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1、文献信息：文献标题：FrameStructureAnti-earthquakeDesignWayofThinking（框架结构的抗震设计思路）国外TheodoreV.Galambos文献出处：JournalofConstructionalConcreteResearch,2000,55:289-303字数统计：英文4451单词，22990字符；中文5601汉字外文文献：FrameStructureAnti-earthquakeDesignWayofThinkingAbstractCurrently,theanti-earthquakenormsallroundtheworldalmostado
2、pttoakindofwayofthinking:Theadoptionpressestheearthquakestrongorweakofpossiblesituationtodividethelineearthquakecentarea;Accordingtoeveryplacethehistoryoccurrenceoftheareaearthquakeofcovarianceresultortogeologystructureofthehistoryinvestigatetohavetoexplicitstatisticsthemeaningestablishthesportpeaki
3、nwaterproofandquasi-groundvalueacceleration;Makeuseofagainthereactionaccelerationthattheaccelerationreactioncomposesdifferentperiod;GetadesigntouseaccelerationlevelthroughearthquakedintadjustmetcoefficientR.Inthemeantime,mostnationsallapprovesuchpoint,establishingtodefendtheearthquakeintensitylevelc
4、antaketouseadifferentvalue,choosingtousetoestablishtodefendtheearthquakeintensitylevelmoreandhighly,theductilityrequestofthestructurealsomoreIOw,choosetousetoestablishtodefendearthquakeintensitylevelmoreandlowly,structureofductilityrequestmorehigh.Thestructureductilityguaranteeofpreconditionistheduc
5、tilityofthemember,passagainaneffectivelyreasonableconjunctioninadoptingaseriesofmeasureguaranteememberthefoundationoftheductility,thestructuresystemchoiceisreasonableinthemeantime,thedegreejustdistributesreasonableofunderconditionabilitybasicassurancestructureofductility.Keywords:framestructure;anti
6、-earthquakedesign;designwayofthinking1.SimpleReviewofAnti-earthquakeDesignWayofThinkingThedevelopmentthatconstructsthestructureanti-earthquakeisalongwithpeoplealltheearthquakemovewiththestructurecharacteristicoftheunderstandingiscontinuouslythoroughbutdevelopgradually,however,fromisbornuptonowthehis
7、toryofahundredyears,havemostlyseveraltodevelopastageasfollows:(1) Quietdintstage:ItfirstfromaJapaneseprofessorpassedtoharmtoprognosticatetheanti-earthquakedesigntheoriesthatputforwardwiththetheoriesunderstandingatthattimetothelimitedearthquake,beingapplicabletoonlyjustrigidbodystructure.Itdidntthink
8、characteristicandtheplacedifferencetoconsiderstructuretotheinfluencethatconstructsstructure.(2) Respondthetablestage:Alongwithvibratetorecordofobtainandthedevelopmentofthestructuredynamicstheories,theBiotaprofessoroftheUnitedStatesputforwardflexibilitytorespondtheconceptofthetablein1940,respondtheta
9、bleislistthefreelyflexiblesystem,itwasobtainofnumerousearthquakesrecordofencourage,thestructureperiodorrespondoftherelation,includetheaccelerationreactiontable,thespeedrespondedatable,movedtorespondatable.Itconsiderthemotivecharacteristicofthestructure,itstillisthefoundationthatallcountriesnormdesig
10、nearthquakedinttakesavalueuptonow.Thecalculationoftheearthquakefunctiondintusuallyuseshearswiththebottomandflapsadecompositiontorespondatableamethod,flappingadecompositiontorespondatableamethodofbasicdefine:Supposethebuildingstructureisthelineflexibilitymorefreedomdegreesystem,makinguseprincipleoffl
11、apadecompositionandflapatype,itwillsolveafreedomdegreetheearthquakeoftheflexiblesystemtorespondtoresolveforsolveanindependenceofetc.theeffectsinglefreedomdegreeflexiblesystemmosttheheavyearthquakerespond.Thenbeggingshouldineachfunctionaffectthatflapsatype.Atthistime,accordingtoconsiderthewaydissimil
12、arityoftheearthquakefunction,adoptadifferentarray,groupmethod,orderflexiblesystemtomanyqualitiesoftheflatsurfacevibration,itcanuseaSRSSmethod,itisaccordingtosupposetheimportationearthquakeassteadyrandomprocess,eachofaflapreactionisindependentmutuallybutdeducetoget;Forconsidereven-twistsmanyqualities
13、thatthelotusconnecttoorderflexiblesystem,theadoptionCQCmethod,itliesinwiththemaindifferentiationoftheSRSSmethod:Supposewhenflatsurfacevibrateeachflapatypeindependentmutually,andeachcontributionthatflapatypeincreasedalongwiththefrequencyhighbutlower；Buteven-twistlotusconnecthoureachflapafrequencyspan
14、verysmall,closetogetherandhigherflapthefrequencyofthetypeandmayneartothisrelativitythatwillconsideradissimilaritytoflapaverymuch,alsohaveinfluenceofturnroundtheweightandnotnecessarilyincreasealongwiththefrequencyhighbutlower,sometimeshigherflaptheinfluencepossibilityofthetypebiginlowerflaptheinfluen
15、ceofthetype,itwillconsidermoreinfluencesthatflapatypewhilecomparingSRSS.Thebottomshearsthedintmethodinconsiderationofthespecialofthestructuresystemtothesimplificationthatflapsadecompositiontorespondtocomposeamethod,bethebuildingheightnotbig,tookshearingtoslicetotransformasthelordandthequalitytofollo
16、wheighttodistributemoreevenstructurewithdegreejust,thestructurevibrationmovedtorespondusuallywiththefirstflappedatypeforlord,andwhenthefirstflappedatypetoneartointhestraightline,canflapadecompositionmethodsimplificationtoshearthedintmethodcalculationformulaforthebasicbottom.Thelevelearthquakefunctio
17、nthateachqualitythatthisbasicformulacalculationgetordercanbetterreflectionjustdegreebiggerstructure,butwhenstructurethebasicperiodwaslong,theplacecharacteristicperiodtocomparewithhour,thecalculationincomecopingearthquakefunctionbepartialtosmall,ofcourse,theAnti-earthquakeNormprovision,bethestructure
18、basicperiodmorethan1.4placecharacteristicperiod,atcopingadditionallevelearthquakefunction.(3)themotivetheoriesstage:Alongwithmoveunderstandingandcomprehendtotheearthquakeofdeepencontinuously,knowtosomeshortageofthereactiontable,suchastotheearthquakemoveholdofinfluenceconsiderationnotweek,andtheexalt
19、ationofthecalculatorfunction,makethemotivemethoddevelopgradually,itsessencesolvesasquaredistanceofmotivedirectly,butbecauseofearthquakethegroundsportaccelerationisveryirregular,itcantbegfordifferentialcalculussquaredistance,itshutstomatchasolution,soadoptnumberintegralcalculusmethodmore.Usualwayofdo
20、ingiscarryonacontinuouscentasegmentaprocessingtowardshavingalreadyrecordoftheearthquakewave,eachdataallseedotheconstant,thenthefunctiongettostructureup,passanequilibriumandsquaredistanceofmotivetobegatthemomentoftheacceleration,speed,movereaction,movingwithex-theacceleration,speed,thesegmenttocarryo
21、nfoldingtoaddimmediatelyafterfoldingtheresultforaddasthebeginningthatdescendsatthattimeasegmenttostartadata,pushingaccordingtothiskind,endbegstructureatthegiveforlowweekagainandagaintheearthquakewaveunderoftheacceleration,speedandmovethedintreactionvarietyprocess.(4) AtAmericanNorthridgeearthquakein
22、1994andJapaneseKobeearthquakein1995after,thebeautifuldayscholarputforwardagainaccordingtotheanti-earthquakedesignmethodofbehavior,itwasduringtheperiodofusagetomakethebuildingstructuresatisfyvariousrequeststhatusedfunctionaccordingtothebasicthoughtofbehavior.Traditionaccordingtothedesignmethoddissimi
23、larityofthedint,adjudicatetothestructurefunctionmainlyisaccordingtomovestandard,moveindexsigntocomewiththedifferenttothestructurefunctiontocarryonadifferentcontrol.Butdescendstructurebecauseofthebigearthquakeofnot-flexibletransformhardandaccurateestimateof,maketocanstayaroundaccordingtothedesignmeth
24、odofbehaviortheoretically.Butputforwarditsaggressivemeaningtohave2:00atleast:a. Emphasizethesystemandthesocietyoftheearthquakeengineering;b. Thepartthatknowsanoriginalanti-earthquaketodesignnormisunsuitedtoreasonableness.Conductandactionsaccordingtothefoundationofthefunctionanti-earthquakedesign,sho
25、uldtotheparticularlevelearthquakefunctionofacertaincovariancemeaningunderofthestructuremove,thespeedandaccelerationcarryonaccuratevaluation,shouldalsohaveareasonableofvaluationmethodwithavailablevaluationtool.Itisexactlybecauseofthispurpose,putforwardanddevelopedthePushovermethodandabilitytocomposea
26、method.ThebasicwayofthinkingofthePushovermethodisanadoptionthequietdintaddtocarry,supposingthesideofthesomepennyclothformtowardlotustocarryafunctiononthestructure,addingtocarrygraduallyuntilattainthestructurecontrolpointtargettomoveorthestructurebreak,gettingthelevelsideofthecontrolpointtomovetoshea
27、rthedintrelationcurvewithsubstratethus,evaluatinginordertotheanti-vibrationabilityofthestructure.ThePushovermethoddependsontodistributeaformandplaytheplasticityreactiontabletargettomovetoreallysettleinthesideforce.2.BasicWayOfThinkingofFrameStructureAnti-earthquakeDesignductilityStandardAftertheflex
28、ibilityrespondtableputforward,thepeoplesdetectioncomputestogainfromhereofthestructurerespondwiththeactualearthquakethebreakagephenomenonofthestructurecontaincertainantinomy,mainlyispresstheflexibilityreactiontabletocalculateofthestructurerespondedtheaccelerationashabitualtodesigntheearthquakedinttot
29、aketobeworthbigquiteafewatthattimedoubly,andtooktosettleaccordingtothehabitualofthefunctionofthedesignearthquakedintdescendsthehousestructureofdesign,theharmofthestructuresystemwasn,tseriousintheearthquake.60slastcentury,theNewmarkpassedtostarttothebeginningofdifferentperiodjustdegreehomologyofthesi
30、nglefreedomdegreethesystemcarriedonanalysisunderthesituationthatmanywavesinput,putforwardetc.movedtheprincipleandetc.energyprinciple,andputforwardtheconceptofthestructureductility.Studiedsingleandfreesystemtoacceptdefeatthelevelandflexibilitythoroughlyagainfromtherelationofflappedthebiggestnot-flexi
31、blemotiveintheperiodandstructuretorespondafterward,thisbecustomarilysayofthetheoriesoftheR-Teffect.Passingtheseresearches,announcingtopublictheductilityabilityandplasticitytoconsumeanabilityisastructureBetakingtousetoacceptdefeatlevelundernothighcircumstance,atbigearthquakeunderthestructuredoesnttak
32、eplaceseveritytobreakanddoesntdonttumbledownofassurance.Arrivehere,concerningthedesignearthquakedintstakingthebasicproblemofthevaluesizehavetoarriveunderstandingdefinitely,betheanti-earthquaketheearthquakedinttakeavalueofthesizeisntanumberofassurance,butwiththestructureductilityfunctionandconsumethe
33、abilitymechanismrelatedquantityvalue.HerewhattoneedtobeexplainBE,designedtheearthquakedinttotakeavaluetoresolveaproblemonly,buttothestructureductilityfunctionguaranteeofthemeasurehavetocanalsopromise,thiswillatunderneathasectiondiscuss.Currently,theanti-earthquakenormsallroundtheworldalmostadoptssoa
34、kindofwayofthinking:Theadoptionpressestheearthquakestrongorweakofpossiblesituationtodividethelineearthquakecentarea;Accordingtoeveryplacethehistoryoccurrenceoftheareaearthquakeofcovarianceresultortogeologystructureofthehistoryinvestigatetohavetoexplicitstatisticsthemeaningestablishthesportpeakvaluei
35、nwaterproofandquasi-groundvalueacceleration;Makeuseofagainthereactionaccelerationthattheaccelerationreactioncomposesdifferentperiodtodescendstructureto;getadesigntouseaccelerationlevelthroughtheearthquakedintadjustmentcoefficientR.Inthemeantime,mostnationsallapprovesuchstandpoint,establishingtodefen
36、dtheearthquakeintensitylevelcantaketouseadifferentvalue,choosingtousetoestablishtodefendtheearthquakeintensitylevelmoreandhighly,theductilityrequestofthestructurealsomorelow,choosetousetoestablishtodefendtheearthquakeintensitylevelmoreandlowly,structureofductilityrequestmorehigh.Thestructureductilit
37、yguaranteeofpreconditionistheductilityofthemember,passagainaneffectivelyreasonableconjunctioninadoptingaseriesofmeasureguaranteememberthefoundationoftheductility,thestructuresystemchoiceisreasonableinthemeantime,thedegreejustdistributesreasonableofunderconditionabilitybasicassurancestructureofductil
38、ity.Underneaththiskindofdiscussestheourcountryanti-earthquakenormmostlywayofthinking,thecurrentChinesenormdidntadoptavarietytoestablishtodefendtheearthquakeintensityleveltotaketouse,butdon,TedaddadistinctionofunifyanadoptionoftheearthquakedintadjustmentcoefficientR=l0.35Jnthemeantime,mostlyaccording
39、toestablishadissimilarityofdefendtheearthquakeintensity,dividethelinethedifferentanti-earthquakegrade,fixattentiononinestablishtodefendearthquakeintensitydifferently,adopttheantiearthquakemeasureofthedifferentassuranceductility.Veryobvioushereexistamisunderstandingofconcept,alsobeaccordingtothetheor
40、iesoftheR-Teffect,thelittlemorethanearthquakedintadjustmentcoefficientR=1/0.35,shouldgivethesameductilityguaranteemeasuretothestructure,buttheChinesenormadoptthedifferentductilityguaranteemeasure,alongwithanti-earthquaketheexaltationofthegrade,ductilityguaranteetheabilitycorrespondtostrengthen.Thisk
41、indofusefulnessofthewayofdoingunderwayandnotthelinemotiverespondofverification,candescribesoasaresultmostly:Forthedistrictof8degrees0.3gand9degrees0.4g,becauseofcorrespondoftheanti-earthquakegradeishigher,themeasureoftheguaranteeductilityisalsostronger,sogenerallyandmoresafe;Andforthedistrictof6degr
42、ees0.05gand7degrees0.1g,gainfromheretoofthelevelearthquakeeffectbepartialtosmall,thegenerallotuscarriesanarray,groupiscarriedthecontrolfunctionbythegravitylotus,althoughtoshouldofthemeasureoftheguaranteeductilityisntverystrong,canalsoguaranteestructuregenerallyunderthebigearthquakeofnot-flexibletran
43、sformoffunction;Buttothedistrictof7degrees0.15gand8degrees0.2g,circumstanceanotherthepersonworry,becauseofatthelotuscarryanarray,group,theearthquakefunctioncanhavegenerallycontrolfunction,butcorrespondmeasureofguaranteetheductilityandbepartialtoweak,sodifficultdontneedtoexistcertainpotentialsafetyha
44、zardtosufferfrom.SeeagainothernationalearthquakedintadjustmentcoefficientRtochoosetouse,inordertohavekeptconcreteunderstandingofview:TheearthquakedintadjustmentcoefficientofallcountriesnormprovisionEuropeancommonbodyEC8NewZealandNZS3101AmericanUBC1997ChineseGB50011-2(X)1TheDC,L,lowductility2.5Thefle
45、xibilityrespondsstructure1.25Generalframe3.51/035s2.86IntheDCMductility3.75Limitedductilitystructure3.0Mediumframe5.5TheDCHhighductility5.0Ductilitystructure6.0Specialframe8.53.AbilityDesignMethodTopapartemphasizedtodiscussthedesignearthquakedinttotaketheproblemofthevalue,butwantedtopromisestructure
46、underthebigearthquakeoffunction,alsoneedtoestablishthevalidanti-earthquakemeasure,makethestructurereallyhaveneedofkeepverticalloadingunderthedintconditionnot-flexibletransformanability,thisbetheso-calledabilitydesignmethod.AbilitydesignmethodfromNewZealandthereinforcedconcreteanti-earthquakeexpertsc
47、holarssuchastheT.ParlayandtheR.Parketc.developmentwithinitiate,mainwayofthinkingistothememberoccasionallymemberdissimilarityinsidethepieceissubjectedtothedintformoftheloadingabilitydifferofcontrol,promisethereinforcedconcretestructureformationthebeamswingjointorganizationandductilitybiggeriscutnoodl
48、estobesubjectedtothedintbreakageappearance,makethestructurehavetoplayplasticitytotransformfunctionenough,promisebigearthquakehourhaveanenoughabilitytoconsumetospreadfunction,avoidcreationbrittlenesstobreakandappeardisadvantageousoforganizationform.Thekeyoftheabilitydesignmethodistheanti-earthquakede
49、signthatleadsthecontrolconceptintostructure,thereistheleadingformationofthepurposetothebeneficialbreakagemechanismistothestructureandbreakmode,avoidnotreasonableofthestructurebreakappearance,andtryassurancetoanticipatetobreakparttoplayplasticitytotransformanability.Theabilitydesignmethodmainlypassesthefollowingthreekindsofmeasuretogiveassurance:1. Enlargepillaroppositeintheanti-ofthebeam-curvedability,artificialofleadingofthestructureswingjointpart.2. Ra
