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1、小升初语法讲义一数词、形容词知识精要1 .数词概述及用法；2 .形容词概述及用法；第一讲：数词的概述及用法基数词：表示人或事物数量多少的词.序数词：表示人或事物的顺序的词.往往和定冠词the连用.一.基数词.1.基数词的读法.1)1一12:onetwothreefourfivesixseveneightnineteneleventwelve2)13一19:词尾力口-teen:IhirIeenfourteenfifteensixteenseventeeneighteennineteen3)20,30,40,50,60,70,80,90:逢十词尾加-Iy:twentythirtyfortyfift
2、ysixtyseventyeightyninety4)21-99:在十位与个位之间加连字符构成.21一twenty-one99-ninety-nine5)101-999:先说几百，再加and,再加末尾两位数或个位数.101一onehundredandone238twohundredandthirty-eight6)1000以上的数：先将数字从右往左数，每三位数用一个逗号隔开，从右往左第一个逗号表示“千”读thousand第二个逗号表示“百万”读million第三个逗号表示“十亿”读billion英语中无万这个词，我们可以用几十个千(IhOUSand)”表示几万，几百个千(thousand)“表
3、示“几十万”。18,657,421-eighteenmillion,sixhundredandfifty-seventhousand,fourhundredandtwenty-one.2,510=twothousandfivehundredandten；84,296=eighty-fourthousandtwohundredandninety-six；274,350=twohundredandseventy-fburthousandthreehundredandfifty。【巧学妙记】巧记100以内的基数词基数词不难记，找清规律很容易；十二以内词各异，十三数到十九去，后加teen莫忘记；二十、
4、三十至九十，正式之后有-ty；要说“几十几”，中间别丢弃；ahundred是“一百”，请你记住莫大意。二.序数词基数词变序数词口诀:基变序,有规律，词尾要加th.一二三,特殊记，词尾分别tdd(firstsecondthird)八去t,九去e,ve要用f替.ty变作tie,再加th莫忘记.若遇几十几，只变个位就可以.1)英语序数词的第一至第三需特殊记忆。first(1st),second(2nd),third(3rd)2)序数词中第四至第十九都是在基数词后加th,但要注意第5、8、9、12的拼法:flfth、eighth、ninthtwelfth.3)序数词中第20至第90的十的倍数是将基数词
5、词尾的y改为i,再力口-eth.twentytwentieth(第二十)eightyeightieth(第八十4)十以上的基数词变成序数词时，把个位数变成序数词即可，十位数不变。thirty-twothirty-second(第三十二)seventy-fiveseventy-fifth(第七十五)5).序数词的缩写形式，在阿拉伯数字后加上序数词的最后两个字母构成。如：fifth5thsecond2nd基数词规律：1,1至12各不同2,13至19都以teen结尾3,20至90的整十数都以Iy结尾4,21至91的非整数:整数与个数间加5百是hundred,千是IhOUSand序数词规律：1,第一至
6、第三有独立式2,第四至第十二加th(除fifth,eighth,ninth,twelfth外)3,整十数：y改I加elh4,21至99间的非整十数：在整数基数词后加“一”，然后加上个位序数词。基数词变序数词口诀：基变序，有规律。一、二、三、特殊记,词尾字母t,d,d.(first,second,third)。八减L九去e,(eighth,ninth),f来把Ve替。(twelfth).单词ty作结尾，ty变成tie(twentieth).若是碰到几十几，只变个位就可以。三.数词的应用.1 .表编号.结构：名词(首字母要大写)+基数词=the+序数词+名词1.essonOne=thefirstl
7、esson注：有些编号，一般仅用第一种表达法。Room 101101号房间2 .序数词前一般加定冠词the但序数词前与不定冠词a/an连用时，表示“又一，再一”MrBrownhasasecondcar.布朗先生另外还有一辆车。Hehastriedasecondtime.他又尝试了一次。You,vedoneitthreetimes.Whynottryfourthtime?A.aB.anC.theD./3 .基数词的复数形式表示年代和年龄1）表示年代:inthe+年份的复数在几世纪几十年代.在十九世纪七十年代.inthe187OSinthe1970s在20世纪70年代2）表年龄:inones+整十
8、的复数表示在某人几十岁时在他三十岁时:inhisthirties.4 .hundred/thousand/million/billion1） .hundred/thousand/million/billion前有基数词时，其后不加s,也不加of.若没有时既加s也要带of.threehundredseats三百个座位hundredsof数以百计的，成百上千的thousandsof数以千计的，成千上万的millionsof数百万的billionsof数十亿的EveryyearvisitorscometoChina.Therearetwostudentsinourschool.A.thousandB
9、.thousandsC.thousandsofD.thousandof5 .几个半的表达法：基数词+and+ahalf+名词复数=基数词+名词（单数/复数）+and+ahalftwoandahalfhours=twohoursandahalf6 .时刻表达法：1）整点：基数词+oclock2）几点几分：A）.直接读法：先读小时，后读分钟3:25threetwenty-fiveB）.间接读法：a）30分钟.分钟+past+小时3:25一twenty-fivepastthreeb）30分钟.（60-分钟）+10+（小时数+1）3:55-fivetofourc）30分钟=half15分钟=aquar
10、ter45分钟=threequarters3:30-halfpastthree3:15-aquarterpastthree3:45-aquartertofour口常生活中的时间读法常常简化，直接按基数词的顺序读。7：05-sevenofive；7：15-sevenfifteen7.日期表达法：结构：1).月,年(用序数词，年用基数词)注：年份的读法：先读前两位数，再读后两位数.读日时要加the.2007年3月21日.一Marchthetwenty-first,twothousandandseven.(March21th,2007)1900nineteenhundred2008twothousa
11、ndeight1999年-nineteenninety-nine；2000-twothousand；1905-nineteenofive；2).日月年(the+序数词+of+月，年)2007年3月21日-thetwenty-firstofMarch,twothousandandseven.习惯写作：March2lth,20071998年6月8日写作：June81998；读作：Junetheeighth,nineteenninety-eight或theeighthofJune,nineteenninety-eighto2003年3月170,星期一Monday,Marchthe17th,2003.
12、8 .分数词的表达法：1) .结构:a).分子用基数词，分母用序数词.b).当分子大于1时，分母加复数.3/4threefourths(three-fourths)2) .注意：a) .分数词的几种特殊形式.1/3onethird=athird1/4onefourth=aquarter1/2onesecond=ahalf3/4-threefourths=threequartersb) .分数词作主语时，谓语动词根据分数词后面的名词来确定.Twofifthsofthemilk(be)drunkbyTom.Onethirdofthestudents(be)girls.9 .表示百分数5%：five
13、percent,0.8%zeropointeightpercent.分数、百分数与主谓一致分数、百分数的考查往往和主谓一致相联系。当分数、百分数修饰可数名词的复数时，谓语动词用复数形式；当分数、百分数修饰不可数名词时，谓语动词用单数形式。如：EightypercentofthestudentsinourschoolcomefromHenan.我们学校百分之八十的学生来自河南。ThreefourthsofthestudentsinmyclassareinterestedinEnglish.我们班四分之三的学生对英语感兴趣。Twothirdsofthewaterontheearthisseawat
14、er.地球上三分之二的水是海水。10 .基数词常和一些计量类名词“单数”用“一”连在一起，构成复合形容词，修饰名词。如:Atwelve-year-oldboy一个十二岁的男孩afive-milerace一次五英里的赛跑11、表示有小数的词用基数词。5.5fivepointfive12.135twelvepointonethreefive同步练习一、用英语写出下列数字相对应的基数词和序数词。1)12)23)34)85)96)127)58)209)8610)333二、将下列短语译成英语。1.第十二课2.一个8岁的男孩3.第五中学4.第14路公共汽车5.三年六班三、选择题1. Howmanymaga
15、zinesdoyouhave?Ihave.A.twoB.bothC.twiceD.thesecond2. Threehundredthousandonehundredandseventymeans.A.3,170B.3,117C.300,170D.30,1703. ofthemarediningatschool.A.TwelveB.TwelfthC.ThetwelveD.the12th4. Wecansaythenumber78,645inEnglishlikethis.A. seventy-eightthousandandsixhundredandforty-fiveB. seventy-e
16、ightthousandsixhundredandfortyfiveC. seventy-eightthousandsixhundredandfbrty-fiveD. seventyeightthousandsixhundredandfbrty-five5. Doyouthinkthereisanyroomforus?A.twoB.thetwoC.secondD.thesecond6. Whichnumberiswrong?.A.NinetyB.NinteenC.NinthD.Nineteenth7. otherstarsaremuchbiggerandbrighterthanthesun.A
17、.ThousandsofB.ThousandofC.ThethousandofD.Thousands8. Wehavelearnedaboutinrecentyears.A. severalhundredsEnglishwordsB. hundredsofEnglishwordsC. hundredofEnglishwordsD. severalhundredEnglishword9. Twodiedofcoldlastwinter.A.hundredsoldpeopleB.hundredsoldpeoplesC.hundredoldpeopleD.hundredoldpeoples10. T
18、heyveplantedtreesonthehill.A.onemillionofB.millionsofC.twomillionsofD.millionof答案：一、one/first,two/third,three/third,eight/eighth,nine/ninth,twelve/twelfth,five/fifth,twenty/twentiethEighty-six/eighty;sixth,threehundredandthirty-three/threehundredandthirty-third二、1.thetwelfthlesson2.aneightyearsoldbo
19、y3.thenumberfivemiddleschool4.thenumberfifteenbus5.ClassSixandGradeSix三、1-5,ACBDA6-10,BABCB第一讲：形容词的概述及用法一、形容词是用来修饰物体的形状.大小.长度.属性.特点等，位于名词的前面，作定语。另外还可以位于be动词和系动词后，作表语。大的big丑陋的UgIy小的small聪明的smart长的long远的far短的short有趣的interesting高的tall快的fast矮的short慢的slow强壮的strong忙碌的busy瘦的thin脏的dirty胖的fat热的hot漂亮的beautifu
20、l冷的cold凉爽的cool快的quick好的gd高兴的happy深的deep宽的wide担心的worried坏的bad很多many很多much二、形容词比较等级的构成1.规则变化类别构成方法原级比较级最高级单音节词和少一般直接加-er,-estlonglongerlongest以不发音的e结尾时加-er,-estlargelargerIaigest以辅音字母加y结尾时把y变i,再力口-er,-esteasyeasiereasiest数双音节词以重读闭音节结尾且末尾只有一个辅音字母时，双写最后的辅音字母，再加-er,-estbigbiggerbiggest多音节词和部分双音节词在原级前加mor
21、e,mostbeautifulmorebeautifulmostbeautiful2.不规则变化原级比较级最高级good/wellbetterbestmany/muchmoremostbad/illworseworstlittlelessleastfarfartherfurtherfarthestfurthestoldolderelderoldestoldest【例题】Mary,sbrotherisadoctor.Heisfouryearsthanher.A.older,elderB.elder,elderC.elder,olderD.older,older【解析】由than判定应该用比较级，
22、Older指人的年纪大，而elder主要表示兄弟姐妹之间的长幼关系。【答案】C【即学即用】Inourcity,itsinJuly,butitiseveninAugust.A.hotter,hottestB.hot,hotC.hotter,hotD.hot,hotter【答案】D二、形容词原级的用法1. ttA+be动词+as+原级+as+B”表示两者程度相同，意为“A和B一样”。Thisdressisasexpensiveasthatone.这个裙子和那个裙子一样贵。2. Abe动词+not+asso+原级+as+B”表示两者程度不一样，意为“A不如BTheweatherwasnotsohot
23、asitistoday.天气不像今天那么热。【例题】1.isteningisjustasasspeakinginlanguagelearning.A.importantB.moreimportantC.mostimportantD.themostimportant【解析】本题考查的是形容词原级的用法，asas中间用形容词的原级，故选A。【答案】A【即学即用】Thisballisn,tsoasthatone.（big）【答案】big三、形容词比较级的用法1 .表示两者之间的比较，用“A+be+形容词比较级+than+BThestorybookismoreinterestingthanthepic
24、turebook.故事书比图画书更有趣。2 .表示哪一个或谁更.用“Which/Whois+比较级，AorB7,表示。Whoistaller,LiLeiorWangTao?谁比较高，李雷还是王涛？3 .表示程度的副词even（甚至），much,alot,alittle/bit（一点），afew等修饰形容词的比较级。Mybikeismuchnewerthanhis.我的自行车比他的更新一些。4 .表示“越来越”时，用“比较级+and+比较级”结构。当形容词为多音节词或部分双音节词时，用“moreandmore+形容词原级”。colderandcolder越来越冷moreandmorebeauti
25、ful越来越漂亮【例题】MissLuisolderthanMissGao.A. veryB. moreC. muchD. quite【解析】必须熟记表示形容词不同程度的词。MUCh修饰形容词或副词比较级，意为“得多”，类似修饰比较级的还有：alot,abit,alittle,even,far等。【答案】C【即学即用】ThepopulationofAustraliaisthanthatofChina.A.fewerB.smallerC.largerD.more【答案】B四、形容词最高级的用法1 .表示三者或三者以上的人或物进行比较时，用最高级形式。形容词最高级前必须加定冠词the,句末常跟一个i
26、n/of短语来表示范围。如：ShanghaiisthebiggestcityinChina.上海是中国最大的城市。2 .表示在三者或三者以上的人或物种进行选择时，用“11证11/11015+由6+最高级，A,BorC?”结构。如：Whichcityisthemostbeautiful,Beijing,ShanghaiorFuzhou?哪座城市最漂亮，北京，上海还是福州？3 .“最的之一”时，用“oneofthe+形容词最高级”结构，该形容词后面的名词要用复数形式。如：ZhouJielunisoneofthemostpopularsingers.周杰伦是最受欢迎的歌星之一。4形容词最高级前面可以
27、加序数词，表示“第几个最”。如：TheYellowRiveristhesecondlongestriverinChina.黄河是中国第二长河。5.形容词最高级前面可以有物主代词，指示代词，名词所有格等修饰，要去掉the。如：Thisisourbestlessontoday.这是我们今天最好的一节课。【例题】Beijingisoneofcitiesintheworld.A. more beautifulB. the more beautifulC.mostbeautifulD.themostbeautiful【解析】本题考查形容词最高级的用法，最的其中之一为“orIeofthe+形容词最高级”,
28、故选D。【答案】D【即学即用】Tornhasfivehorsesonthefarm.Thewhiteoneisofthefive.A.youngerB.theyoungestC.mostyoungD.Young【答案】B同步练习一.写出下列形容词的比较级和最高级1.long2.short3.big4.early5.nice6.fat7.strong8.clean9.busy10.thin11.tall12.late13.hot14.happy15. delicious16. beautiful17. interesting18. important19. popular20. expensiv
29、e二.用下列词的适当形式填空1. Sheis(tall)thanme.2. Thisballis(big)thanthatone.3. m(thin)thanyou.4. Thisgirlis(beautiful)thanthatone.5. Cookiesare(delicious)thanbread.6. Thepigis(fat)thanthedog.7. Thepenis(expensive)thanthepencil.8. Theboyis(old)thanthegirl.9. Thisbuildingis(high)thanthatone.10. Theboyis(short)th
30、anme.答案一、IongerZlongest,shorter/shortest,bigger/biggest,earlier/earliest,nicer/nicest,fatter/fattestStrongerZstrongest,cleaner/cleanest,busier/busiest,thinnerthinnestailer/tallest,later/latest,hotter/hottest,happier/happiest,moredelicious/themostdeliciousmorebeautiful/themostbeautiful,moreimportant/
31、themostimportant,morepopular/themostpopular,moreexpensive/themostexpensive、1-5,taller,bigger,thinner,morebeautiful,moredelicious6-10,fatter,moreexpensive,older,higher,shorter单元过关1.单项选择()1.mtwoyearsthanyou.A.youngB.shorterC.younger()2.Lineupyoungertoolder.A.fromB.atC.of()3.Howbigyourfeet?A.isB.areC.i
32、t()4.?80cmA.Howtallareyou?B.Howlongareyourlegs?C.Howoldareyou?()5.Whichmonkeydoyoulike?A.Iliketheyellowone.B.Itsyounger.C.Itsnice.()6.Howisyourbestfriend?Thirteenyearsold.A.oldB.tallC.heavy()7.HowtallisChenJie?A.Heis12yearsold.B.m147cm.C.Sheis150cm.()8.当你想知道汤姆有多高时，你应该问：A、Howlongareyou?B.Howtallareyo
33、u?C.Howlargeareyou?()9.当你想表达“你的床有多长？时，你应该说：A.Howlongisyourbed?B.Howbigisyourbed?C.Howlargeisyourbed?()10.当你想知道你的朋友的体重时，你应该说：A.Howtallareyou?B.Howoldareyou?C.Howheavyareyou?2.选词填空。1.1tallerthanJohn.(is,am,are)2. youheavierthanTom?(is,am,are)3. Shethreeyearsolderthanherlittersister.(is,am,are)4. Howis
34、yourbrother?(tall,taller,high)5. Anelephantis,anditisthanapanda.(big,biger,bigger)3.知识运用1）完形填空Hello!mRose.I1aclothingstore.Thenameof2isAll-allClothingStore.DoyoulikeT-shirts?WehaveT-shirts3averygoodprice-only10dollars.Wehavesomeblack4_forsports.They511dollars.Doyouneed6?Wehavesweaters7white,redandgr
35、een.8are30dollars.Oh,We9havepantsforonly20dollars.10tomystoreandhavealook.1.A.haveB.amC.hasD.is2.A.himB.herC.itD.they3.A.onB.ofC.forD.at4.A.storeB.pantC.shoesD.bag5.A.amB.isC.areD.have6.A.sweatersB.sportsbagsC.redshoesD.pants7.A.onB.inC.atD.for8.A.TheseB.ThoseC.TheyD.The9.A.tooB.alsoC.toD.and10.A.Li
36、keB.SellC.GoD.Come2）阅读理解Maryishavingabigbirthdayparty.Therewillbeacakewithcandles.Somepeoplewillbringbirthdaypresents.Let,slookatbirthdayinsomedifferentcountriesaroundtheworld.Argentina:Earpulling.Theywillpullyourearonetimeforeachyearofyourage.Ifyouare13,theywillpullyourearthirteentimes.Denmark:Flag
37、.IfitisyourbirthdayinDenmark,aflagwillflyoutsideawindowofyourhome.Philippines:Coloredlights.Somepeopleputcoloredlightsoutsidetheirhomeifsomeoneishavingbirthday.Russia:Birthdaypies.ManyRussianchildrengetabirthdaypie,notabirthdaycake.Whenyouhaveabirthday,hereisamessageforyou.tHappyBirthday“fromallarou
38、ndtheworld.()1.Whatisthepassagesbesttitle?AThefoodaroundtheworldBChildrenaroundtheworldCBirthdaysaroundtheworld()2.InArgentina,whatwillchildrengetifitittheirbirthday?AcakewithcandlesB.EarpullingC.Ears()3.InDenmark,ifitisyourbirthday,whatwillflyoutsideyourwindow?AflagB.AcakeC.Somelights()4.InPhilippi
39、nes,whatdosomepeopleputoutsidetheirhomeifsomeoneishavingabirthday?AflagB.BirthdaypiesC.Coloredlights()5.DoRussianchildrengetabirthdaypieorabirthdaycakeiftheyarehavingabirthday?AbirthdaypieB.AbirthdaycakeC.Nothing4.书面表达请以myEnglishteacher为题写一篇短文，不少于60词。单元过关答案一、1.C2.A3.B4.A5.A6.A7.C8.B9.A10.D二、1.am2.Ar
40、e3.is4.tall5.big;bigger三、完型填空1-5AABCD6-10ACBBA阅读理解-5CBACA四、【参考范文】OurEnglishteacher,Mrs.Wang,isaboutfortyyearsold.Shealwayswearsapairofglasses.Sheisverystrictwithus.Whenwemakeamistake,sheoftenmakesusstandup.Butwehearthatherhomeisfarfromourschool.Everymorningshehastowalktoschoolforfortyminutes.Andsheisneverlate.ThenwecometoseethatMrs.Wanglovesusdearly.Sheteachesussocarefully.Infact,sheisagoodteacher.
