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1、InstructionsforFormattingJMLRArticles:AMicrosoftWordTemplate1.esliePackKaelblinglpkalmit.eduArtificialIntelligenceLaboratoryMassachusettsInstituteofTechnology545TechnologySquareCambridge,MA02139,USADavidCohndavid.cohnburning-BurningGlassTechnologies201S.CraigStreet,2WestPittsburgh,PA15213,USAEditor:
2、LeslieLamportAbStraCtThisdocument,whichisbasedonanearlierdocumentbyMintonetal.,(1999),describestherequiredformattingofJMLRpapers,includingmargins,fonts,citationstyles,andfigureplacement.ItdescribeshowauthorscanobtainanduseaLATEXstylefilethatwilleaseadherencetotherequirements.Italsocontainsasectionon
3、avoidingformattingerrorsthatfrequentlyappearinJMLRsubmissions.WhiletheformatrequirementsareonlycompulsoryIbrfinalsubmissions,Weencourageauthorstoadoptandadheretoitsrecommendationsthroughoutthesubmissionprocess.Keywords:format,Microsoftwordtemplate1 IntroductionToensurethatallarticlespublishedinthejo
4、urnalhaveauniformappearance,authorsmustproduceaPostScriptorPDFdocumentthatmeetstheformattingspecificationsoutlinedhere.Thedocumentwillbeusedforboththehardcopyandelectronicversionsofthejournal.ThisdocumentbrieflydescribesandillustratestheJMLRformat.ItdrawsveryheavilyfromanearlierdocumentbyMintonetal.
5、,(1999).YourarticleshouldlookassimilaraspossibletoPostScriptversionorPDFversionofthisdocument,ortotheJMLRsamplearticlewhichcanbefoundathttp:/www.jmlr.org/fdrmat/sample.ps.Belowweoutlinethebasicspecifications,includingfontsizes,margins,etc.However,thepointistohaveyourarticleslooksimilartothesample,an
6、dwhenindoubtyoushouldusethesampleasyourguide.PleasefeelfreetocontacttheeditorofJMLRifyouhaveanyquestions.Theremainderofthisdocumentisorganizedasfollows.Section2describesthestyleandformattingrequirementsforJMLRpapers.Section3describeshowtoobtaintheformattingtemplatesthatshouldsimplifyfollowingtherequ
7、irements,andSection4describescommonformattingerrorsthatshouldbeavoided.2 StyleandFormatPapersmustbeprintedinthesinglecolumnformatasshownintheenclosedsample.Marginsshouldbe11/4inchleftandright.Headersshouldbe1/2inchfromtopandfootershouldbe1inchfrombottomofpage.Titleshouldstart11/2inchesfromthetopofth
8、epage.2002LeslieP.KaelblingandDavidCohn2.1 FontsYoushoulduseTimesRomanstylefonts.Pleasebeverycarefulnottousenonstandardorunusualfontsinthepaper.Includingsuchfontswillcauseproblemsformanyprinters.HeadersandFootersshouldbein9pttype.Thetitleofthepapershouldbein14ptboldtype.Theabstracttitleshouldbein1Ip
9、tboldtype,andtheabstractitselfshouldbeinIOpttype.Firstheadingsshouldbein12pointboldtypeandsecondheadingsshouldbein11pointboldtype.Thetextandbodyofthepapershouldbein11pointtype.2.2 TitleandAllthorSThetitleappearsnearthetopofthefirstpage,centered.Authorsnamesshouldappearindesignatedareasbelowthetitleo
10、fthepaperintwelvepointboldtype.Authors*affiliationsandcompleteaddressesshouldbeinitalics,andtheirelectronicaddressesshouldbeinsmallcapitals(seesamplearticle).2.3 AbstractTheabstractappearsatthebeginningofthepaper,indented1/4ofaninchfromtheleftandrightmargins.ThetitleAbstractshouldappearinboldface11p
11、ointtype,centeredabovethebodyoftheabstract.Theabstractbodyshouldbein10pointtype.2.4 HeadingsandSectionsWhennecessary,headingsshouldbeusedtoseparatemajorsectionsofyourpaper.First-levelheadingsshouldbein12pointboldtypeandsecond-levelheadingsshouldbein11pointboldtype.Donotskipalinebetweenparagraphs.Thi
12、rd-levelheadingsshouldalsobein11pointboldtype.Allheadingsshouldbecapitalized.Afteraheading,thefirstsentenceshouldnotbeindented.Referencestosections(aswellasfigures,tables,theoremsandsoon),shouldbecapitalized,asinInSection4,weshowthat.1.2.4.1 AppendicesAppendices,ifincluded,followtheacknowledgments.E
13、achappendixshouldbelettered,e.g.,AppendixA”.Ifonlineappendicesaresubmitted,theyshouldnotbeincludedinthefinalmanuscript(seebelow),althoughtheymaybereferredtointhemanuscript.Theywillbepublishedonlineinseparatefiles.TheonlineappendicesshouldbenumberedandreferredtoasOnlineAppendix1,OnlineAppendix2,etc.2
14、.4.2 AcknowledgementsTheacknowledgmentssection,ifincluded,appearsafterthemainbodyofthetextandisheadedAcknowledgments.1Thesectionshouldnotbenumbered.Thissectionincludesacknowledgmentsofhelpfromassociatesandcolleagues,financialsupport,andpermissiontopublish.2.5 FiguresandTablesFiguresandtablesshouldbe
15、insertedinproperplacesthroughoutthetext.Donotgroupthemtogetheratthebeginningofapage,noralthebottomofthepaper.Numberfiguressequentially,e.g.,Figure1,andsoon.Thefigureortablenumberandthecaptionshouldappearundertheillustration.Leaveamarginofone-quarterincharoundtheareacoveredbythefigureandcaption.Capti
16、ons,labels,andothertextinillustrationsmustbeatleastnine-pointtype.Atpresent,sometypesofillustrationsinyourmanuscriptmaycauseproblemsforsomeprinterspreviewers.Althoughthisisgraduallybecominglessofanissue,weencourageauthorstousereliableprogramsforproducingfigures.Beforeyourpapercanbeaccepted,Wemustver
17、ifythatallyourfiguresprintsuccessfullyonourprintersandmaybeviewedwithAdobeAcrobatReaderorGhostview.CPUSpeedWageABCTable1.NotewellthatJMLRexpectstablecaptionsbelowthetable.=9ptfont.2.6 HeadersandFootersThefirstpageofyourarticleshouldincludethejournalname,volumenumber,yearandpagenumbersintheupperleftc
18、orner,thesubmissiondateandpublicationdateintheupperrightcorner,andthecopyrightnoticeinthelowerleftcorner.Theeditorwillletyouknowthevolumenumber,year,pages,submissiondateandpublicationdate.Ontheevennumberedpages,theheaderofthepageshouldbetheauthorsnames.Ontheoddpages,startingwithpage3,theheadershould
19、bethetitleofthepaper(shortenedifnecessary,asinthesample).2.6.1 PageNumberingandPublicationDateUponcompletionofyourarticleandfinalapprovaloftheeditor,youwillbeassignedapagenumberthatshouldbethefirstpageofyourarticle.Youshouldnumbertheremainderofyourarticleaccordingly.Pagenumbersshouldappearatthebotto
20、mofthepageinthecenter.Youwillalsobeassignedavolumenumberandpublicationdatethatyouwilluseintheheader.TipforMicrosoftWordusers:Tostartyourpagenumberingat,say,50,gotoInsert/PageNumbers/Format/Startat:50.2.6.2 FootnotesWeencourageauthorstousefootnotessparingly,especiallysincetheymaybedifficulttoreadonli
21、ne.Footnotesshouldbenumberedsequentiallyandshouldappearatthebottomofthepage,asshownbelow.12.7 ReferencesThereferencesectionshouldbelabeledReferencesandshouldappearattheendofthepaperinnatbibformat.AsamplelistofreferencesisgiveninAppendixA.Poorlyprepared,incompleteorsloppyreferencesreflectbadlyonthequ
22、alityofyourscholarship.Pleasepreparecompleteandaccuratecitations.Citationswithinthetextshouldincludetheauthorslastnameandyear,forexample(Cheeseman,1992).Appendlower-caseletterstotheyearincasesofambiguity,asin(Cheeseman,1993a).Multipleauthorsshouldbetreatedasfollows:(Cheeseman&Englemore1988)or(Englem
23、ore,Cheeseman&Buchanan,1992).Inthecaseofthreeormoreauthors,thecitationcanbeshortenedbyreferringonlythefirstauthor,followedbyetal.,asin(Clanceyetal.,1991).Multiplecitationsshouldbeseparatedbyasemi-colon,asin(Cheeseman,1993a;Buntine,1992).Iftwoworkshavethesameauthororauthors,theappropriateformatisasfo
24、llows:(Drummond1990,1991).Iftheauthorsnamesarementionedinthetext,thecitationneedonlyrefertotheyear,asinCheesemanandEnglemore(1988)showedthat.AIbotnoieshouldappearlikethis.Plcascensure(hatyourfootnotesarccomplete,fullypunctuatedsentences.Ingeneral,youshouldnthaveparentheticalstatementsembeddedinparen
25、theticalstatements.Therefore,citationswithinparentheticalstatementsshouldnotbeembeddedinparentheses.Usecommasasseparatorsinstead.Forinstance,ratherthan(asshownbyBresina(1992)youshouldwrite(asshownbyBresina,1992).Similarly,(e.g.,(Bresina,1992)shouldbev(e.g.,Bresina,1992).Notethatthenatbibstylefilesup
26、portstheinclusionofprefixesincitations.3 FormattingTemplatesToreadyyourworkforpublication,pleasetypesetitusingsoftwaresuchLATEXthatproducesPostScriptorPDFoutput(LATEXispreferred.)ALATEXstylefileisavailableathttp:/www.jmlr.org/format/jmlr2e.styorfromtheeditor.ThereisalsoatemplateforMicrosoftWord,whic
27、hcanproducePDFfilesviatheAcrobatproduct.Wehopetoeventuallyhavemacros/samplesforotherdocumentpreparationsystemsaswell.WerecommendworkingfromtheLATEXsourceofthesamplearticle(athttp:/www.jmlr.org/fbrmat/sample.tex),whichhasbeenannotatedtosimplifyuseofthemacrosinthestylefile.Ifyoumustuseadocumentprepara
28、tionsystemotherthanLATEX,pleasediscussthiswiththeeditorpriortosubmittingyourfinaldocument.IfyoudonothavethesoftwarenecessarytoproduceacceptablePostScriptorPDFfiles,theeditorwillrecommendaprofessionalserviceforformattingyourarticle.(Authorswillberesponsibleforpayingforthisservice).3.1 Usingjmlr2estyT
29、heLATEXsourceforthesamplepaper,athttp:/www.jmlr.org/format/sample.tex,detailstheuseofmostofthemacrosinjmlr2e;wedescribeafewofthemacroshereforillustration.ThepapershouldbeginwithaspecificationofthedocumentclassandJMLRstylefile:documentclasstwoside,llptarticle)Xusepackagejmlr2eThefollowingcommandcanbe
30、usedintheLaTexversionofyourpapertosetthefirstpageheader:jmlrheading120001-484/0010/00authorlist)#dates/pagesfromeditorTosetyourtitleandauthorsforheadings:XShortHeadingsshorttitle)shortauthorsForexample:XShortHeadingsMinimizingConflictsMintonetal.Tosetyourpagenumbers:firstpageno(?)thepagenumberyouare
31、assignedtostartwithbytheeditor.Authorsarespecifiedwiththeauthormacro:authornameAuthorOneemailauthor-one-emailaddrAuthorOneaddresslineoneAuthorOneaddresslinetwoWAuthorOneaddresslinethree.ANDnameAuthorTwoemailauthor-two-emailaddrAuthorTwoaddresslineoneAuthorTwoaddresslinetwoAuthorTwoaddresslinethree.)
32、Ifmultipleauthorsshareanaffiliation,itmaybeappendedtothegroupbyspecifying:athornameAuthorOneemailauthor-one-emailnameAuthorTwoemailauthor-two-emailaddrAuthors,addresslineoneWAuthors,addresslinetwoAuthors,addresslinethree.3.2 CitationsusingnatbibTherecommendedcitationstylefile,natbib,isincludedinjmlr
33、2e.sty.ItsupportsthecitationstylesdescribedinSection2.7withmacrossuchascitepandcitet).Thebasicusesofcitep)andcitet)areasfollows:citetjon90=Jonesetal.(1990)citetchap.-2jon90)=Jonesetal.(1990,chap.2)citepjon90=(Jonesetal.,1990)citepchap.2jon90=(Jonesetal.,1990,chap.2)citepseejon90=(seeJonesetal.z1990)
34、citeseechap.2jon90=(seeJonesetal.,1990,chap.2)citet*jon90=Jones,BakerzandWilliams(1990)citep*jon90=(Jones,Baker,andWilliams,1990)Fordetailsonmakingcitationswithnatbibmacros,seethenatbibdocumentationDaly97,acopyofwhichisavailableathttp:/www.jmlr.org/fdrmat/natbib.pdf.4 AvoidingCommonErrorsAswedothefi
35、naleditingpassesonJMLRpapers,wefindafairlyconsistentsetofproblemsrepeatedoverandover.Heresalistofthem.JMLRwontenforceconformitywiththeserules,butitwouldcertainlypleasetheeditorsifyoufollowedthem.4.1 DashesDashesshouldbeused-withcaretosetoffinterjectionsinasentence.Theyshouldbelongandthereshouldnotbe
36、spacesbetweenthemandtheprecedingandfollowingwords.Thus,inLaTeX,theinputshouldlooklikethis:4.2 Dashesshouldbeused-withcare-tosetoff.4.3 1.owercasenames4.4 Thenamesoffields,algorithms,methods,etc.,shouldbeinlowercase:cognitivescience,reinforcementlearning,principalcomponentsanalysis.Exceptionsarewhent
37、heyareinnamesoforganizationalentities,likeCognitiveScienceDepartment,orwhentheyincludepropernames,suchasMarkovdecisionprocessesorGaussiandensities,orBayesrule.4.5 1.atinabbrevs.ScientistsseemtoliketousetheLatinabbreviationsi.e.andc.g.First,dliketoencourageyoutotrytodowithoutthem.Ifyoucant,thenusethe
38、Englishequivalents(thatisinsteadofi.e.andforexample11insteadofe.g.)IfyoureallylovetheLatin(thenyoureaLatinlover?)youshouldatleastdoitright.Thereshouldbeaperiodaftereachletter(becausetheyreabbreviations),andthereshouldbeacommaaftertheexpression.Ifyoureaddictedtothesethings,Iencourageyoutodefineanduse
39、LaTeXmacroslikenewcommandiei.e.4.6 EquationnumbersOnlynumberequationsthatareactuallyreferredtolaterinthetext.4.7 CitationsCitationsarenotnouns.ItisnotcorrecttosayUsingthemethodof(Smith,1999),we.Instead,sayUsingthemethodofSmith(1999),we.orUsingthemethodofpartialCliscombobulation(Smith,1999),weSeethes
40、ectiononreferences(Section2.7)formoredetailsoncorrectandincorrectcitationforms.4.8 PunctuatemathSentenceswithmathematicalstatementsinthemarestillsentences,subjecttotheusualrulesofgrammarandpunctuation.AsKnuthetal.,(1989)say,1 recommend this book highly to anyone who likes to think about technical wr
41、iting. While were on the subject, I also highly recommend the (sadly, out of print) Handbook for Scholars by Mary-Claire van Leunen (1992).youshouldtestthisbyreadingoutyourpaperwiththingslikesnortandgrunt,substitutedinforthemathematicsandlisteningtoseewhetherit,sgrammaticallycorrect.Itoftenimprovesr
42、eadabilityifthepunctuationindisplayedequationsismovedouttotherightabit.InLaTeX,youcanwritea=b;.togetareasonableamountofspacebetweentheequationandtheperiod.Neverputafootnotedirectlyafteramathematicalexpression;itistooeasilyconfusedwithanexponent.4.9 HyphenatingcompoundnounsWhenyouhavealongstringofnou
43、nstogether,theyoftenneedhyphenationtomakethemeaningclear(andtomakeyoureditorhappy).Herearesomeexamplesofcorrectexpressions:reinforcementlearningreinforcement-learningalgorithmdelayed-reinforcementlearning(learningfromdelayedreinforcement)delayedreinforcementlearning(reinforcementlearningthatisdelaye
44、d)Whataretherules?Heresasimpleview:bydefault,modifiersbindtothephrasetotheirright.Ifyouwanttooverridethat,thenyouneedtouseahyphen.Considerthestringofwordscountrychickenpumpdispenser(seeninanactualcatalog).Apumpdispenseriseithersomethingthatdispensespumpsorthatdispensesbypumping.Achickenpumpdispenser
45、is,perhaps,apumpdispenserintheshapeofachicken.Butachicken-pumpdispenserissomethingthatdispenseschickenpumps.Theobjectinthecatalogwasasoapdispenserintheshapeofacountrychicken(asopposedtoacitychicken,Iguess)withapump.So,probably,itshouldhavebeenacountrychickenpumpdispenser,sincepumpmodifiesdispenser,c
46、ountrymodifieschicken,andthephrasecountrychickenmodifiespumpdispenser.Whcw.Manypeoplethinkitsbadformtousesuchlongstringsofnounsanyway.4.10 Dontuseutilize.*4.11 Don,tstartasectionwithasubsectionAsectionheadingshouldneverimmediatelyfollowanothersectionheadingwithoutinterveningtext.Sodontdothis:5 .Expe
47、rimentalResults5.1 ResultsonaSimulatedDomainInstead,dothis:5. ExperimentalResultsInthissection,wefirstdescribeblah,blah,blah.5.1 ResultsonaSimulatedDomainAcknowledgementsWhohelped,funded,etc.AppendixA:NatbibReferenceExamplesAnyappendixcomesbeforethereferences.Thefollowingformattingexamplesareintende
48、dtobeillustrative,notexhaustive.Ifyouareuncertainabouttheproperformatforareference,pleasecontacttheJMLReditors.A.l.BookRichardBellman.DynamicProgramming.PrincetonUniversityPress,Princeton,NewJersey,1957.A.2.EditedBookRobertR.BushandWilliamK.Estes,editors.StudiesinMathematicalLearningTheory.StanfordUniversityPress,Stanford,California
