichardNixon,theRepublicancandidate,intheElectoralCollege.ButKennedywono
9、nlynarrowlyinthepopularvote.Thoughhewasyoung,Kennedybroughtexperiencetothejob.Inadditiontobeinganavalofficer,KennedyhadbeenamemberoftheU.S.HouseofRepresentativesaswellasasenatorfromMassachusetts.HealsopublishedaPulitzerPrize-winningbookcalledProfilesinCourage.Andhehadbecomeahusbandandfather.Hemarrie
10、dawealthy,well-educatedwomanwhohadbeenworkingasanewspaperphotographer.HernamewasJacquelineBouvierzbutshewassometimescalledJackie.Shebecamepregnantfivetimes,butonlytwoofherchildrenwouldsurvive:adaughternamedCaroline,andason,JohnF.Kennedy,Junior.Jackie,JackzJohn,Jr.andCarolineThefamilyoffourmovedintot
11、heWhiteHouseinJanuary1961.Onthedayhewassworn-inzKennedygaveaspeechthatmanypeoplestillremembertoday.ItcelebratedthenewgenerationofAmericans/andpromisedtopayanypriceforliberty.Supportersofthenewpresidentlovedhisenergyandsenseofhope.Inhismostfamousline,Kennedysaid,Asknotwhatyourcountrycandoforyou-askwh
12、atyoucandoforyourcountry.,ManyyoungpeoplerememberedthatlinewhentheyvolunteeredforaprogramKennedycreatedin1961:thePeaceCorps.OtherAmericansrememberedthelinewhentheywatchedtwoApollo11astronautswalkonthemoonin1969.Kennedystronglysupportedthecountrysspaceprogram.HepromisedthatAmericanswouldlandonthemoon
13、bytheendofthe1960s,andtheydid.KennedyalsosupportedeffortstoimprovecivilrightsacrosstheU.S.,althoughhisadministrationmovedslowly.CallstoendlegalizedracismweregrowingstrongerduringKennedystimeinoffice,particularlybecauseoftheleadershipofMartinLutherKing,Junior.InJuneof1963zKingspoketohundredsofthousan
14、dsofpeopleatacivilrightsprotestcalledtheMarchonWashington.Hetoldthecrowdthathedreamedmyfourlittlechildrenwillonedayliveinanationwheretheywillnotbejudgedbythecoloroftheirskinzbutbythecontentoftheircharacter.,TheMarchonWashington,amongotherevents,showedthepowerofthecivilrightsmovement.Inlate1963zPresi
15、dentKennedysentacivilrightsbilltoCongressandspoketoAmericansabouttheinjusticethatremainedinthecountry.ThePeaceCorps,theSpaceRace,andcivilrightsareallpartofKennedyslegacy.Kennedyisalsorememberedforseveraltroublinginternationalevents.Inone,knownastheBayofPigszAmericanssupportedCubanrefugeesinaneffortt
16、ooustthegovernmentofFidelCastro.Notonlydidtherefugeesfail,butKennedysgovernmentwasfoundtobelyingabouttheirsupportoftheeffort.AndKennedyfacedoffwiththeleaderoftheSovietUnion,NikitaKhrushchev.In1962,AmericanleaderslearnedthattheSovietshadhiddennuclearweaponsinCuba.ThemissileswouldbeabletoreachtheU.S.m
17、ainlandeasily.KenneydandSovietPremierNikitaKhrushchevin1961KennedyorderedablockadeofCuba.PeoplearoundtheworldheldtheirbreathastheywaitedtoseeiftheU.S.andtheSovietUnionwouldlaunchanuclearwar.Theydidnot.Afterseveralverytenseweeks,KennedyandKhrushchevreachedanagreementthatendedthecrisis.Kennedywentonto
18、reachanagreementwiththeSovietUnionandBritaintolimitnuclearweaponstesting.Hesaidtheagreementwasoneofthepresidentialactsofwhichhewasmostsatisfied.HistoriansstilldebateKennedysactions,andwhatelsemighthavehappenedduringhispresidency.TheywonderespeciallywhathewouldhavedoneabouttheincreasingconflictinViet
19、nam.ButKennedydidnotlivetofinishhisfirstterm.DeathByNovember22,1963zKennedyhadbeenpresidentforjustunderthreeyears.Thenextelectionwasstillayearaway,butitwastimetostartcampaigningagain.SothepresidentandhiswifewenttoDallaszTexastoconnectwithvoters.Theywereridinginacarwithotherofficialvehiclesthatdroves
20、lowlythroughthecenterofthecity.Jack,Jackie,andtheTexasgovernorandhiswifesatinaconvertible-anautomobilewithoutprotectionovertheseats.Thepresidentwaswavingatthecrowd.Suddenly,severalgunshotswerefired.Thepresidentwasstrucktwice.Thegovernorwasalsohitandinjured.Kennedywashurriedtoahospital,butdoctorswere
21、unabletohelphim.Newsreportersannouncedhisdeathtoastunnedpublic.HoursIaterzJackieKennedyappearednexttotheformervicepresident-nowpresident-LyndonJohnson.Shestillworetheclotheswithherhusbandsbloodonthem.Three-year-oldJohnF.KennedyJr.saluteshisfather,scasket.TheeventsremainintenseinthemindsofmanyAmerica
22、nswhowerealiveatthetime.TheimagesremaineasilyrecognizablepartsofAmericanhistory.ThepicturesofKennedysfamilyathisfuneralareespeciallymemorable.Inone,three-year-oldJohnholdsuphisarmandsaluteshisfatherscasket.Attentionquicklyturnedtothegunman.Itwasreportedlya24-year-oldmannamedLeeHarveyOswald.Shortlyaf
23、terthepresidentandthegovernorwereshot,Oswaldshotapolicemanwhoquestionedhim.Oswaldwaseventuallydetained.Officialsplannedtobringhimtocourtforthedeathofthepresidentandthepoliceman.Butonthewayfromthepolicestationtothejailzalocalnight-clubownershotandkilledOswald.Asaresult,thecasenevercametotrial.ManyAme
24、ricansbelievethereasonfortheattackhasyettobeclarified.1.egacyHistorianshaveamixedreactiontoKennedysyearsasapresident,althoughtheiropinionsaregenerallypositive.HisimagewiththepublicsufferedsomeyearsafterhisdeathbecauseofreportsthathehadromanticrelationshipswithwomenotherthanJackiethroughouthismarriag
25、e.Intime,thepublicalsolearnedaboutKennedyshealthproblems.HesufferedfromseverebackpainandAddisonsdisease.Heoftenusedstrongmedicinetohelpcontroltheconditions.ThehealthproblemsareatoddswithKennedysimageofhealthandloveofsports.Yetevenwiththesenewdetails,Kennedyisstilloneofthecountrysbest-rememberedleade
26、rs.HewasacharismaticmanwhosecareerinfluencedmanyOtherAmericanstoenterpublicservice.Americansalsorememberhisstylish,culturedwife.JackieKennedycomparedtheKennedyyearsattheWhiteHousetoCamelotzthelegendarycourtofKingArthur.Theirremains,alongwiththoseoftwooftheirchildren,areburiedatArlingtonNationalCemetery,acrossthePotomacRiverfromWashington.Theyarehonoredtherewithaneternalflame-onedesignedsothefirewillnevergoout.mKellyJeanKelly.KellyJeanKellywrotethisstoryforLearningEnglish.GeorgeGrowwastheeditor.
